氧化铝/二氧化铈X射线衍射及拉曼光谱研究

钢中氧化铝夹杂物尺寸大小严重影响钢材性能,细化或去除钢中夹杂物备受重视.由于钢中合金元素添加量相对于钢液过少,并在分析过程中存在误差,使用放大夹杂物反应的思路,研究了在高温1600℃时不同比例稀土二氧化铈粉末和氧化铝粉末的添加量对夹杂物的物相变化、尺寸大小的影响.对高温箱式炉设定程序进行升温、保温、随炉冷却,依据测试结...     

氧化铝/氧化镧X射线衍射及拉曼光谱研究

当钢中氧化铝夹杂物的尺寸过大、棱角分明,在线材拉拔为钢丝的过程中可视为主要的裂纹源,会严重影响钢材性能,细化或去除钢中夹杂物备受重视.由于钢中合金元素添加量相对于钢液较小,并在实验及分析的中间过程中存在误差,使用放大夹杂物反应的思路,研究了在高温1600℃时,不同比例稀土氧化镧粉末和氧化铝粉末的添加量对夹杂物的物相变化...     

X-Ray Photoelectron and Raman Spectroscopies,Comparative Studies of Supported Molybdenum Cobalt and Cobalt Molybdenum Catalysts

Laser Raman Spectroscopy is used to study catalysts : Co, Mo or Co-Mo supported on alumina. Well defined salts spectra are compared to those of these solids, which permits to establish superficial structures of cobalt, molybdenum or both.

For molybdenum catalysts, we found two structures depending upon the concentration

isolated MoO^2- ₄ molecular ions at low concentration < 4%

polymolybdate phase at higher concentration

For cobalt catalysts two structures are also observed: - tetrahedrally surrounded co ²+ ions at low concentration Co³O⁴ clusters at higher concentrations

For cobalt-molybdenum (8%) catalysts three cases occur no effect is observable at very low concentration of cobalt (0.5%)

a well defined compound appears for Co/Mo atomic ratio 0.25

when the cobalt concentration increases a third structure is observed but not identified

All these results are compared to X Ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies and are in good agreement with them.     

Study of Slavic Parchment by Raman and Luminescence Spectroscopies

Optics and Spectroscopy - The paper investigates a pigments palette founded at handwritten parchment fragment no. 29 from the collection of Finnish excerpts (the Russian Academy of Sciences Library...     

乙醇热液合成羟基磷灰石粉末的X射线衍射和拉曼光谱分析

为探索热液条件下羟基磷灰石的结晶特点,以氢氧化钙和磷酸中和反应所获沉淀为前驱物,以乙醇为介质在85、100、140℃进行了醇热反应实验。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对实验样品进行了表征。结果表明,醇热反应能获得结晶良好的羟基磷灰石纳米晶,升高反应温度和延长反应时间有利于羟基磷灰石HAP晶相的生成和晶粒度长大,其中反应温度对产物的晶体结构影响明显。不同反应条件获得的样品的拉曼光谱差异较大,随着反应温度的提高,拉曼光谱先出现PO4四面体的对称伸缩振动,再出现PO4四面体的反对称伸缩振动,最后出现PO4四面体变角振动。     

汶川地震带断层泥X射线衍射和红外光谱分析

汶川地震在北川县擂鼓镇和赵家沟村一带产生了一系列的同震地表破裂带,采集破裂带内的同震断层泥,同时采集了平武县南坝镇断裂带中的老断层泥。采用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱对新老断层泥样品进行测试,综合分析其矿物成分、粘土矿物含量及组合等特征。分析结果显示新老断层泥的矿物成分存在较为明显的差异,老断层泥主要由围岩的碎屑或碎粉组成,而新鲜断层泥的主要成分则为粘土矿物。其中新鲜断层泥中的粘土矿物成分主要为伊利石、蒙脱石和伊蒙混层,这一粘土矿物组合表明断层活动的演化环境主要为温暖湿润的环境,粘土矿物所受构造应力变质作用主要表现为低温低压的浅变质作用,这也一定程度上指示了该区域断层最新的活动方式可能是蠕移。前人对汶川地震带断层泥的研究主要集中在其力学性质和结构以及构造方面,而本文的研究则主要通过断层泥中矿物成分和粘土矿物含量的特征来判定断层活动的物理化学环境,这对于断层环境演化和地震的活动机制研究具有重要的科学意义。     

二维点阵的软X射线衍射实验研究

以光刻胶作为探测器,用3.2nm的X射线进行了二维点阵测试样品的软X射线衍射实验,记录了探测器和样品间隔分别为0、2mm和80mm时的图像,并用光学显微镜放大观察。实验结果表明,探测器记录的图像与探测 和样品之间的距离有关,即随探测器和样品之间距离的变化而变化。这与理论模拟的结果一致。     

红外光谱法及单晶X衍射法研究Fe(Ⅲ)水解形态分布

采用Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了聚铁絮凝剂中不同pH值的Fe(a),Fe(b),Fe(c)的稳定性。结果表明,Fe(b)不稳定,10～15 d后全部转化为Fe(c),Fe(c)的含量经10～15 d后趋于稳定,Fe(a)的含量10 d后也趋于稳定。采用常温长时间结晶法从Fe(Ⅲ)-SO2-₄水溶液中制备出了单晶,并用红外光谱法及单晶X射线衍射法研究了所得单晶的结构。研究显示,从低pH值(pH 0.5左右)的Fe(Ⅲ)溶液中所得单晶中没有Fe—OH—Fe基团、Fe—OH基团、Fe的二聚羟基络合基团,仅为Fe(Ⅲ)离子形态的单晶,以氨水为碱化剂时其单晶化学式为Fe(H₂O)₆ (SO₄)₂NH₄·6H₂O。采用常温长时间结晶法,随水分的不断蒸发,不同初始pH值及不同碱化剂的Fe(Ⅲ)溶液一般都在pH 0.5左右结晶,还由于铁盐水解形态不稳定等原因引起。在低pH值下难以得到Fe(Ⅲ)的羟基络合物或聚合体单晶。实验研究显示,在絮凝剂水解形态研究中,红外光谱法、单晶X射线衍射法均有良好的应用前景。     

High Pressure X-Ray Absorption and Diffraction Study of InAs

We have performed X-ray absorption (XAS) and diffraction (XRD) measurements at high pressure on samples of powdered InAs, up to 50 and 80 GPa, respectively. In the lower pressure range, our data are consistent with the following structural sequence: Zincblende M NaCl M Cmcm . The first order transition from the semiconducting Zincblende phase to the metallic NaCl phase is clearly seen by the shift in the absorption onset at the As K-edge and the strong modifications of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) due to the changes in the local structure from a 4-fold to a 6-fold coordinated environment. XAS shows the high pressure phase to be locally site-ordered. The diffraction data, analized by Rietveld fitting, gives a volume discontinuity of j V/V 0 ～0.18 for the first order transition. There is no apparent volume discontinuity associated to the NaCl M Cmcm transition.     

Radial X-Ray Diffraction Study of Static Strength of Tantalum to 80 GPa

We study the strength and texture of tantalum(Ta) under uniaxial compression up to 80 GPa using an angledispersive radial x-ray diffraction technique together with the lattice strain theory in a diamond anvil cell at ambient temperature. The ratio of differential stress to shear modulus(t/G) is found to remain constant above～60 GPa, indicating that the Ta starts to experience macro yield with plastic deformation at this pressure.Combined with independent constraints on the high-pressure shear modulus, we find that the Ta sample could support a differential stress of～4.67 GPa when it starts to yield with plastic deformation at～60 GPa under uniaxial compression. The differential stress in Ta ranges from 0.216 GPa to 4.67 GPa with pressure increasing from 1 GPa to 60 GPa and can be expressed as t-0.199(33)十 0.075(1)P, where P is the pressure in GPa. A maximum differential stress as high as～5.37 GPa can be supported by Ta at the high pressure of～80 GPa. In addition, we investigate the texture of Ta under nonhydrostatic compression to 80 GPa using the software package material analysis using diffraction. It is proven that the plastic deformation due to stress under high pressures is responsible for the development of texture.     

Infrared and Raman Study of Benzocaine Hydrochloride

The infrared and laser Raman spectra (100-4000 cm¹) of benzocaine hydrochloride were recorded and its vibrations analysed. A theoretical spectrum with the AM1 semiempirical method was calculated. An infrared study with the temperature was also made. From the experimental data, the torsion and inversion barriers of amine group were calculated.     

质子交换LiNbO3光波导的特性研究

采用X射线衍射谱法和红外吸收光谱法对质子交换和退火质子交换LiNbO3光波导的特性进行了研究.研究结果表明:在LiNbO3晶体衬底X射线衍射主峰的左侧出现质子交换LiNbO3光波导的伴峰,则质子交换使光波导层Li1-xHxNbO3的晶格常数比衬底的晶格常数稍大,产生垂直于表面的应变,波导经过退火后,伴峰向主峰靠近,应变减少.质子交换波导中的OH-基团的红外吸收光谱在3 500和3 300 cm-1处存在特征峰,波导经过退火后,3 300 cm-1处的特征峰基本消失,而3 500 cm-1处的吸收强度基本不变.实验还表明,OH-在3 500 cm-1处吸收带的积分面积基本与交换时间的开方呈正比例关系.     

高压下铁的电导率及X射线衍射研究

 用四点电极法及磁控溅射结合光刻集成电极的方法，测量了铁在25 GPa压力下的电阻随压力的变化；用微区X射线衍射仪原位测量了铁在25 GPa压力下晶胞参数随压力的变化关系。实验结果表明，铁在13.7 GPa时发生相变，由体心立方相转变为六方密堆相，在18.1 GPa时相变结束。利用高压下铁的电阻数据，结合X射线衍射结果，推导出铁的电导率随压力的变化关系。     

田黄的红外与拉曼光谱研究

对中国寿山田黄石进行了X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、红外光谱和拉曼光谱测试, 以获得田黄的谱学特征。研究表明田黄有地开石质、珍珠陶石质和伊利石质三类,其红外特征吸收峰分别为3 621,3 629和3 631 cm-1,拉曼特征峰分别为3 626,3 627和3 632 cm-1,3 550～3 750 cm-1间OH振动所致拉曼谱峰与红外结果一致。地开石质田黄含无序、有序两类,无序地开石OH3振动吸收峰相对有序地开石向低波数方向移动8 cm-1,相对强度增强,无序结构可能与高含量的Fe有关。3 550～3 750 cm-1间地开石OH振动红外吸收峰强于珍珠陶石,表现为珍珠陶石质田黄的红外光谱明显叠加有副矿物地开石的强吸收峰。伊利石质田黄主要为2M₁型伊利石,并含有少量1M型伊利石。这些特征为科学鉴定田黄提供了理论依据。     

The Role of Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis in the Investigation of the Influence of Fluorides on the Process of Calcination of Aluminium Hydroxide

The aim of this work was to check the possibility that by use of infrared spectroscopy the influence of fluorides on the calcinations process of aluminum hydroxide can be followed. The DTA method shows it clearly. It was, namely, found that the added fluoride influences the process of polymorphous transformation of the formation of α-Al₂O₃ from Al(OH)₃. According to DTA, IR, and X-ray analyses, it was found that the added fluoride lowers the temperature of the mentioned transformation for some 300 degrees.

For this purpose recorded were IR spectra and X-ray difractograms of pure AI(OH)3 as well as of such samples with added fluoride, in this case of AlF₃, in the range of 0. 1 to 10 per cent. The samples were examined in the temperature range of 298 to 1673 K in different time intervals.     

X射线衍射法在泌尿系结石研究中的应用

泌尿系结石是一种世界范围的常见病、多发病。准确分析尿石的化学成分和物相,有助于了解泌尿系结石的形成机制。X射线衍射法(XRD)是进行泌尿系结石研究的最重要方法之一,用作定性分析时具有可靠性,用作定量分析时具有准确性,且检测简便迅速、灵敏度高、多组分和多晶态可一次性检测。文章综述了XRD在泌尿系结石定性和定量分析中的应用以及XRD与质子激发X射线发射光谱(PIXE)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等联合分析尿石的研究进展。     

氮化铝纳米线的高压同步辐射研究

利用金刚石对顶砧和同步辐射光源,对用电弧法制备的、具有纤锌矿结构的氮化铝(AlN)纳米线进行了最高压力达51.1 GPa的原位角散X射线衍射研究。结果表明:当压力上升至24.9 GPa时,纤锌矿结构的AlN纳米线开始向岩盐矿结构转变;当完全卸压后,最终的岩盐矿结构被保留下来;纤锌矿AlN纳米线的轴向比例c/a随压力增加而线性减小。AlN纳米线独特的线状结构决定了其区别于AlN微晶和AlN纳米晶的高压行为。