Adsorption behaviour of some metal ions and their oxinates on Zeokarb-226

Summary To develop a preconcentration technique for trace elements in aqueous solution, the adsorption behaviour of some metal ions and their oxinates on a weak carboxylic acid resin (Zeokarb-226) in the H⁺ form was investigated. Results indicate that under the conditions of the experiment, the resin behaves like a chelating ion-exchanger and that by selecting appropriate conditions, a group of ions such as U(VI), Th(IV), Pb(II), Hg(II), Fe(III) may be separated from many other ions.

---

Adsorptionsverhalten einiger Metallionen und ihrer Oxinate an Zeokarb-226

Zusammenfassung Das Adsorptionsverhalten einiger Metallionen und ihrer Oxinate an dem schwachen Carbonsäureharz Zeokarb-226 (H⁺-Form) wurde untersucht, um ein Anreicherungsverfahren für Spurenelemente in wäßriger Lösung zu entwickeln. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich das Harz unter den gegebenen Bedingungen als Chelataustauscher verhält und geeignet ist für die selektive Anreicherung von z.B. U(VI), Th(IV), Pb(II), Hg(II) und Fe(III).

     

Adsorption of metal ions on crosslinked poly(4-vinylpyridine) resins prepared with a metal ion as template

Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) was crosslinked with 1,4-dibromobutane with a metal ion as template. The adsorption behavior of copper, cobalt, zinc, and cadmium ions on the obtained resin (DBQP) was studied. The DBQP resin prepared with a metal ion as template preferentially adsorbed the metal ion used as template. The stability constant of the copper complex of DBQP was largest for the DBQP resin prepared with a copper ion as template, which was due to its large entropy change for the complexation.     

Influence of metal ions on antioxidant behaviour in polypropylene

The effect of Cr(III), Fe(III) and Cu(II) ions, at trace levels, on the effectiveness of four commercial antioxidant systems, viz. Topanol, Santowhite, Hostanox 03 and Irganox 1425, in polypropylene (PP) films is examined using infra-red and second-order derivative uv spectroscopy. The results show that at these levels the metal ions have a minor effect on the unstabilised polymer. However, the ions can have a beneficial or adverse effect on antioxidant activity, particularly under oven ageing conditions. The observed effect depends on the metal/antioxidant system, and is attributed to an indirect interaction between the components which can delay or accelerate antioxidant decomposition in the polymer. An exception to this behaviour is the metal complex Irganox 1425, which interacts strongly with copper ions in the polymer matrix. The antioxidant is partially transformed by copper ions during the compression moulding stage. The beneficial effect present in some cases is in direct contrast with what has generally been observed in studies using unstabilised polymers.     

Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents

The article focuses on adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents such as clay minerals, metal (hydr)oxides, and soil organic matter. Empirical and mechanistic model approaches for heavy metal adsorption and parameter determination in such models have been reviewed. Sorption mechanisms in soils, the influence of surface functional groups and surface complexation as well as parameters influencing adsorption are discussed. The individual adsorption behavior of Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn and Co on soils and soil constituents is reviewed.     

Adsorption of heavy metal ions to floc-type biosorbents

Adsorption of cadmium and lead ions to floc-type biosorbents was reported in this work. Two types of biosorbents containing a marine microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada, or a purple non-sulfur bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, were prepared. The micro-organisms inactivated by steam sterilization were immobilized in casein floc and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. In the present immobilizing method, we obtained the biosorbents comprising as much as 67% of micro-organism on a dry-weight basis. Simple metal-binding models were applied to explain the adsorption mechanism of bivalent metal ions to the biosorbents. The results showed that casein acted as both the immobilizing material and the adsorbent material. The adsorption of bivalent metal ions to the biosorbents was due to bidentate binding to the acidic sites on casein and monodentate binding to the acidic sites on micro-organisms. The metal-binding constants and the binding capacities of micro-organisms were scarcely influenced by immobilization.     

Adsorption of univalent and bivalent metal nitrates on hydrous lead dioxide Adsorption behaviour of potassium, cupric, zinc, cadmium and nitrate ions

The individual adsorption behaviour of potassium, cupric, zinc, cadmium and nitrate ions on hydrous lead dioxide (HLD) was investigated. HLD was found to be an amphoteric ion-exchanger with an equi-adsorption point in the vicinity of pH 4.6. For bivalent metal ions, the amount of adsorption increased with pH (at pH > 3) and there was almost 100% adsorption at pH > 6. Both the adsorption capacity and the adsorption affinity on HLD were in the order copper(II) > zinc(II) > cadmium(II).     

Adsorption of heavy metal ions by immobilized phytic acid

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - Phytic acid (myoinositol hexaphosphate) or its calcium salt, phytate, is an important plant constituent. It accounts for up to 85% of total phosphorus in...     

金属离子在多孔硅表面和吸附与电镀过程中金属在多孔硅表面的淀积

刚制备的多孔硅与金属盐溶液接触会产生金属离子在多孔硅表面和吸附现象。实验显示这一现象只发生在新鲜的多孔硅表面, 而存放一月以后的样品不具备此性质。文中把这一现象归因于新鲜的多孔硅表面电子的富集, 溶液中金属离子从多孔硅表面获得电子而附着。多孔硅表面电镀金属过程中, 一定电压下电镀电流密度在起始阶段逐渐下降, 可以用一个指数关系式较好地描述, 在本文中有一个唯象模型予以解释。     

金属离子在多孔硅表面和吸附与电镀过程中金属在多孔硅表面的淀积

刚制备的多孔硅与金属盐溶液接触会产生金属离子在多孔硅表面和吸附现象。实验显示这一现象只发生在新鲜的多孔硅表面, 而存放一月以后的样品不具备此性质。文中把这一现象归因于新鲜的多孔硅表面电子的富集, 溶液中金属离子从多孔硅表面获得电子而附着。多孔硅表面电镀金属过程中, 一定电压下电镀电流密度在起始阶段逐渐下降, 可以用一个指数关系式较好地描述, 在本文中有一个唯象模型予以解释。     

Mechanism and sorption parameters of alkali metal ions on strongly acidic cation exchange resins

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The kinetic performance of strongly acidic sulfonate cation exchange resins towards ions of alkali metals (Li, K, and Na) under static conditions has been...     

Paper chromatographic behaviour of alkali metal ions in phenol-containing solvents

Summary The chromatographic behaviour of all alkali metal ions in phenol saturated with 2M hydrochloric acid has been examined by centrifugal and ascending chromatography. Separation with centrifugal development is about one hundred times more rapid than that obtained by the ascending technique. The shortest separation time achieved in these studies, six minutes, shows that centrifugal chromatography promises to be a useful rapid technique for the separation of short-lived fracium isotopes from a mixture of other alkali metals and for the routine analysis of alkali metals. The different degree of solvation of the cations by phenol, depending upon ionic size, is considered to be mainly responsible for the observed selective distribution of the alkali metal ions on the chromatogram.     

Adsorption of aqueous metal ions on oxygen and nitrogen functionalized nanoporous activated carbons

In this study, the adsorption characteristics of two series of oxygen and nitrogen functionalized activated carbons were investigated. These series were a low nitrogen content (approximately 1 wt % daf) carbon series derived from coconut shell and a high nitrogen content (approximately 8 wt % daf) carbon series derived from polyacrylonitrile. In both series, the oxygen contents were varied over the range approximately 2-22 wt % daf. The porous structures of the functionalized activated carbons were characterized using N(2) (77 K) and CO(2) (273 K) adsorption. Only minor changes in the porous structure were observed in both series. This allowed the effect of changes in functional group concentrations on metal ion adsorption to be studied without major influences due to differences in porous structure characteristics. The surface group characteristics were examined by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, acid/base titrations, and measurement of the point of zero charge (pH(PZC)). The adsorption of aqueous metal ion species, M(2+)(aq), on acidic oxygen functional group sites mainly involves an ion exchange mechanism. The ratios of protons displaced to the amount of M(2+)(aq) metal species adsorbed have a linear relationship for the carbons with pH(PZC) < or = 4.15. Hydrolysis of metal species in solution may affect the adsorption of metal ion species and displacement of protons. In the case of basic carbons, both protons and metal ions are adsorbed on the carbons. The complex nature of competitive adsorption between the proton and metal ion species and the amphoteric character of carbon surfaces are discussed in relation to the mechanism of adsorption.     

Synthesis of thiol chelating resins and their adsorption properties toward heavy metal ions

A series of chelating resins, derived from a macroreticular styrene-divinylbenzene (2%) copolymer beads grafted with various poly(ethylene glycols) HO? (? CH₂? CH₂? O? )_n? H(n = 0, 4, 9, 13) and containing thiol groups as chelating functions, have been synthesized in a three-step reaction sequence. The structure of the functionalized resins was confirmed by IR spectrophotometry, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The complexation behavior of these thiol resins was investigated towards Hg(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) ions in aqueous solution by a batch equilibration technique. The influence of pH on adsorption capacity was also examined. The adsorption values for metal ions' intake followed the order Hg(II) > Cu(II) > Pb(II). The affinity of these polymers towards Hg(II) ions was so high that the total mercury level in the liquid decreased from 20 ppm to below 10 ppb after 2 h of treatment. Polymers can be regenerated by washing with a solution of hydrochloric acid (6N) and 10% by weight of an aqueous solution of thiourea. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Adsorption of graphene oxide/chitosan porous materials for metal ions

Porous graphene oxide/chitosan（PGOC） materials were prepared by a unidirectional freeze-drying method.Their porous structure,mechanical property and adsorption for metal ions were investigated.The results show that the incorporation of graphene oxide（GO） significantly increased the compressive strength of the PGOC materials.The saturated adsorption capacity of Pb²⁺ increased about 31%,up to 99 mg/g when 5 wt%GO was incorporated These biodegradable,nontoxic,efficient PGOC materials will be a potential adsorbent for metal ions in aqueous solution.     

Adsorption of metal ions from solution onto a piezoelectric quartz crystal

Many metal ions are spontaneously adsorbed onto a piezoelectric quartz crystal and change the oscillation frequency. The pH ranges in which the metal ions adsorbed were just below that of precipitate formation as the ‘hydroxides’; frequency changes caused by adsorption were not observed in these pH ranges where the ‘hydroxides’ formed. Cationic organic reagents, such as crystal violet and methylene blue, were also adsorbed on the piezoelectric quartz crystal but non-ionic and anionic organic compounds were not. These results showed that the crystal was negatively charged on the surface.     

Chromatographic behaviour of 47 metal ions on titanium(IV) arsenate papers

Titanium arsenate papers with As/Ti ratios 0.2-2.2 have been prepared and 47 metal ions chromatographed on these papers in 10(-5)-4M nitric acid. The effect of pH and of the Ti/As ratio on the R(f) values has been studied. A new quantity R(i) (R(i) = R(f) on untreated papers minus R(f) on treated papers) has been defined. The effect of the concentration of the loading reagents on the Ti/As ratio of the ion-exchanger precipitated on the papers has been determined Contrary to Alberti, it is shown that Lederer's equation is obeyed by titanium arsenate papers in the sodium form if the activity of Na(+) ions is considered instead of their concentration. It has also been demonstrated that the selectivity sequence for cations on titanium arsenate papers is not the same as that on titanium arsenate columns.     

Anion-exchange behaviour and separation of metal ions on deae-cellulose in oxalic acid media

The anion-exchange behaviour of 30 metal ions on a weakly basic ion-exchanger (DEAE-cellulose) has been investigated in aqueous oxalic acid media over the concentration range 0.0010-0.50 M. There are marked differences in adsorbability between ter- and quadrivalent metal and bivalent metal groups; the system offers good prospects for group separations. The adsorptions are moderate, generally a few orders of magnitude lower than those on Dowex 1 (a strongly basic resin). Procedures for the separations Se(IV)Se(VI); As(III)As(V); multicomponent separations Mn(II)Co(II)Cu(II)Ti(IV)Zr(IV) and Cd(II)Zn(II)Cu(II), are given to demonstrate the versatility of the system.     

Ion exchange behaviour of crystalline niobium antimonate towards alkali metal ions

The potentiometric ion-exchange titrations of niobium antimonate have been performed for the systems Li⁺/H⁺, Na⁺/H⁺, K⁺/H⁺ and NH₄⁺/H⁺. Samples at each step of exchange have been characterised by X-ray diffraction analysis. It is concluded that the alkali metal ion exchange in niobium antimonate occurs without phase transition and the exchanger shows a trifunctional acid behavior. The ion exchange capacity of the material is 3.69 meq g⁻¹. At pH 7 the proton exchange by Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺and NH₄⁺ is 1.05, 1.70, 1.25 and 1.60 meq g⁻¹ respectively. Thus the exchanger produces a wide range of acidities as is found in noncrystalline or semicrystalline ion exchange materials. The column ion-exchange capacity for the univalent metal ions has been determined and compared with those of a batch experiment. The low ion exchange capacity—observed in column operation has been interpreted in terms of slow kinetics of the ion exchange process.     

噻吩在稀土离子改性Y型分子筛上吸附与催化转化研究

以NaY、HY、液相Ce离子交换改性Y分子筛(L-CeY)和稀土离子改性超稳Y分子筛(HRSY-3)为研究对象,运用XRD、N₂吸附、NH₃-TPD和Py-FTIR表征样品的物化性能;采用原位红外光谱技术与程序升温脱附-同步质谱检测联用技术(TPD-MS)研究噻吩在活性中心上的吸附及催化转化行为.结果表明,稀土离子改性不改变分子筛晶体的基本结构但改变其精细结构,并形成一定的介孔,同时降低分子筛强酸位的强度,并生成与稀土离子物种有关的弱L酸位.REY与HY均可通过B酸中心的质子化作用活化噻吩,而稀土离子物种促进氢转移反应及低聚反应的进行,进而利于噻吩裂化反应的进行.