共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
细菌内毒素(LPS)是革兰氏阳性阴性菌细胞外膜层的主要成分,由其引起的革兰氏阴性杆菌脓度症和休克是导致战创伤病人死亡的主要原因之一。而从类脂A(LipidA)的结构出发,以非肽类物质拮抗内毒素受体CD-14为治疗手段的研究在国外刚刚起步。2-乙酰氨基-3,4,6-三乙酰葡萄糖是合成LipidA结构类似物的重要中间体[1,2]。它的合成一般是通过氨基葡萄糖五乙酸酯的选择性水解[3-6]脱去一个乙酰基得到。氨基葡萄糖五乙酸酯是通过氨基葡萄糖的乙酰化反应得到的,由于氨基葡萄糖不稳定,一般是用氨基葡萄糖的盐酸盐作为起始原料。由于… 相似文献
2.
电活性菌将电子从胞内转移至胞外电子受体或者将胞外电子转移至胞内的过程为胞外电子传递,其在微生物群落间的电子传递及元素的地球化学循环过程中发挥重要作用。电活性菌的胞外电子传递研究前期主要集中于革兰氏阴性菌,由于革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌的膜结构/厚度明显不同,因此二者的电子跨膜传递途径差异明显。革兰氏阳性菌因分布广泛且可在高温、低pH、高pH和高盐等环境中生存,其电活性和电子传递机制也逐渐引起关注。本文归纳总结了革兰氏阳性电活性菌的电子传递类型,基于厚壁菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门的分类阐述胞外电子传递的研究进展,分析了革兰氏阳性电活性菌在污染物降解、生物能源和工业制品合成等方面的应用,并展望了未来的发展方向。 相似文献
3.
过渡金属胱氨酸水杨醛Schiff碱配合物的合成及抑菌活性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
合成了三种胱氨酸水杨醛Schiff碱H2Cys-sal过渡金属配合物[Cu(Cys-sal)、Co(Cys-sal)、Mn(Cys-sal)];利用元素分析、紫外光谱、红外光谱、摩尔电导测定了其组成和结构;利用荧光光谱评价了其荧光特性,利用生物活性试验测定了其生物活性.结果表明,三种配合物都能强烈猝灭牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的内源荧光;配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.Aureus,革兰氏阳性菌),大肠杆菌(E.Coli,革兰氏阴性菌),枯草杆菌(B.Subtilis,革兰氏阳性菌),绿脓杆菌(P.Aeruginosa,革兰氏阴性菌)均有不同程度的抑菌作用. 相似文献
4.
种子生长法合成纵向表面等离子体共振吸收峰为785 nm的金纳米棒,并对其表面进行聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,研究了表面修饰PEG的金纳米棒(polyethylene glycol modified gold nanorods,PEG-GNR)的光热转化效应,并测试了其细胞毒性.以革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阴性菌大肠埃希氏菌及铜绿假单胞菌为细菌模型,详细研究了PEG-GNR在808 nm波长近红外激光照射下金纳米棒浓度和照射功率对抑菌效果的影响.结果表明,PEG-GNR对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌在近红外照射下均有较好的抑菌效果,并且抑菌效果与金纳米棒的浓度和照射功率有着密切的关系;结合荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜对细菌坏死状况的观察,初步证实细菌对PEG-GNR有效吸收是近红外光热杀菌的关键因素. 相似文献
5.
种子生长法合成纵向表面等离子体共振吸收峰为785 nm的金纳米棒,并对其表面进行聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰,研究了表面修饰PEG的金纳米棒(polyethylene glycol modified gold nanorods,PEG-GNR)的光热转化效应,并测试了其细胞毒性。以革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌,革兰氏阴性菌大肠埃希氏菌及铜绿假单胞菌为细菌模型,详细研究了PEG-GNR在808nm波长近红外激光照射下金纳米棒浓度和照射功率对抑菌效果的影响。结果表明,PEG-GNR对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌在近红外照射下均有较好的抑菌效果,并且抑菌效果与金纳米棒的浓度和照射功率有着密切的关系;结合荧光显微镜和透射电子显微镜对细菌坏死状况的观察,初步证实细菌对PEG-GNR有效吸收是近红外光热杀菌的关键因素。 相似文献
6.
吖啶红褪色光度法测定加替沙星的含量 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
加替沙星(Gatifloxacin)是由日本杏林制药公司最早开发研制,1999年12月BMS公司在美国首次上市的氟喹诺酮类抗菌药,该药具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、光毒性低等特点,对革兰氏阴性菌和革兰氏阳性菌均有较好的疗效,主要用于呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、皮肤和软组织感染等的治疗。目前 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
以琼脂糖凝胶为载体, 二甲胺为配体, 制备了β-OH, γ-OH和β-SH吸附剂. 通过对水相中内毒素的动、静态吸附探索有效的吸附剂结构. 研究结果显示, 吸附剂对内毒素的清除率随配体结构的不同呈现出较大差异, 其中β-OH吸附剂的清除效果最好, 达到90.7%. 运用计算机模拟方法提出了β-OH吸附剂与内毒素作用的模型, 阐明静电力是影响吸附性能的主要因素, 同时氢键的协同和空间位阻效应也不可忽视. 相似文献
13.
M Tsuchiya H Oishi A Takaoka M Fusamoto S Matsuura 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》1990,38(9):2523-2526
A procedure for the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test discriminating between endotoxin and (1----3)-beta-D-glucan based on the turbidimetric kinetic method was proposed. Endotoxin and (1----3)-beta-D-glucan, which are elicitors of the activation of LAL, showed different reaction courses with this lysate. To analyze the difference in the reactions, two parameters, the maximum differential coefficient of the reaction (Dmax) and the reaction time required to obtain Dmax (Tp) were defined. The logarithmic plottings of Tp versus Dmax (Tp-Dmax plot) discriminated between endotoxin and (1----3)-beta-D-glucan. Endotoxin was measured with a standard curve plotting logarithmic endotoxin concentration versus Dmax (ET-Dmax plot). The endotoxin calculated from Dmax was less influenced by (1----3)-beta-D-glucan than that calculated from the usual gelation time. A small amount of endotoxin in a sample could be concealed by the addition of polymyxin B, which inhibited the activation of LAL by endotoxin. (1----3)-beta-D-glucan was measured without being affected by the presence of a small amount of endotoxin using LAL with polymyxin B. The following procedure is proposed as a LAL test to discriminate between endotoxin and (1----3)-beta-D-glucan. (1) Identify the main substance (endotoxin or (1----3)-beta-D-glucan) triggering the activation of LAL using the Tp-Dmax plot. (2) Use the appropriate method to measure the main substance: the ET-Dmax plot for endotoxin or the LAL with polymyxin B for (1----3)-beta-D-glucan. 相似文献
14.
15.
Bacterial endotoxins are lipopolysaccharides bound to the bacterial cell wall and released when bacteria rupture or disintegrate. Possible contamination of endotoxin in ophthalmic devices can cause a painful eye inflammation or result in toxic anterior segment syndrome after cataract surgery. Measurement of bacterial endotoxin in medical device materials is difficult since endotoxin binds with polymer matrix and some of the materials are very viscous and non-water soluble, where traditional enzyme-based Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay cannot be applied. Here we propose a rapid and high throughput ambient ionization mass spectrometric (MS) method using direct analysis in real time (DART) for the evaluation of endotoxin contamination in medical device materials. Large and structurally complex endotoxin instantaneously breaks down into low-mass characteristic fragment ions using DART and is detected by MS in both positive and negative ion modes. This method enables the identification and separation of endotoxin from medical materials with a detection limit of 0.03 ng mL−1 endotoxins in aqueous solution. Ophthalmic viscosurgical device materials including sodium hyaluronate (NaHA), non-water soluble perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) and silicone oil (SO) were spiked with different known concentrations of endotoxin and analyzed by DART MS, where the presence of endotoxin was successfully detected and featured small mass fragment ions were generated for NaHA, PFO and SO as well. Current findings showed the feasibility of measuring endotoxin contamination in medical device materials using DART-MS, which can lead to a one-step analysis of endotoxins in different matrices, avoiding any potential contamination during sample pre-treatment steps. 相似文献
16.
C Hirayama M Sakata Y Ohkura H Ihara K Ohkuma 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》1992,40(8):2106-2109
Attempts were made to prepare adsorbents having a high affinity for endotoxin in the culture supernatant of Bordetella pertussis. When poly(gamma-methyl L-glutamate) (PMLG) was used as a matrix and amino groups as the ligand, the highest affinity for endotoxin was attained even at a high ionic strength (mu = 0.2-0.4). PMLG beads containing amino groups of about 3.2 meq/g selectively removed endotoxin from the culture supernatant of B. pertussis without affecting the protective antigens. It was demonstrated that 1 ml of the wet adsorbent adsorbed 4.5 mg of endotoxin. The beads of PMLG derivatives, therefore, are considered to be a useful adsorbent for the removal of endotoxin from the pertussis vaccine, affecting neither filamentous hemagglutinin nor pertussis toxin. 相似文献
17.
M Nawata S Minobe M Hase T Watanabe T Sato T Tosa 《Journal of chromatography. A》1992,597(1-2):415-424
The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test is inhibited or enhanced by many substances. In order to overcome this problem, a specific endotoxin assay method using a membrane filter unit, a chromogenic LAL reagent, and immobilized histidine (which is a specific adsorbent for endotoxins) was developed. Endotoxins are quantitatively adsorbed on immobilized histidine. The adsorbed endotoxins are separated from LAL-inhibiting or -enhancing substances by the membrane filter unit, and their activities are directly assayed with the LAL reagent in a filter cup without any inhibition or enhancement. The reproducibility and the accuracy of this method are high. This new endotoxin assay method using immobilized histidine can be used for the determination of endotoxins in a solution containing LAL-inhibiting or -enhancing substances such as amino acids and antibiotics, as an alternative to the more common gel-clot technique. 相似文献
18.
应用计算机模拟的方法研究了内毒素吸附剂的吸附机理. 模拟结果显示, 以二甲胺为配体的吸附剂, 当β位存在羟基时, 此羟基可与内毒素分子间形成氢键, 并形成一个八元环的稳定结构. 此时吸附剂与内毒素之间存在静电、 氢键、 疏水相互作用和八元环的协同作用. 同时模拟了羟基位于配体不同位置的吸附剂与内毒素的相互作用. 结果表明, 静电作用为主要的相互作用力, 羟基的位置对吸附剂的吸附能力影响显著. 相似文献
19.
20.
血液灌流用内毒素吸附材料研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
内毒素血症是败血症致死率极高的主要原因之一,迅速并有效地清除患者体内的内毒素,是临床医学面临的一个难题.用血液灌流的方法,选用有效的吸附剂,通过体外循环从血液中直接清除内毒素,受到了人们越来越多的关注.国内外研究者已开始研究利用该方法治疗内毒素血症,用活性炭 相似文献