纳米金与磁性纳米复合物构建电流型免疫传感器的研究

制备了易于磁性分离、硫堇(Thi)包覆的四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)纳米复合物。通过静电吸附作用,将萘酚(Nafion)、Thi包覆的Fe3O4复合纳米粒子层层修饰到玻碳电极表面,再利用Thi分子中的氨基吸附纳米金,最后固载甲胎蛋白抗体,从而制得灵敏度高、稳定性好的无试剂电流型甲胎蛋白免疫传感器。实验通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)对该复合纳米粒子进行表征,并用循环伏安法考察了电极的电化学特性。结果表明,Fe3O4/Thi复合纳米粒子修饰的电极在实验过程中呈现出良好的氧化还原活性,其检测范围为0.05～20μg/L,检出限为0.03μg/L。     

磁性纳米金共价固定癌胚抗原单克隆抗体的电流型免疫传感器

合成了Fe3O4/Au磁性复合纳米粒子, 在粒子表面通过自组装硫脲分子使表面氨基化, 再用戊二醛共价交联固定癌胚抗原抗体(anti-CEA). 在外加磁场的作用下, 将anti-CEA复合磁性粒子吸附在固体石蜡碳糊电极表面, 制成了新型电流型免疫传感器. 免疫电极在含有癌胚抗原CEA和辣根过氧化物酶标记的癌胚抗原(HRP-CEA)的混合溶液中温育, CEA和HRP-CEA与固定在电极表面的anti-CEA发生竞争反应, 导致HRP对H2O2的催化降解作用的改变, 从而可间接测定CEA. 由于标记的HRP可催化降解H2O2, 导致媒介体间苯二酚浓度改变, 使测定的灵敏度大大提高. 响应电流与CEA质量浓度的对数在2~160 ng/mL的范围内呈线性关系, 检出限为0.57 ng/mL(3σ法). 该免疫传感器具有制作简单、价廉及表面易于更新等特点.     

基于酶-抗体共固定二氧化锆纳米信号探针的瘦肉精安培免疫传感器研究

制备了基于酶-抗体共固定二氧化锆(ZrO2)纳米探针进行信号放大的盐酸特伦克罗瘦肉精(CLB)检测安培免疫传感器。首先,利用ZrO2纳米粒子负载葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose oxidase,GOD)和CLB抗体(Clen-buterol antibody,anti-CLB),制得纳米探针(ZNPs/GOD-anti-CLB signal probe,简称ZNPG)。同时将聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵[Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride),PDDA]、氯化血红素(Hemin)和纳米金(AuNPs)层层组装到多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)修饰的丝网印刷电极(SPCE)表面,制得SPCE│MWCNTs/(PDDA/Hemin/AuNPs)n电流型传感器,可对H2O2产生还原催化电流。检测CLB时,将样品和ZNPG一起加入预先包埋好CLB的96孔板底部。样品CLB与板底CLB共同竞争结合孔溶液中的纳米探针ZNPG。反应结束后加入葡萄糖,板底ZNPG-CLB免疫复合物上的GOD催化葡萄糖氧化产生H2O2,可通过传感器检测。电流下降值(ΔI)与样品CLB成反比,可用于CLB的定量分析。由于ZNPG上具有高的GOD酶标记密度,故可以显著放大检测信号,提高检测灵敏度。在最佳条件下(pH 7.0,温育时间30 min,温育温度37℃),此传感器对CLB的检测范围为0.003～100μg/L,检测下限为1 ng/L,比酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)法灵敏度提高2个数量级,在猪饲料样品中进行加标回收实验,平均回收率达93.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2.5%,精密度好。同时该传感器具有可重复使用、灵敏快速,适合于食物样品中痕量CLB现场检测。     

基于微机电系统技术和纳米金自组装膜的安培型免疫传感器研究

基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术制备安培型免疫传感器,并利用基于硫醇单层膜的纳米金单层膜自组装技术设计传感器界面,用于固定人免疫球蛋白(IgG)抗体,研制了一种新型的安培型免疫传感器。采用MEMS技术,在硅片上制备微型的三电极系统以及SU-8反应池。基于自组装技术,先在金电极上自组装巯基乙胺单层膜,利用膜上氨基与纳米金共价结合组装纳米金单层膜,得到可用于固定抗体的界面。实验探讨了影响抗体固定的主要实验参数和条件;考察了采用此固定化方法传感器的响应性能,与金电极直接吸附固定法和戊二醛共价交联固定法进行了比较。对IgG检测的实验结果表明,采用纳米金自组装膜固定抗体,具有活性高、非特异性吸附小、检测线性范围宽等优点。并且,基于MEMS技术的安培型免疫传感器具有微型化、与集成电路工艺相兼容、易于实现传感器的阵列化和实时多参数检测等优点。     

基于包被包膜糖蛋白抗体纳米金磁性微粒的无试剂安培免疫传感器

在玻碳电极(GCE)表面固定对H2O2有催化还原活性的富马酸二甲酯联吡啶铜(GCE|CuL);再在GCE|CuL表面修饰一层金磁微粒-壳聚糖复合膜(nano Au/Fe3O4/Chit), 进而固定艾滋病毒(HIV)诊断标志物--包膜糖蛋白(gp160)抗体(anti gp160), 由此构建了一类快速检测 gp160的无试剂安培免疫传感器.当该传感器在含gp160溶液中37 ℃下温育30 min后, 传感器表面生成的免疫复合物随gp160浓度的增大而增加, 导致CuL 对H2O2 电催化还原效果降低, 催化电流呈现下降趋势.在PBS溶液(pH 7.0)和-300 mV下, 催化电流的降低值ΔIo与gp160浓度在1～400 μg/L 呈线性关系; 检出限为0.5 μg/L(3σ).研制的免疫传感器检测gp160时, 一步免疫反应即可得结果, 较相同条件下包被gp160抗体的纳米金单分子层修饰电极灵敏度更高, 检测范围更宽, 有望用于艾滋病人血清标志物gp160快速筛测.     

新型磁性纳米电化学DNA生物传感器的研究

利用高分子磁性纳米粒子有效地将磁性分离、富集和化学修饰电极的电化学检测相结合,构建以亚甲基蓝为嵌入式杂交指示剂的电化学DNA生物传感器.此传感器对碱基错配的序列有较好的选择性.传感器对目标序列的响应在1×10-13～1×10-6 mol/L范围内呈线性关系;检出限为4.3×10-14 mol/L.这种新型的高分子磁性纳米粒子电化学DNA生物传感器具有高的灵敏度,其线性范围宽,成本低,为DNA的痕量分析提供了一种新的思路.     

基于碳纳米管/L-半胱氨酸/Fe3O4@Au纳米复合材料的电流型甲胎蛋白免疫传感器的研究

将DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)分散的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)修饰在金电极表面,再将修饰电极依次沉积纳米金和L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys),并通过半胱氨酸中的巯基吸附Fe3O4@Au纳米复合材料,再固载甲胎蛋白抗体(anti-AFP),以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭非特异性吸附位点,构建了高灵敏、稳定的新型电流型甲胎蛋白免疫传感器。实验通过扫描透射电子显微镜(TEM)对DMF-MWNT和Fe3O4@Au复合纳米粒子进行了表征。在优化的实验条件下,此免疫传感器对甲胎蛋白抗原的检测范围为0.1～150μg/L,检出限为0.03μg/L。     

基于Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米粒子修饰丝网印刷电极的微囊藻毒素免疫传感器研究

将核壳型Fe3O4@Au磁性纳米粒子修饰在丝网印刷工作电极表面,再通过纳米金和微囊藻毒素-(亮氨酸-精氨酸)抗体(anti-MCLR)之间的吸附作用,将抗体固定于电极表面,以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭非特异性吸附位点,制得了检测MCLR的电流型免疫传感器。该传感器基于直接竞争的免疫分析模式,以辣根过氧化物酶偶联的微囊藻毒素(MCLR-HRP)为标记物,用差分脉冲伏安法检测微囊藻毒素,在优化的实验条件下,此免疫传感器响应的峰电流值与微囊藻毒素浓度在0.79～12.9μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.38μg/L。对实际水样进行了微囊藻毒素的加标回收实验,回收率在95%～107%之间。此免疫传感器具有测定速度快、灵敏高、携带方便等优点。     

高灵敏甲胎蛋白夹心免疫传感器的制备

构建了新型甲胎蛋白(AFP)夹心免疫传感器.采用金纳米粒子-氧化石墨烯-普鲁士蓝纳米立方体(AuNP-GO-PBNCs)纳米复合材料标记甲胎蛋白(AFP)二抗,将制备的金-聚多巴胺-四氧化三铁(Au-PDA-Fe3O4)磁性纳米复合物固定在自制的磁性电极表面,通过吸附作用固定AFP一抗,用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)封闭电极上的非特异性吸附位点.在37℃下与AFP抗原溶液孵育50 min,最后将电极放入AuNP-GO-PBNCs纳米复合材料标记的二抗溶液中孵育,基于此建立了采用普鲁士蓝(PB)标记的的夹心免疫传感器检测AFP的方法.在最佳实验条件下,PB催化H2O2氧化的响应电流与AFP的浓度表现出两段线性关系,线性范围分别为0.005~1.000 ng/mL和1~20 ng/mL, 检出限(LOD, S/N=3)为1.0 pg/mL.本方法具有灵敏度高、选择性好的特点.     

基于磁性碳纳米管修饰印刷电极的无酶型HIV p24安培免疫传感器

在多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)表面固定Fe3O4(核)/Au(壳)纳米微粒(GMP),使其具有超顺磁性,包被p24抗体(anti p24),制得检测探针(MWNTs-GMP/anti p24);在磁场作用下将此探针吸附于N,N'-双(2-羟基苯亚甲基)邻苯二胺合铜(CuRb)修饰的碳基丝网印刷电极(SPCE|CuRb)表面,制得了免疫传感电极(SPCE|CuRb/MWNTs-GMP/anti p24)。当此电极在含p24样本中于室温下温育15min后,随p24浓度的增加在电极表面生成的免疫复合物增加,导致CuRb对H2O2的催化还原电流下降。在含5mmol/L H2O2的PBS(pH7.0)中和-300mV下,催化还原电流降低值ΔIo与p24浓度在0.6～160μg/L呈线性关系;检出限为0.32μg/L(3σ)。将其用于实际样品检测,结果与标准EILSA方法一致。由于MWNTs-GMP/anti p24具有超顺磁性,并可以显著提高电极比表面积及anti p24负载量,而CuRb代替易失活的HRP酶,使得该传感器灵敏度和稳定性俱佳,电极表面可更新,可用于艾滋病人血清中p24筛测。     

Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide Using a Novel Sensor Based on Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation with sodium citrate as a surfactant and were used with chitosan to construct a novel hydrogen peroxide sensor. The electrochemical behavior of hydrogen peroxide at the sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The composite film electrocatalyzed the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, and the peak current increased linearly with concentration from 1.00 × 10^?5 to 1.00 × 10^?3 mol · L^?1 (R = 0.9974) with a detection limit of 1.53 × 10^?6 mol · L^?1. This novel nonenzyme sensor provided good sensitivity, stability, and precision with potential applications.     

Amperometric Immunosensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles/Fe3O4-FCNTs-CS Composite Film Functionalized Interface for Carbofuran Detection

In this paper, a novel amperometric immunosensor for the determination of carbofuran based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs), magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes-chitosan (Fe₃O₄-FCNTs-CS), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) composite film was proposed. First, GNPs were immobilized onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, and then the magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles mixed with chitosan-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (CS-FCNTs) homogeneous composite (CS-FCNTs-Fe₃O₄) was immobilized onto the GNPs layer by electrostatic interactions between amino groups of CS and GNPs. Because chitosan (CS) contains many amino groups, it can absorb more antibodies. FCNTs have high surface area, high electrical conductivity, and it can enhance the electron transfer rate; Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles can provide a favorable microenvironment for biomolecules immobilization due to their good biocompatibility, strong superparamagnetic property, and low toxicity; and GNPs possess high surface-to-volume reaction, stability, and high conductivity. Gold Nanoparticles/Fe₃O₄-FCNTs-CS composite film was constructed onto the GCE surface, which had significant synergistic effects toward immunoreaction signal amplification. The stepwise assembly process was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the current response was proportional to the concentration of carbofuran ranging from 1.0 ng/mL to 100.0 ng/mL and from 100.0 ng/mL to 200 µg/mL with the detection limit 0.032 ng/mL. The proposed immunosensor exhibited good accuracy, high sensitivity, and stability, and it can be used for detection of carbofuran pesticide.     

Magnetic Fe3O4@Au composite-enhanced surface plasmon resonance for ultrasensitive detection of magnetic nanoparticle-enriched α-fetoprotein

Small molecules or analytes present at low concentrations are difficult to detect directly using conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques because only small changes in the refractive index of the medium are typically induced by the binding of these analytes. Here, we present an amplification technique using core–shell Fe₃O₄@Au magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for an SPR bioassay. To evaluate this amplification effect, a novel SPR sensor based on a sandwich immunoassay was developed to detect α-fetoprotein (AFP) by immobilizing a primary AFP antibody (Ab₁) on the surface of a 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate/chitosan-ferrocene/Au NP (MPS/CS-Fc/Au NP) film employing Fe₃O₄@Au–AFP secondary antibody conjugates (Fe₃O₄@Au–Ab₂) as the amplification reagent. The stepwise fabrication of the biosensor was characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. A calibration curve of Fe₃O₄@Au–Ab₂ conjugates amplification for AFP detection was obtained to yield a correlation in the range of 1.0–200.0 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.65 ng mL⁻¹, and a significant increase in sensitivity was therefore afforded through the use of Fe₃O₄@Au–Ab₂ conjugates as an amplifier. This magnetic separation and amplification strategy has great potential for the detection of other biomolecules of interest with low interference and high sensitivity by changing the antibody label used in the Fe₃O₄@Au–antibody conjugates.     

Controlled assembly of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on electrospun PU nanofibrous membrane: A novel heat-generating substrate for magnetic hyperthermia application

A facile method of fabricating novel heat-generating membranes composed of electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibers decorated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. Electrospinning was used to produce polymeric nanofibrous matrix, whereas polyol immersion technique allowed in situ assembly of well-dispersed Fe₃O₄ NPs on the nanofibrous membranes without any surfactant, and without sensitizing and stabilizing reagent. The assembly phenomena can be explained by the hydrogen-bonding interactions between the amide groups in the PU matrix and the hydroxyl groups capped on the surface of the Fe₃O₄ NPs. The prepared nanocomposite fibers showed acceptable magnetization value of 33.12 emu/g, after measuring the magnetic hysteresis loops using SQUID. Moreover, the inductive heating property of electrospun magnetic nanofibrous membranes under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field was investigated. We observed a progressive increase in the heating rate with the increase in the amount of magnetic Fe₃O₄ NPs in/on the membranes. The present electrospun magnetic nanofibrous membrane may be a potential candidate as a novel heat-generating substrate for localized hyperthermia cancer therapy.     

A novel amperometric immunosensor based on Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan composite film for determination of ferritin

A novel amperometric immunosensor was developed by immobilizing ferritin antibody (FeAb) on the surface of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles/chitosan composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). This material combined the advantages of inorganic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with the organic polymer chitosan. The stepwise assembly procedure of the immunosensor was characterized by means of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and ac impedance. The K₃Fe(CN)₆/K₄Fe(CN)₆ was used as a marker to probe the interface and to determinate ferritin. The factors that could influence the performance of the resulting immunosensor were studied in detail. After the immunosensor was incubated with ferritin for 32 min at 35 °C, the DPV current decreased linearly with the logarithm of ferritin concentration in the range from 20 to 500 ng mL⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient of 0.995 and a detection limit of 7.0 ng mL⁻¹. This immunosensor was used to analyze ferritin in human serum samples. The analytical results showed that the developed immunoassay was comparable with the radioimmunoassay (RIA), and the studied immunosensor exhibited good accuracy, high sensitivity, and long-term stability for 3 weeks, which implies a promising alternative approach for detecting ferritin in clinical diagnosis.     

空心结构磁性固体碱催化剂Fe3O4@LDO的制备与性能

基于水滑石类化合物的复合氧化物(LDO)是一类性能优异的固体碱催化剂,对其进行改性和功能化引起了越来越多的关注。本文将空心结构和Fe_3O_4引入到镁铝复合氧化物中,制备了一种空心结构磁性固体碱催化剂Fe_3O_4@LDO。这种空心结构磁性固体碱催化剂粒子具有以镁铝复合氧化物为壳层,空心Fe_3O_4为核的核壳结构。由于其独特的空心结构,Fe_3O_4@LDO粒子的悬浊液具有良好的稳定性,将其应用于催化Knoevenagel缩合反应,达到平衡后苯甲醛的转化率约为62%,显示出较好的催化性能。同时,Fe_3O_4@LDO粒子具有较强的磁性,非常方便分离与回收,是一种性能优良的磁性固体碱催化剂。     

磁性Fe3O4微粒表面有机改性

在分散聚合法制备复合磁性微球过程中,采用硅烷偶联剂KH 570对磁性Fe3O4微粒进行表面改性.红外光谱(FTIR)、光电子能谱(XPS)分析结果表明,偶联剂与磁性微粒表面以化学键形式结合.改性后,Fe3O4微粒与单体及其聚合物之间具有良好的亲和性,采用改性后的磁性微粒可以显著改善磁性微球的性能指标.     

磁性Fe3O4 /壳聚糖的化学修饰及包覆机理研究

Nano-sized Fe₃O₄ powder was prepared through an Oxygenation-Hydrothermal method. The chitosan magnetic complex was prepared by coating chitosan on the surface of Fe₃O₄ powders through Microlatex-Crosslinking Method. The product was characterized by IR， XRD， TEM， Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)， TG methods. Results show that the as-prepared powder is 25 nm in size and shows supermagnetism. The content of magnetite in microspheres is 37.8%. The mechanism for the coating reaction of chitosan to Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles is also suggested.