Optimization of multi-color laser waveform for high-order harmonic generation

With the development of laser technologies,multi-color light-field synthesis with complete amplitude and phase control would make it possible to generate arbitrary optical waveforms.A practical optimization algorithm is needed to generate such a waveform in order to control strong-field processes.We review some recent theoretical works of the optimization of amplitudes and phases of multi-color lasers to modify the single-atom high-order harmonic generation based on genetic algorithm.By choosing different fitness criteria,we demonstrate that:(i) harmonic yields can be enhanced by 10 to 100 times,(ii) harmonic cutoff energy can be substantially extended,(iii) specific harmonic orders can be selectively enhanced,and(iv) single attosecond pulses can be efficiently generated.The possibility of optimizing macroscopic conditions for the improved phase matching and low divergence of high harmonics is also discussed.The waveform control and optimization are expected to be new drivers for the next wave of breakthrough in the strong-field physics in the coming years.     

基于LabPQR降维的多色打印机光谱特征化模型研究

研究多色打印机的光谱特征化,提出了一种基于降维的光谱特征化模型,保证了多色打印机颜色转换的精度,同时也提高了特征化的运行效率。该模型结合颜色分区理论和LabPQR非线性降维方法,首先将高维光谱数据降低至LabPQR六维空间中,然后通过胞元搜索算法查找目标颜色所属的胞元空间,最后利用反向四面体插值算法对目标的LabPQR值进行计算,得到打印机最终的通道信号输出值。检测颜色样本的实验数据表明,正向模型和反向模型的平均色差达到0.714和1.016 NBS,模型的运行时间为2.03和9.05 s。新算法能够实现多色打印机光谱数据与通道信号值间的准确转换。     

Enhancement and modulation of terahertz radiation by multi-color laser pulses

We study theoretically intense terahertz radiation from multi-color laser pulse with uncommon frequency ratios. Comparing the two-color laser scheme, of which the uncommon frequency ratio should be set to be a specific value, we show that by using multi-color harmonic laser pulses as the first pump component, the lasers as the second pump component can be adjusted in a continuous frequency range. Moreover, these multi-color laser pulses can effectively modulate and enhance the terahertz radiation, and the terahertz yield increases with the increase of the wavelength of the uncommon pump component and is stable to the laser relative phase. Finally, we utilize the electron densities and velocities of ionization events to illustrate the physical mechanism of the intense terahertz generation.     

超连续谱激光干扰多色CCD探测器建模仿真研究

结合超连续谱激光器光谱辐射特性及多色CCD信号传递转换机理,建立了激光干扰多色CCD成像仿真模型。依据多色CCD工作原理,理论分析了饱和串扰信号转移规律;根据多色CCD结构,借助光学专业设计软件实现CCD像面激光能量空间分布特性研究;综合考虑饱和串扰信号转移规律及CCD像面激光能量空间分布,建立了超连续谱激光干扰单色CCD饱和串扰效应仿真模型,在此基础上结合多色CCD成像多色可视化原理,实现超连续激光干扰多色CCD输出图像仿真。最后,引入图像质量评价因子,研究了不同激光能量对多色CCD输出图像质量的影响。实验结果表明:激光功率密度是激光干扰效果的重要影响因子,随着激光能量增大,多色CCD输出图像质量下降。     

一种新的截断线及标志点处缺失相位插补方法

在基于相位信息的三维面形测量中,为了得到正确的相位展开而引入的截断线和为了便于三维拼接而附加在物体表面的标志点都会造成其覆盖区域的相位缺失,需要进行人为地插补修复。一种新的缺失相位插补方法——八方向梯度估算法,通过计算待插补点周围八方向梯度和其八邻域内的相位平均值,可估算出缺失的相位。与其它常用缺失相位插补方法相比,该方法运算速度快、插补效果好,运算过程无需人为参与,便于计算机自动实现,尤其适合于插补倾斜相位面上的较大标志点,有助于提高相位重建质量和在此基础上的三维面形重建质量。     

无限长湍流相位屏产生方法

在考虑时间特性的激光大气湍流数值模拟中,构造满足要求的湍流相位屏对大气湍流的模拟尤为重要,为此提出基于多点预测的相位协方差插值方法产生湍流相位屏,由多个已知点的相位值对新插值点的相位值进行预测,推导出了插值点的预测矩阵及其残余方差的表达式,并对插值后生成的相位屏的空间统计特性进行了验证。数值模拟结果表明:该方法产生的湍流相位屏与大气湍流的统计特性符合得较好,随着用于预测的已知点数的增加,模拟生成的湍流相位屏的精度提高,并可以进行连续插值生成无限长的湍流相位屏。     

基于优化迭代算法的细胞荧光光谱解析

使用光谱测量方法进行细胞多色荧光分析时, 发射光谱会产生部分光谱重叠, 为定性和定量分析造成了一定的困难。为此, 提出基于优化迭代算法的细胞荧光光谱解析算法, 建立重叠峰模型并确定单峰顶点; 根据每次构造峰面积的大小, 重新确定构造峰的构造方式, 最终得到模拟峰的顶点及面积信息。利用该算法对高斯函数叠加形成的重叠峰进行解析, 并与常规方法进行对比, 结果表明优化迭代算法解析误差稳定在0.15%以内; 加入随机噪声后, 解析误差可稳定在0.85%以内, 均优于另外两种算法。此外, 计算了该算法下的迭代效率, 结果表明该算法较常规方法提高了32.2%。     

Phase deviation analysis and phase retrieval for partial intensity saturation in phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry

Intensity saturation may take place as a sinusoidal fringe pattern is projected onto an object which has a relative high reflective index on some regions of the surface. If a phase-shifting method is used, the illuming light intensities at the same point of the object may have different values for each projected phase-shifting fringe pattern. Therefore, when the intensity at a point of the object exceeds the saturation level for a certain phase step of projected fringe pattern, other intensities obtained at the same point with different phase steps of projected fringe patterns do not exceed the saturation level. This kind of saturation is defined as partial intensity saturation. In the case of partial intensity saturation, a relative larger phase error is introduced when a conventional phase reconstruction algorithm is used in the phase-shifting projected fringe profilometry (PSPFP). To get rid of such disadvantage, an improved algorithm for phase reconstruction is proposed in this paper. By using the new algorithm, the effect of partial intensity saturation for the phase reconstruction can be decreased greatly and a good quality of reconstructed phase map can be obtained. Phase deviation of the reconstructed phase is also analyzed. Finally, an experimental result with PSPFP is presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.     

基于DCT算法的种子点相位解包算法

移相干涉术由于其高精度被广泛应用在光学元件的面形测量上,而由移相算法得到的相位数据被包裹在[-π,π]之间。基于区域生长理论的相位解包算法(种子点法)可以高精度地实现连贯区域的相位解包,基于离散余弦变换的最小二乘解包(DCT)算法可以实现矩形区域的相位解包,而实际测量中,经常会碰到被测件的有效区域为非矩形的分离区域。因此,在分析前两种算法优缺点的基础上,提出了基于DCT算法的种子点相位解包算法。首先运用DCT算法对整个包裹相位进行解包,然后运用种子点法分别解包各分离区域,再通过DCT算法求得的种子点干涉级次实现各分离区域解包相位的统一。实验结果表明,该方法克服了种子点法和DCT算法的缺点,可以准确、快速地实现分离区域干涉图包裹相位的解包,且比这两种算法具有更好的稳定性和更高的精度。     

多色强激光场与分子耦合制备长寿命局域模振动

讨论用多色激光场与分子耦合来抑制局域模波包的扩散，从而将能量长时间锁定在单一化学键上以便实现选键化学的可能性．用全量子理论和半经典理论分别建立了分子振动在弱激光场和强激光场中激发和演化的模型．结果表明，多色弱场无法将布居数囚禁在局域模波包上．在强场作用下，利用强激光产生的功率加宽和波包之间的干涉，有可能将布居数囚禁在基态和局域模振动态之间 关键词：     

非单调条纹图的相位恢复新方法

在连续小波变换和展开相位拐点识别的基础上,提出一种非单调条纹图的相位恢复新方法.包裹相位通过连续小波变换的方法提取,提出小波变换尺度步长的选择准则及对粗糙尺度作迭代均值滤波的技术.基于展开相位拐点与符号歧义点的单应性,可通过检测并修正展开相化拐点的方法恢复非单调条纹图的真实相位.给出了详细的理论推导、数值模拟及实验验证过程.数值模拟包括一维及二维的含噪声信号,实验为基于显微干涉法的微桥的静动态形貌和变形测试.模拟及实验结果表明,该法只需一幅条纹图即可准确解调非单调条纹的相位,最大误差小于4%,且具有极强的抗噪能力.这为显微干涉测量提供了有效的相位恢复新手段.     

彩色套印色标光电扫描式探测系统的研制

彩色套印过程中必须检测出套色偏差并予以纠正,而彩色套印偏差的检测是通过检测邻色标的间隔从而获得的.本文报道了一种用于塑料薄膜多色套印中套色偏差检测的光电扫描式探测系统的研制.给出了其测量原理、系统构成及结果.     

Spin dynamics in hole-doped two-dimensional S = 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets: 63Cu NQR relaxation in La2-xSrxCuO4 for x ≤ 0.04

A cluster algorithm formulated in continuous (imaginary) time is presented for Ising models in a transverse field. It works directly with an infinite number of time-slices in the imaginary time direction, avoiding the necessity to take this limit explicitly. The algorithm is tested at the zero-temperature critical point of the pure two-dimensional (2d) transverse Ising model. Then it is applied to the 2d Ising ferromagnet with random bonds and transverse fields, for which the phase diagram is determined. Finite size scaling at the quantum critical point as well as the study of the quantum Griffiths-McCoy phase indicate that the dynamical critical exponent is infinite as in 1d. Received 6 November 1998     

Calculation of the spherical aberration of a lens in the problems of propagation of laser radiation in optical systems

An algorithm for the calculation of the spherical aberration in diffraction problems is proposed, which does not require the knowledge of a priori information on the incident radiation. The principle of the algorithm consists in the use of four phase screens in appropriate planes, which makes it possible to separate the rays emerging from different point sources and to give each ray the desired phase shift. The accuracy of the algorithm is compared with Zeidel’s theory for the case of spherical waves. The calculation of the superposition of two waves, with different curvature of the reference sphere, incident on a lens is presented, which demonstrates the advantages of the method.     

多频光栅物体高精度廓形三维测量及重建研究

针对目前实际系统中,由于噪声的存在,单频光栅逐点解相时无法获得全场相位值,导致对廓形复杂、体积小物体的重建精度低,提出多频结构光栅投影实现体积较小、形貌复杂物体的高精度重建。系统算法基于随时间序列变化改进的四步相移法对多频光栅进行解相,多频光栅解相是对每种频率的光栅单独展开相位,每种频率的光栅解相是逐点进行的,单频光栅中因噪声得到不连续的相位可通过其他频率光栅拟合修补,得到一个全场范围内连续的相位。经实验单频结构光测量体积小、形貌复杂物体的误差范围为0.1 mm～0.5 mm,而文中所提出方法精度达到了0.03 mm～0.05 mm,该方法精度提高了10倍左右。     

用于相移点衍射干涉仪的加权最小二乘相位提取算法

针对现有的相位提取算法只对某些特定的误差不敏感,不能满足高精度光学检测的要求,本文引入一种等间隔多步移相算法—权重待定的加权最小二乘算法。通过在最小二乘算法中添加待定的权重,分析移相点衍射干涉仪中多种误差源对算法的影响,获得多组约束方程,从而确定权重和新算法。对新算法和标准四步算法、Hariharan五步算法进行比对分析,验证了新算法对PZT线性和二阶非线性移相不准、光强的一阶二阶波动和光源频率一阶二阶波动等误差抑制能力远远优于标准四步算法和Hariharan五步算法;新算法对CCD的量化误差、光强噪声、频率噪声的抑制能力也具有一定优势,且对CCD的二阶响应非线性完全不敏感。     

Demodulation of a single interferogram based on continuous wavelet transform and phase derivative

A novel method based on continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and guidance of phase derivative is developed to measure the phase of a single fringe pattern which contains closed fringes. Wrapped phase values are retrieved by ridge extraction algorithms based on CWT which has the capability of better noise reduction and thus increases the resolution of measurement significantly. To further reduce the noise, the scales detected by maximum ridge algorithm are filtered iteratively before retrieval of wrapped phase. The proposed method also identifies any ambiguous point in a non-monotonous fringe pattern by directly tracking an inflexion point from an unwrapped phase map without the use of a carrier. The algorithm developed is validated by computer simulation and experimental results. Based on micro interferometry the experimental results for both static and dynamic deformations of a micro structure demonstrate that the proposed method is an effective tool for the analysis of closed fringe patterns and subsequent deformation measurement. However, the proposed technique is limited to measurement of surface which is relatively smooth compared to the mean wavelength of the light source. In addition, prior knowledge of the sign of surface slope is required in cases where a spatial carrier is not available or adaptable.     

三维相位展开算法在精密运动测试中的应用

三维相位展开算法将基于空间的相位展开算法拓展到时间轴上,包含了一维时间和二维空间信息,适合于运动测试。通过建立一维时间相位展开算法的数学模型,分析了该算法运动测试的基本原理,讨论了在精密测试中的使用方法和适用范围,并对微谐振器的微结构进行运动测试。实验表明,算法在相位展开中引入时间信息,不仅消除了形变测量中需选取静止点为相位参考点或参考平面的限制,还可以同时测量物体表面某点纳米级的离面运动曲线和表面形变。     

A generalized temporal phase unwrapping algorithm for three-dimensional profilometry

A generalized temporal phase unwrapping algorithm is proposed for absolute phase measurement of object surfaces with complex topography. We first make comments on error analysis of various temporal phase unwrapping (TPU) algorithms and point out problems existing in these techniques. We present a generalized TPU algorithm (GTPU), which eliminates some limitations imposed on the fringe sequence for the classical TPU algorithms. So the desired number of fringes can be determined according to practical situation, leading to a flexible method for phase reconstruction. In addition, compared with the classical TPU algorithms, GTPU has better noise immunity and less computational complexity. Theoretical analysis and experiment results are presented to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

一种适用于大测绘带合成孔径声呐的运动补偿方法

当合成孔径声呐测绘带较大时,运动误差的空变效应严重,经典的相位中心重叠算法难以适用。为此,提出了一种适用于大测绘带合成孔径声呐的运动补偿方法。首先使用混合调制的拉格朗日时延估计算法对前后两帧回波的时延进行估计,之后使用线性回归方法拟合出运动误差,最后利用运动误差的估计值对回波进行逐点精确补偿。仿真数据的结果表明,该算法能够获得比相位中心重叠算法更好的运动估计结果,运动补偿后成像分辨率接近理论分辨率。使用该算法分别对高、低频合成孔径声呐的湖试数据进行了处理,水下地貌和小目标的成像质量均有明显提高。