不同加料方式对共沉淀法制备YAG纳米粉体的影响

用共沉淀法制备了钇铝石榴石(Y3Al5O12)纳米粉体,研究了正滴定、反滴定和一步注入工艺对钇铝石榴石纳米粉体合成过程及最终产物的影响。利用X射线衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、同步热分析仪、场发射电子显微镜对YAG前驱体及不同温度煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明:通过正滴定、反滴定和一步注入工艺,分别制备出化学组成为10[8.9Al(OH)3+1·1NH4Al·(OH)2CO3]·3[Y2(CO3)3·3H2O]、10[7.3Al(OH)3+2.7NH4Al·(OH)2CO3]·3[Y2(CO3)3.3H2O]、10[Al(OH)3]·3[Y2(CO3)3·3H2O]的前驱体。前驱体经900℃煅烧2 h后,正、反滴定工艺得到的粉体主相为YAG(Y3Al5O12),但有少量的YAP(YAlO3),一步注入工艺则得到纯的YAG相。晶粒尺寸分别为85 nm、70 nm和65 nm,且一步注入工艺获得的粉体粒径分布较窄,分散性良好。     

乙醇/水混合溶剂热法制备不同形貌的CuO晶体

以Cu(NO3)2·3H2O为原料,加入NaOH或NaOH+Na2CO3水溶液沉淀剂,生成Cu(OH)2或Cu2(OH)2CO3沉淀作前驱物,采用乙醇/水混合溶剂热法制备CuO.用FT-IR、XRD、SEM等方法对产物进行了表征.研究了溶剂的组成、前驱物的种类等因素对产物形貌及生成速率的影响.实验结果显示:以Cu2(OH)2CO3作前驱物,溶剂组成为V(C2H5OH):V(H2O)=1:2、150 ℃处理12 h可得形状规整的片状CuO;而以Cu(OH)2作前驱物,在相同条件下处理所得产物形貌为纺锤形.     

Co2+,Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体的生长及其吸收特性

应用中频感应提拉法成功生长出新型的Co2+,Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体.研究了室温下晶体的吸收光谱性能.结合Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体的光谱,并利用调Q判据对Co2+,Er3+:Y3Al5O12晶体调Q特性进行了简单的分析.结果表明Co2+,Er3+:YAG晶体是一种很有潜力的自调Q激光晶体.     

水热体系中不同前驱物对合成镁铝水滑石微结构的影响

以不同的镁源、铝源组合为前驱物,利用XRD、SEM及EDS比较研究了水热体系中不同的前驱物组合对合成镁铝水滑石(Mg-Al-LDHs)晶体微结构及晶体生长的影响,同时利用生长基元的配位体理论对其生长机理进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明:当固定体系的pH =12,水热温度120℃、水热时间18h的条件下,不同的前驱物组合均可以合成结晶度较好的镁铝水滑石晶体;但不同的镁源、铝源组合对产物的物相、分散性、结晶规整性、厚径比、纯度、大小及微结构有一定的影响.当镁源固定为MgCl2,铝源分别为Al2O3、Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,不溶性氧化铝合成的LDHs规整性、分散性及纯度较差,晶体发育不完整;当铝源分别为溶解度较好Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,合成产物LDHs晶体的结晶度、规整性、分散性及纯度较好,但由于溶解度和相连阴离子极性的不同,造成产物微结构的微小差异;当镁源固定为溶解度较大的Mg(NO3)2时,铝源分别为Al(NO3)3、AlCl3时,同溶解度较小MgCl2相比,更有利于合成结晶度、规整度、尺寸更小的镁铝水滑石晶体.溶解度较大的镁源、铝源前驱物组合合成的镁铝水滑石有更高的结晶度和规整度.EDS分析证实,溶解度较差的Al2O3合成的镁铝水滑石纯度较差.溶解度较好的不同镁源、铝源前驱物组合合成的镁铝水滑石不含有任何其它阴离子杂质,平均镁铝比约为3,非常接近LDHs的理论值.     

水热-固相法制备Gd2Zr2O7纳米粒子

以Gd2O3和ZrOCl2.8H2O为原料,氨水为矿化剂,在200℃和12～30 h的水热条件下合成的前驱体,经固相反应获得Gd2Zr2O7纳米粒子。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重差热(TG-DTA)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试手段分析了样品合成过程的物相变化、产物结构及形貌特征。结果表明:在n(Gd)∶n(Zr)=1∶1,水热合成温度200℃,pH=11,保温24 h,合成的前驱体经1000℃、2 h煅烧获得分散性好、形貌近球形、粒径约23nm的Gd2Zr2O7纳米粒子。     

水热法合成Zn1-xCoxO室温稀磁半导体

本文采用水热法,在430℃,填充度为35;,3mol/L KOH作为矿化剂,反应时间为24h,合成了Zn1-xCoxO晶体.当在Zn(OH)2中添加一定量的CoCl2·6H2O为前驱物时,水热反应产物中,可以获得多晶体形态的掺杂Zn1-xCoxO晶体.电子探针测量表明,随着前驱物中CoCl2·6H2O添加量的增加,晶体中的Co实际掺入量也随着增加.采用超导量子干涉磁强仪测量材料的磁性,发现在室温以下,水热法合成的Zn1-xCoxO晶体的磁化强度随温度变化很小,在300K存在明显的磁饱和现象和磁滞回线,表明具有室温下铁磁性.     

水热法合成Zn1-xNixO稀磁半导体

本文采用水热法,在温度430℃,填充度35%,矿化剂为3mol/L KOH,前驱物为添加适量N iC l2.6H2O的Zn(OH)2,反应时间24h,合成了Zn1-xN ixO稀磁半导体晶体。当在Zn(OH)2中添加一定量的N iC l2.6H2O为前驱物,水热反应产物为掺杂N i的多种形态ZnO混合晶体,对其个体较大的晶体中进行电子探针测量表明,前驱物中的添加量和晶体中实际掺入量有很大的差异,只有少量的N i离子掺入ZnO,最大N i原子分数含量为0.62%。采用超导量子干涉磁强计测量材料的磁性,发现在室温以下,晶体的磁化强度不随温度升高而下降。在室温下,存在明显的磁饱和现象和磁滞回线,说明具有室温下的铁磁性。     

导模提拉法生长Tb3Sc2Al3O12(TSAG)晶体及性质表征

本文采用导模提拉法成功生长了Tb3Sc2Al3O12 (TSAG)晶体,并对所生长晶体进行了物相分析和单晶结构分析,探讨了多晶原料的烧结温度对晶体颜色的影响.Sc3+和Al3+的浓度分布测试表明,导模提拉法能较好地克服因分凝效应引起的Sc3+浓度分布不均,可以生长获得浓度分布均匀的TSAG晶体.磁光性能测试表明,Sc3+掺入对晶体在400～1100 nm波长范围内的磁光性能影响不大,所生长TSAG晶体的费尔德常数仅比Tb3Al5O12 (TAG)晶体低6; ～8;.     

一维链状铜配合物的合成、晶体结构与磁性研究

用溶液法合成了一维配合物 [Cu(NPG)2(H2O)2]·CH3CH2OH (HNPG=邻苯二甲酰甘氨酸),并对其进行了元素分析,红外光谱,热重分析,磁性和X射线单晶衍射实验.单晶结构分析表明该晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞系数a= 0.47674(12) nm,b= 0.11319(3) nm,c = 0.11614(3) nm,α = 106.468(4) °,β= 100.114(5) °,γ= 94.358(5) °,V= 0.5864(3) nm3,Z= 1.配合物是由CuO6八面体通过共顶点连接构成一维链状结构,分子间氢键对分子间的结构稳定起到重要的作用;配合物存在弱的反铁磁性.     

多孔氧化镁纤维的制备及其生长机制研究

以硫酸镁(MgSO4)为原料,氢氧化钠(NaOH)为沉淀剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为结构导向剂,采用水热法合成出碱式硫酸镁(MgSQ·5Mg(OH)2·3H2O)纤维,对前驱体进行煅烧获得多孔氧化镁纤维.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、N2吸附-脱附等技术对样品的表征,分析了水热温度、水热时间对氧化镁的孔结构与形貌的影响.结果表明,水热温度和水热时间对前驱体的成分与形貌有较大的影响.在PEG(6000)与Mg物质的量比为0.01∶1的条件下,于140 ℃水热处理20h后进行煅烧可合成结晶良好、孔径在几十至几百个纳米的多孔氧化镁纤维.     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.