近红外光谱法测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁、钙和柠檬酸根的含量

采用近红外光谱法测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁、钙和柠檬酸根的含量。用近红外光谱法对163个具有代表性卷烟纸样品进行测定,利用偏最小二乘法建立了卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁、钙和柠檬酸根的数学定量模型。结果表明:当卷烟纸重叠张数为15张及以上时,近红外漫反射扫描光谱无明显差异;各模型相关系数分别为0.949 6,0.982 5,0.958 1,0.930 0,0.987 9;模型交互验证均方根误差分别为0.245,0.415,0.050 5,3.08,0.533;模型外部验证平均相对偏差分别为6.63%,4.87%,6.03%,2.31%,4.58%。t-检验结果表明:5种组分显著性水平均大于0.05,预测值与测定值不存在显著性差异。     

超声/消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定烟丝、卷烟纸及香精中钾钠钙镁元素含量

采用超声提取法处理卷烟纸样品,微波消解法处理烟丝及香精样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定样品中钾、钠、钙和镁元素含量,控制卷烟产品质量稳定性。钾、钠、钙和镁的检出限分别为3.00、0.59、4.53、0.62μg/L,加标回收率为88.4%~112.0%。采用该方法对不同批次的烟丝样品、卷烟纸样品及香精样品中钾、钠、钙、镁元素含量进行了测定,考察了批次间的稳定性,并对同一规格不同厂家生产的卷烟纸中元素含量进行了对比分析。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定橘子汁中钙和镁

建立了微波消解和湿法消解对样品进行前处理,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定橘子汁样品中钙和镁含量的方法。选择Ca 317.933nm,Mg 285.213nm作为钙和镁的分析线。实验结果表明,钙和镁的检出限分别为0.001 8和0.000 4mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD2%),加标回收率为99%~101%,用来测定FAPAS国际比对橘子汁样品,反馈的统计结果显示钙和镁元素的Z值分别为-0.3和0.3,结果均为满意。方法快速、简单、精确,适于橘子汁中钙和镁的测定。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、钙、镁

提出了离子色谱法测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、钙、镁的方法。卷烟纸试样经盐酸(1+99)溶液超声提取,以Ionpac CS 16(5 mm×250 mm,5μm)离子交换柱为固定相,用0.03 mol.L-1甲磺酸溶液为流动相。4种阳离子钠、钾、镁、钙在30 min内可完全分离;方法的加标回收率为96.5%～103.4%,相对标准偏差(n=7)为0.66%～1.21%,检出限(3S/N)为0.029～0.115 mg.L-1。     

微波消解样品-离子色谱法测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁、钙的含量

提出了离子色谱法同时测定卷烟纸中钠、钾、镁和钙含量的方法。卷烟纸试样经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸微波消解,以IonPac CS16阳离子交换柱为固定相,用0.027 mol.L-1甲烷磺酸溶液作流动相。钠、钾、镁和钙4种元素在30 min内可完全分离;各离子的检出限(3S/N)分别为13,15,8.1,97 mg.L-1。方法的加标回收率在100.9%～108.8%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.87%～3.4%之间。     

微波消解动态反应池模式电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定卷烟纸中助燃剂含量

建立微波消解动态反应池模式电感耦合等离子体质谱法(DRC-ICP-MS)同时测定卷烟纸中钾、钠、镁含量的方法。卷烟纸试样经微波消解前处理后,注入电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测分析,内标法定量。结果表明:钾、钠、镁的检出限分别为2.18、0.38和1.20μg/L,加标回收率为91.3%~106.2%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~4.9%。该方法消除多原子离子干扰效果强,简单、高效,数据稳定、准确,尤其适合大批量卷烟纸样品助燃剂含量的测定。     

近红外光谱法同时测定卷烟纸中的钾和钠

为适应快速分析卷烟纸中K和Na含量的需要,应用傅立叶变换近红外(FT-NIR)光谱法和常规化学分析方法分别测定了101个卷烟纸样品的光谱数据和K及Na含量.以光谱数据和检测数据为基础,利用偏最小二乘法建立了预测卷烟纸中K和Na含量的数学模型,并进行了样品扫描条件和模型的优化.结果表明:每个纸样取14张扫描比较适宜;K和Na建模的适宜谱区范围均为4 000-7 700 cm<'-1>;一阶导数+Norris导数滤波法进行光谱预处理;K和Na优化模型的R分别为0.990 6和0.986 5,RMSECV为0.065 7和0.035 9,其预测值与化学测定值的平均相对偏差各为9.63%和9.03%.     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

EDTA络合滴定法快速测定矿石中钙、镁

试样用盐酸、硝酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解,在pH值为6～9时,经六次甲基四胺-铜试剂分离铁、铝、镍、钴、铅、锌、铜、镉、锰等干扰元素后,在pH=10的氨水和氯化铵缓冲溶液中,以酸性铬蓝K-萘酚绿B为指示剂,用EDTA络合滴定法测定钙镁合量;另在氢氧化钾溶液中,用钙试剂为指示剂,以EDTA络合滴定法测定钙量,从而计算镁的含量。当样品钙高镁低或者镁高钙低时,低含量的镁量或钙量(<5%)可用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法准确测定,使结果更准确。实验中对三个标准样品中的钙和镁进行多次测定,结果与认定值相符,相对标准偏差在0.69%～1.3%(n=7),加标回收率在99%～102%。方法实用性强,已经成功应用于各类矿石中钙镁的检测。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定植物中钾、钠、钙和镁

采用硝酸–高氯酸湿法消解或硝酸–双氧水微波消解植物样品,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定样品溶液中钾、钠、钙和镁含量。用该法测定灌木枝叶和茶叶标准样品,测定值均在标准值范围内,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.45%~4.05%(n=8)。钾、钠、钙、镁的加标回收率分别为94.4%~107.6%,92.6%~107.9%,93.7%~105.4%,92.9%~107.2%。该方法操作简便,测量精密度和准确度完全满足植物中钾、钠、钙和镁含量的测定要求。     

Association of (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity with ATP-dependent Ca uptake in vesicles prepared from human erythrocytes.

Ghost membranes prepared from human erythrocytes exhibit 2 distinct (Ca + Mg)-ATPase1 activities (Quist and Roufogalis, Arch Biochem Biophys 168:240, 1975). (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity dependent on a water soluble protein fraction is selectively lost from ghost membranes during preparation of vesicles under low ionic strength, slightly alkaline conditions. In this study, the Ca2+ dependence of the remaining membrane bound (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca uptake in vesicles were compared. The Ca2+ activation curves for (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity and Ca uptake into vesicles were parallel over a Ca2+ range of 0.3-330 micrometer, and both curves have 2 apparent KA values for Ca2+ of 0.45 and 100 micrometer. Addition of a concentrated soluble protein fraction containing predominantly spectrin to the vesicles increased (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity over twofold but did not affect the rate of Ca uptake. These findings suggest that the (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity remaining in vesicles after extraction of the water soluble proteins is associated with the Ca pump whereas (Ca + Mg)-ATPase activity dependent on the soluble protein fraction is associated with some other function.     

Determination of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in blood fractions and whole blood of humans by ICP-OES

Inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was applied to the determination of the elements Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in blood plasma, erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and whole blood to obtain reliable data on their distribution in blood fractions. The samples were carefully collected to avoid contamination. Two different nebulizers (Babington and Meinhard) were tested and optimized for this analytical problem. Line selections for all elements of interest were performed (LODs were 0.8 μg/L for Ca, 1.7 μg/L for Cu, 3.0 μg/L for Fe, 1.1 μg/L for Mg, and 4.2 μg/L for Zn). Recoveries were determined as approx. 100%, and standard reference material was analyzed to obtain reliable data on element distribution. The optimized method was applied to the determination of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn in the course of a clinical study on blood and blood fractions of two groups of humans of differing health. The concentrations measured in blood fractions were verified by balancing with the values found in whole blood.     

Elemental analysis of dust trapped in air conditioner filters for the assessment of Lahore city’s air quality

A study was undertaken to assess the air quality of Lahore by the elemental analysis of air conditioner (AC) filter dust samples collected from 15 different commercial sites. Samples were prepared using the Leeds Public Analyst Method and were analyzed using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for up to 31 elements. The elements Al, As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, K, La, Lu, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Sn, Ta, Th, Yb and Zn were detected in all 15 samples whereas the remaining elements have been detected in fewer samples; i.e. Mg, Sb and Tb were detected in 14 samples, Br and V in ten samples, U in nine samples and Ca and Ti in eight samples only. Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and Na were determined in all samples at percentage levels. The concentrations of most elements were found to lie around the mean values for the 15 samples studied and were not orders of magnitude different. However the concentrations of Ca, Mg, Sn and Zn were found to be more variable and were found to be dependant on activities such as construction, fruit and vegetable handling, tin plating and transport, respectively.     

Study of Ca-ATMP precipitation in the presence of magnesium ion

ATMP (aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid)), a phosphonate scale inhibitor used in the petroleum industry, was used as a model scale inhibitor in this study. One of the goals of this work was to determine the range of conditions under which Mg ions, which are formed in reservoir formations containing dolomite, modulate the formation of Ca-ATMP precipitate as a scale inhibitor. The results revealed that the amount of ATMP precipitated decreased with addition of Mg ions in solution at all values of the solution pH. Furthermore, an increase in both the solution pH and the concentration of the divalent cations in solution resulted in a change of the molar ratio of (Ca + Mg) to ATMP in the precipitates. At a low solution pH (pH 1.5), Mg ions had little effect on the composition of the Ca-ATMP precipitate. However, at higher values of the solution pH (pH 4 and 7), the Ca to ATMP molar ratio in the precipitates decreased with increasing concentration of the Mg. Here it was found that Mg ions replaced Ca ions on available reactive sites of ATMP molecules. These results determined the limits of the Mg ion concentration, which affects the precipitation of Ca-ATMP, Mg-ATMP, and (Ca + Mg)-ATMP. The dissolution of the scale inhibitors was studied using a rotating disk reactor. These experiments showed that the total divalent cation molar ratio (Ca + Mg) to ATMP in the precipitates is the primary factor that controls the rate of dissolution (release) of the phosphonate precipitates. The phosphonate precipitate dissolution rates decreased as the molar ratio of divalent cations to ATMP in the precipitates increased.     

Studies of polyfunctional O-ligands: Formation and stability of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) complexes of 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid in aqueous solution at 25 degrees

The stabilities of the Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) complexes with 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (pyromellitic acid) were studied potentiometrically, at 25 degrees . The species ML, MHL, MH(2)L, and M(2)L [L = pyromellitate(4-); M = Ca(2+), Mg(2+)] were found to be present in solution (for Mg(2+) the species MH(3)L was also found). The dependence of the formation constants on ionic strength, and the stability trends of the Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) complexes with carboxylate ligands, are discussed.     

自动电位滴定法同时测定脱硫浆液中钙和钙镁总量

采用自动电位滴定法,在pH 10的氨-氯化铵缓冲溶液中,用EDTA标准溶液作为滴定剂,同时测定脱硫浆液中钙和钙镁总量。方法用于测定脱硫浆液中钙和镁的含量,镁的回收率在98.2%～100.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.48%～0.64%;钙的回收率在97.6%～100.7%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)为0.54%～0.99%。     

傅立叶近红外光谱法用于鹿茸的定性分析

利用近红外光谱(NIRS)和OPUS/Ident软件,通过计算采集到的样品的近红外光谱图之间的欧氏距离来反映不同鹿茸样品间的差异,对不同产地、不同种类的鹿茸进行了分类鉴别(Identification)。结果表明,与传统方法繁琐复杂,主观性大相比,近红外光谱法能实现鹿茸的快速、无损和可靠的分析鉴别,为鹿茸的质量鉴别提供了一个客观有效的方法。     

INAA of Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Sr contents in the human cortical and trabecular bone

Summary Concentration of Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and Sr were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis using short-lived radionuclides in intact cortical and trabecular bone of femoral neck and iliac crest of 81 relatively healthy 15-55 years old women (n = 36) and men (n = 45). In cortical bone the Ca, P, and Mg mass fractions in the femoral neck were statistically significantly higher, and Cl, K, and Na lower, than the values for the iliac crest. In trabecular bone the Cl, K, and Na mass fractions in the iliac crest were significantly higher, and Ca, P also higher, than the values for the femoral neck.     

Analysis of some chosen elements of cerebrospinal fluid and serum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients by total reflection X-ray fluorescence

Trace elements play an important role in the human central nervous system. Significant variations of the concentration of trace elements in body fluids may occur in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present work an investigation of the elemental composition of the serum, and the cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and a control group was performed.For the analysis of the body fluids Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry was used. The samples were taken during routine diagnostic procedures. Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Cu, Zn, and Br were determined in both fluids. In order to validate the results of analysis a serum standard reference material was measured. A t-test was applied to check if the mean concentrations of the elements are different for ALS and the control group. For the serum samples higher values for Br were found in the ALS group, for the cerebrospinal fluid lower values of Na, Mg and Zn as well as higher Ca values were found in the ALS group compared to the control group.