Improved performance of complex gain-coupled DFB laser by using tapered grating structure

In this paper, theoretical analysis of antireflection complex gain coupled distributed feedback lasers (CGC-DFB) with tapered grating structure has been presented. Two types of gratings, convex and concave tapered grating with longitudinal variable depth, in active layer have been proposed. Evaluation of flatness parameter variation above threshold condition shows that concave tapered grating improves the stability of CGC-DFB laser against spatial hole burning (SHB) effect. The dependencies of output power, side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and oscillation wavelength of CGC-DFB laser on convex and concave grating parameters have been studied. Both convex and concave tapered grating CGC-DFB structures have higher output power than conventional CGC-DFB lasers with uniform grating. It is found that, concave tapered grating structure with parameters p ₀?=?15?nm and a ₀?=?0.7 nm has minimum flatness parameter, stable lasing wavelength and flat SMSR profile as a function of current. Theoretical calculation model is based on the numerical solution of coupled wave equations and carrier rate equation by using transfer matrix method. In numerical calculation SHB effect has been assumed.     

Flat field spectrograph using convex holographic diffraction grating and concave mirror

In this paper we have discussed the aberration properties and the design procedure of a spectrograph which uses a convex holographic grating as the dispersing element and a concave mirror as the focusing element. Both the concave mirror and the convex grating have common axis and they are concentric. The grating is constructed by recording the interference fringes on the convex surface which are formed by two convergent light beams incident from opposite sides of the axis. The illuminating source of the spectrograph is located on a plane perpendicular to the axis and passing through the common centre. It has been found that under certain conditions both positive and negative order spectra are perfectly focused on this plane. Aberration properties of the zero order image as well as the positive and the negative order spectral images have been studied by actual ray tracing. Using this system, design parameters of a medium-sized spectrograph having moderate dispersion and good resolution throughout theuv-visible region of the spectrum have been specified. The performance of the spectrograph has been evaluated by plotting spot diagram. The authors felicitate Prof. D S Kothari on his eightieth birthday and dedicate this paper to him on this occasion.     

激光直写方法制作透明导电金属网栅

介绍了利用激光直写光刻技术在200mm×200mm基片上制作线宽为5μm,周期为350μm的红外透明导电金属网栅的工艺过程,对激光直写光刻技术和机械刻划掩模接触光刻制作金属网栅结构的两种方法进行了比较,给出了激光直写制作金属网栅的优点.     

Offner成像光谱仪建模及像差分析

利用光线追迹方法得到系统的数值模型,然后运用级数展开方法,建立起系统的3阶解析模型,亦即3阶像差理论.该模型给出系统像差系数和计算系统点列图的解析表达式,可适应于包含变间距凸面光栅的系统,并具有良好的扩展性.通过追迹示例Offner系统中10000条不同波长、不同高度的光线,结果表明运用解析模型可以快速而准确地生成系统...     

成像光谱仪同心光学系统的研究

介绍了Offner凸面光栅成像光谱仪和Dyson凹面光栅成像光谱仪两种常用的同心光学系统。Offner凸面光栅成像光谱仪采用全反射的形式,使用光谱范围很宽,加工、装调较为简单,受外界环境影响较小;Dyson凹面光栅成像光谱仪在体积和尺寸上的优势较为明显,易于实现整体结构的小型化。给出了这两种成像光谱仪的具体设计实例,两种光学系统的成像质量均能达到较为理想的结果,其结构畸变均＜0005%,在使用光谱范围内,光谱分辨率均能到达3 nm,具有高质量的光学传递函数。最后,给出了配合成像光谱仪使用的多种前置光学系统的结构形式,并讨论了消除系统杂散光的方法及消除光谱级次重叠的方法。     

基于自由曲面的裸眼3D显示柱透镜光栅设计

设计了一种用于裸眼3D显示屏的低串扰新型双面柱透镜光栅板,光栅板的入射面为等间距排列的与显示器子像素数量相同的凹形自由曲面光栅结构,出射面为斜置的凸形自由曲面光栅结构.根据裸眼3D显示原理和几何光学原理推导了双面光栅板的光栅单元自由曲面设计公式和光栅参数计算公式.通过MATLAB编程计算和SolidWorks软件建模得到光栅板模型.用TracePro软件对所设计的光栅板模型进行光线追迹仿真,结果表明:参数优化后的6视点斜置柱透镜双面光栅3D显示在最佳视角的图像串扰度为0.068%,与传统6视点斜置柱透镜光栅的最佳视角图像串扰度相比降低了2个数量级,并且在观看距离2 000mm~3 000mm范围内图像串扰度基本不变.     

Continuous True-Time-Delay System Employing a Novel Tunable Chirped Fiber Grating Delay Line and a Sampled Grating Based Multiwavelength Fiber Laser

A photonics true-time-delay system for phased array antenna beam steering employing a novel tunable chirped fiber grating delay line and a multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser source based on a sampled grating filter is proposed. The tunable chirped fiber grating, which act as a continuous time-delay element, is achieved by bending a uniform fiber Bragg grating bonded at a slant onto the lateral surface of a simply supported beam. This technique allows the dynamic control of the chirp rate and spectral width of the grating without center wavelength shift. By adjusting the chirp rate of the fiber grating via bend strain, this kind of tunable chirped fiber grating could achieve very low and adjustable delay times, therefore provides higher angle resolution for scanning microwave beam, even the wavelengths of laser source are fixed and un-tunable. The true-time-delay system using proposed tunable chirped fiber grating delay element and sampled grating based laser source is constructed and demonstrated experimentally.     

成像光谱仪一体化设计

随着超光谱成像技术的发展,超光谱成像光谱仪的要求也随之提高,小型化、高光谱分辨率和高空间分辨率成为发展趋势,这就要求设计者在进行仪器设计的过程中不断完善和优化设计。提出了成像光谱仪一体化设计的方法,即不单纯地进行光谱仪分光系统的设计,而是将光谱仪分光系统置于整体结构中进行整体系统设计和优化,从而实现超光谱成像光谱仪的最佳设计结果,并以近年来应用较为广泛的凸面光栅成像光谱仪为例,较为详细地阐述了成像光谱仪一体化设计方法在系统研制过程中的应用,并通过对该凸面光栅成像光谱仪的测试验证了该方法的正确性。     

Distributed temperature measurement using a Fabry-Perot effect based chirped fiber Bragg grating

A temperature distribution sensing system based on the reflection spectrum of a 70 mm apodized chirped fiber Bragg grating has been demonstrated. Reflection variations created by the Fabry-Perot effect due to the intra-grating wavelength shift are presented. By fitting a parametric transfer matrix model of the grating response to measured spectra, the temperature change, position and width of a localized temperature change are obtained. This system is particularly attractive of its simplicity, high spatial resolution and ability in measuring a non-monotonic distribution. Experiments to measure two localized heating regions along the grating indicate that the technique is promising for measuring more complex temperature profiles.     

Analysis of a separate 1319 and 1338 nm Nd:YAG laser with a blazing grating

We develop a separate 1319 and 1338 nm Nd:YAG laser system with a blazing grating (600 lines/mm). The resonator of this system has a Littrow grating configuration and a highly reflective mirror, in which the zero-order diffraction of the grating acts as the laser output. By virtue of the wavelength-dependent reflectivity of the grating, a single-wavelength laser at 1319 nm or 1338 nm can be realized. In view of the laser rate equations and using the distribution of the blazing grating, we analyze the oscillation conditions providing single-wavelength laser operation in the system.     

Super-resolution imaging in digital holography by using dynamic grating with a spatial light modulator

A super-resolution imaging method using dynamic grating based on liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) is developed to improve the resolution of a digital holographic system. The one-dimensional amplitude cosine grating is loaded on the SLM, which is placed between the object and hologram plane in order to collect more high-frequency components towards CCD plane. The point spread function of the system is given to confirm the separation condition of reconstructed images for multiple diffraction orders. The simulation and experiments are carried out for a standard resolution test target as a sample, which confirms that the imaging resolution is improved from 55.7 μm to 31.3 μm compared with traditional lensless Fourier transform digital holography. The unique advantage of the proposed method is that the period of the grating can be programmably adjusted according to the separation condition.     

空心阴极元素灯光谱的空间分布测量方法

提出利用成像光谱仪研究空心阴极元素灯光谱空间分布的检测方法。自制了基于Offner成像系统的推扫式凸面光栅成像光谱仪,覆盖波长范围400~1 000 nm,视场角22°,光谱分辨率2~3 nm;利用该光谱仪第一次得到得到Hg元素灯光谱的空间分布,给出了不同波长下的空间图像和不同空间位置的光谱分布信息,具有较高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率;并同时获取了不同工作电流条件下的元素灯高光谱数据,对比分析了处于不同工作状态下光谱空间分布的差异。这为空心阴极元素灯光谱的空间分布等性能研究提供了一个很好的工具,相关方法也可以用来研究其他类型的光源。     

Single longitudinal and transverse mode operation of a hybrid unstable resonator TE CO2 laser

Single-mode operation of an atmospheric-pressure TE CO₂ laser is reported. Single longitudinal mode emission has been achieved by incorporating a low-pressure, transversely excited gain section in the same laser cavity as the atmospheric-pressure section. The effects of different resonator configurations on the system modal behaviour have been investigated and it is shown that unstable resonators are particularly suitable for controlling the transverse mode structure with a complete coverage of the excited medium. With an unstable resonator configuration, formed by a metallic convex mirror and a plane diffraction grating, single longitudinal and single transverse mode output pulses with energy up to 2 J have been produced on more than 40 lines of both the 9.4 m and 10.4 m bands. This technique can easily be scaled to larger aperture devices at higher extracted energies.     

A method to accurately control the period of subwavelength planar holographic grating in the fabrication process of guided mode resonance filter

Subwavelength optical element such as guided-mode resonance filter has gained much interest recently due to its properties and applications. It is very hard to fabricate an ideal guided-mode resonance filter with the same parameters as the designed one. The reason is that the resonance wavelength of guided-mode resonance filter is susceptible to the fabrication errors of its parameters, such as the period, the groove depth, the thickness of a guided-wave layer, and the refraction indexes of materials, etc. In this article, a method to accurately control the period of subwavelength planar holographic grating which was used as a sub-layer of the guided mode resonance filter is investigated. Results show that utilizing a convex lens placed in the exposure position can cause the adjusting of the period of subwavelength planar grating more convenient in the holographic optical path during the fabrication process. Accuracy controlling the period of grating which was used as the sub-layer of guided-mode resonance filter has great significance in the fabrication of guided-mode resonance filter.     

凸面光栅成像光谱仪图像数据实时压缩技术

凸面光栅成像光谱仪图像数据量巨大,给数据的传输和存储带来了压力,因此要对图像数据进行实时压缩。首先根据成像原理对图像数据的特点进行了分析,得出去除空间相关性和谱间相关性的压缩途径;然后,进行了压缩算法分析,提出了在谱间进行一阶线性预测、谱内进行JPEG2000压缩的三维压缩方案;最后,设计了基于FPGA+ADV212的实时压缩系统,其中FPGA用于逻辑控制和预测算法实现,ADV212用于JPEG2000压缩。分析结果表明:该系统具备无损和有损压缩能力,能够实现图像数据实时压缩。     

Strong coupling of a surface-relief dielectric grating to a structurally chiral volume grating

The boundary-value problem of the reflection and transmission of light by a composite structure, wherein a surface-relief dielectric grating is coupled to a structurally chiral volume grating, has been formulated and solved with results showing the robust co-existence of phenomena characteristic of both types of grating: namely, Rayleigh–Wood anomalies and Bragg phenomena. A mechanism to strengthen the coupling between both grating types is included – namely, a quarter wave plate – whose birefringence converts normally incident linearly polarised light at the Bragg wavelength into transmitted circularly polarised light (and vice versa). It is possible to tailor the period of the sinusoidally corrugated surface-relief grating such that the scattering of obliquely incident light from above, by the surface grating, will lead to a specific non-specular order being scattered onto a path which is normally incident on the rest of the composite structure. Significantly, such orders exhibit the circular Bragg phenomenon in reflection and transmission only if both grating types are present, making this a “truly” coupled effect.     

Interrogation of a long-period grating using a mechanically scannable arrayed waveguide grating and a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating

A novel technique to interrogate a long-period grating (LPG) using a mechanically scannable arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is proposed. This technique is implemented based on space-to-wavelength mapping by mechanically scanning the input light beam along the input coupler facet of an AWG. By employing a sampled chirped fiber Bragg grating with multiple peaks as a reference, the central wavelength of the LPG is measured. An interrogation system with a resolution of 10 pm at a speed of 10 Hz is demonstrated. Furthermore, the technique proposed can potentially offer subpicometer resolution at a speed of 500 Hz.     

一种新型的Bragg光纤光栅电流传感器的设计

提出了一种新型的光纤光栅高压电流传感器。该系统由Bragg光纤光栅电流测量部分和温度补偿部分组成。在测量过程中,采用了匹配光栅解调方法,其动态测量范围比通常的干涉法光纤电流传感器大,且系统不受外界电磁干扰的影响,可实现高压电流的在线测量。     

Optical computing by a vector holographic memory system

We propose what is to our knowledge a novel holographic memory system that is simultaneously applicable to data storage and optical computing. We introduce a polarization-modulated reference beam into holographic recording. A desired spatial-frequency component of an object beam is recorded as a polarization-modulated grating, and the other component is recorded as an intensity-modulated grating. Since the polarization-modulated grating rotates the polarization axis of the incident light by 90 degrees , it is possible to distinguish the desired spatial-frequency component of the retrieved image. Utilizing this property, we have successfully performed spatial-frequency filtering and frequency-selective matched filtering. The system is capable of a variety of optical computations, depending on the design of the polarization modulation.