Planewave remittances of an axially excited chiral sculptured thin film with gain

Reflectances and transmittances of chiral sculptured thin films (STFs) with gain qualitatively differ from those of lossless and lossy chiral STFs, chiefly at the edges of the Bragg regime, for normally incident plane waves. The difference is explained in terms of the photonic density of states. A chiral STF with a central twist defect exhibits a reflection hole if there is no gain and emits narrowband radiation if there is gain, provided the thickness is not large. This narrowband feature diminishes as the thickness increases, and is replaced by an ultranarrowband transmission hole only if the chiral STF has neither gain nor loss.     

Chiral mirror and optical resonator designs for circularly polarized light: suppression of cross-polarized reflectances and transmittances

A left-handed chiral sculptured thin film (STF) that reflects strongly at the wavelength of the circular Bragg resonance tends to partially convert the handedness of incident LCP (left-circularly-polarized) light to RCP (right-circularly-polarized). We show that the cross-polarized component of the reflected RCP beam can be eliminated by interference with an additional RCP beam that is reflected at the interface of an isotropic cover and an AR (antireflecting) layer. For best results the refractive index and thickness of the AR layer need to accommodate a phase change on reflection that occurs at the chiral film. Effective suppression of the reflectances R_RR, R_RL, R_LR and the transmittances T_RL, T_LR can be achieved by sandwiching the chiral reflector between such amplitude and phase-matched AR coatings. Co-polarized chiral reflectors of this type may form efficient handed optical resonators. For LCP light the optical properties of such a handed resonator are formally the same as the properties of the isotropic passive or active Fabry–Perot resonators, but the handed resonator is transparent to RCP light.     

Maxwell stress distributions in chiral sculptured thin films due to obliquely incident plane waves

When a circularly polarized plane wave is obliquely incident on a chiral sculptured thin film (STF), the Maxwell stress dyadic exhibits a decreasing periodic variation across the thickness of the film. Normal and tangential surface tractions exist on the two faces of the chiral STF, as well as a net normal pressure across the film. These stresses are affected by the incidence angle of light, and are maximized when (i) the incident plane wave and the chiral STF are co-handed, (ii) the wavelength falls within a regime called the Bragg regime, (iii) the ratio of film thickness to the structural period of the chiral STF reaches a saturation value, and (iv) the deviation from normal incidence is small.     

Light pressure on chiral sculptured thin films and the circular Bragg phenomenon

For a circularly polarized plane wave incident normally on a chiral sculptured thin film (STF), we determined that light pressure per unit thickness on the film is high when the incident plane wave and the chiral STF are co-handed, the loss factor in the chiral STF is as low as possible, the wavelength is either the center-wavelength of the Bragg regime or close to it, and the ratio of the film thickness normalized by the period is moderately high.     

Efficiency enhancement in a microcavity solid-state dye laser with Bragg grating reflectors

Bragg grating reflectors placed along microcavity facets can improve the efficiency of a polymer dye laser built with such a microcavity. The impact of different reflector designs on the mode pattern and resonance frequencies of the microcavity is numerically simulated and analyzed. This rigorous physical model is based on solving the Maxwell equations and includes such material properties as absorption, dispersion, fluorescence and optical gain. In certain cases, an asymmetrical layout of the reflectors can be more preferable than the pair of reflectors located on opposite sides of the microcavity as it is implemented for typical design.     

微腔中CdSe量子点荧光增强效应

文章主要研究了CdSe量子点微腔结构,微腔结构包括上下分布式布拉格反射镜(DBR),中间的有源层为溶解在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中的CdSe胶体量子点.采用传递矩阵法模拟微腔的反射光谱,对实验测试曲线进行较好的拟合.通过测试微腔结构的光致荧光(PL)光谱,其半峰宽(FWHM)由未加入微腔的CdSe量子点样品的27.9 nm,减小到微腔结构的7.5 nm,在微腔中的量子点,由于腔模式的出现,其发光谱的品质因数增加了3.6倍,达到了荧光增强的效果. 关键词： CdSe量子点 微腔效应 荧光增强     

基于谐振腔增强型石墨烯光电探测器的设计及性能分析

提出了一种具有超薄有源层的谐振腔增强型石墨烯光电探测器的设计方法,利用谐振腔结构可以将光场限制在腔内,有效增强探测器的吸收.通过研究谐振腔内光场谐振条件及谐振模式下探测器响应度增强的机理,建立了驻波效应下谐振腔增强型石墨烯光电探测器光吸收模型,仿真分析谐振腔反射镜反射率、谐振腔腔长对于腔内光场增强器件性能的影响.理论分析表明,谐振腔增强型石墨烯光电探测器在850 nm处响应度可达0.5 A/W,相比无腔状态下提高了32倍;半高全宽为10 nm.采用谐振腔结构能够提高石墨烯光电探测器件的光电响应,为解决光电探测器响应度与响应速度之间的相互制约关系提供了途径.     

Planar silicon-based light polarizers

Silicon-based thin-film polarizers operating in the visible and near-infraed spectral range are fabricated by electrochemical etching of bulk silicon wafers. Anisotropically etched (110) porous silicon layers exhibit a strong in-plane anisotropy of the refractive index. Stackes of alternating layers with different mean refractive indices and thicknesses act as dichroic Bragg reflectors or microcavities, respectively. Both structures have two distinct reflection and transmission bands depending on the polarization of the incident linearly polarized light. Planar polarizers are realized through the combination, in one structure, of a dichroic reflector with either a second reflector or a microcavity with different spectral responses.     

Axially excited, tightly interlaced, chiral sculptured thin films for polarization-universal bandgaps

A tightly interlaced chiral sculptured thin film (STF), whose unit cell comprises one structural period each of two otherwise identical chiral STFs but of opposite structural handedness, exhibits a polarization-universal bandgap on axial excitation. This bandgap lies wholly inside the Bragg regime of either constituent chiral STF.     

Nonlinear optics of coupled semiconductor microcavities

In a coupled microcavity configuration with Kerr optical nonlinearities in the external as well as in the central distributed Bragg reflectors, the energies of the closely spaced doublet of delocalized photon eigenmodes change with increasing light intensity. One beam optical bistability as well as all optical switching in a pump and probe configuration can be realized. The nonlinearity can induce a novel kind of Rabi anticrossing between a photonic mode and a nearly resonating quantum well exciton. Realistic numerical simulations of such effects in AlGaAs based microstructures are presented.     

Creation of chiral structures inside fused silica glass

Circularly polarized (CP) femtosecond laser light focused into fused silica produces a permanent recording of optical helicity. Material modification is in the form of highly ordered submicrometer chiral structures whose handedness follows the handedness of the CP light. The evolution of the ordered structures from chaotic modification is described.     

Solution processed microcavity structures with embedded quantum dots

The authors report the fabrication of a one-dimensional microcavity structure embedded with colloidal CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots using solution processing. The microcavity structures were fabricated by spin coating alternating layers of polymers of different refractive indices (poly-vinylcarbazole—PVK, and poly-acrylic acid—PAA) to form the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). Greater than 90% reflectivity was obtained using ten periods of the structure. The one-dimensional microcavity was formed by sandwiching a λ/n thick defect layer between two such DBRs. The emission of the quantum dots from the microcavity structure demonstrated directionality following the cavity mode dispersion and spectral narrowing. Room temperature time-resolved photoluminescence measurements carried out on this structure showed significant reduction in the photoluminescence decay time which is attributed primarily to nonradiative mechanism originating in the presence of the PVK host matrix. The photoluminescence decay time of the quantum dots was found to be 1000 ps while for the quantum dots embedded in the polymer host and the microcavity were 400 and 150 ps, respectively.     

Strong exciton-photon coupling in an organic single crystal microcavity

We demonstrate strong exciton-photon coupling of Frenkel excitons at room temperature in a microcavity composed of a melt grown thin film anthracene single crystal and two distributed Bragg reflectors. Angle-resolved reflectivity and normal incidence photoluminescence under weak excitation are observed. The microcavity spectrum is a function of the anisotropy of the crystalline material and the strong exciton-photon coupling of the excitonic resonances to the cavity photon. The photoluminescence spectrum is found to be completely polarized along the crystal axes.     

Amplitude-phase reflectance spectra of amorphous silicon-based Bragg structures

Amplitude-phase spectra of light reflection from distributed Bragg reflectors and Fabry-Pérot microcavities based on a-Si: H/a-SiO_x: H thin films have been studied. The frequency dependence of the phase difference between the amplitude p-and s-light reflection coefficients within the photonic band gap is measured. The phase spectrum exhibits predominantly a monotonic, close-to-linear frequency behavior, except for spectral regions near the stop band edges and near the singularities related to the microcavity eigenmodes. The experimental spectra are compared with theoretical calculations based on the transfer matrix method and approximate analytical relations. A method based on analyzing amplitude-phase reflectance spectra is proposed for structural characterization of multilayer microcavity systems.     

基于双层金属光栅的中波红外多通道滤光片结构

提出一种多通道平面窄带滤光片阵列结构,该结构由双层金属光栅及其两侧的分布式布拉格反射器（DBRs）组成。所设计的多通道滤光片中心波长范围超过200 nm,每一个通道的中心波长可以通过调节光栅狭缝宽度来调节,从而实现多通道窄带滤光阵列。该结果为中波红外多通道窄带滤光片的设计提供了一条新的路径。     

Strong light‐matter coupling between a molecular vibrational mode in a PMMA film and a low‐loss mid‐IR microcavity

Microcavity devices exhibiting strong light‐matter coupling in the mid‐infrared spectral range offer the potential to explore exciting open physical questions pertaining to energy transfer between heat and light and can lead to a new generation of efficient wavelength tunable mid‐infrared sources of coherent light based on polariton Bose‐Einstein Condensation. Vibrational transitions of organic molecules, which often have strong absorption peaks in the infrared and considerably narrower linewidths than organic excitonic resonances, can generate polaritonic states in the mid‐infrared spectral range using microcavity devices. Here, narrow linewidth polaritonic resonances are exhibited in the mid‐infrared by coupling the carbonyl stretch vibrational transition of a polymethyl methacrylate film to the photonic resonance of a low optical‐loss mid‐infrared microcavity, which consisted of two Ge/ZnS dielectric Bragg reflectors. Rabi‐splitting of 14.3 meV is observed, with a 4.4 meV polariton linewidth at anti‐crossing. The large Rabi‐splitting relative to linewidth indicates efficient impedance‐matching between the bare vibrational and photonic states, and suggests molecular‐vibration polaritons incorporated in dielectric microcavities can be an enabling step towards realizing polariton optical switching and polariton condensation in the mid‐infrared spectral range.     

Color tunable high efficiency microcavity organic light-emitting diodes

Color tunable microcavity organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with structure of distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR)/indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃)/LiF/Al were fabricated. Orange red and green light emissions with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 20 nm were obtained through simply changing the thickness of NPB layer. Furthermore, due to the effective modification of the spontaneous emission within microcavity, the brightness and electroluminescent (EL) efficiency of the microcavity OLEDs were significantly enhanced. The maximum brightness and current efficiency, respectively, reached 31000 cd/m² at a current density of 480.0 mA/cm² and 8.3 cd/A at a current density of 110.0 mA/cm² for green devices, and 9700 cd/m² at a current density of 180.0 mA/cm² and 6.6 cd/A at a current density of 36.4 mA/cm² for red devices, which are over 1.5 times higher than those of noncavity OLEDs.      

两种谐振腔长度的微腔有机电致发光器件模拟

微腔的谐振腔长度直接影响微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLED)的发光特性,根据微腔器件的相关计算公式运用传输矩阵法,分别对微腔长度L=λ/2和L=λ(λ:中心波长)时,在微腔内不同位置激子复合发光的电致发光谱(EL)进行模拟计算和比较。发现:微腔长度为L=λ/2时,峰值均为520nm,半峰全宽均为17nm,激子处在微腔的中心位置时,峰值强度和积分强度均为最大。L=λ时,激子在腔内不同位置时,峰值均为520nm,半峰全宽均12nm,在腔的中心区域时,与L=λ/2时正好相反,峰值强度和积分强度最小。分析后判断是因为两种长度的微腔内电场强度分布不同,激子位于腔内电场的最大值处发光性能最好。说明要制作出高效率的MOLED,要区别不同谐振腔长度,并使激子处于腔内电场最大处。     

Dual-wavelength laser emission from an organic microcavity with terahertz beating

We report on the dynamics of laser emission from an anisotropic organic microcavity filled with the guest-host composite of tris-(8-hydroxy quinoline) aluminium (Alq₃) and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM). In a single microcavity, a linesplitting of 0.18 THz between two perpendicularly polarized laser modes is observed. We ascribe this effect to an optical anisotropy in the distributed Bragg reflectors surrounding the organic layer. The temporal behavior of the electromagnetic field is studied by an up-conversion technique and shows an optical beating of 0.18 THz. Two modeling approaches are used to gain insight in the temporal evolution and phase behavior of the two modes. Both point towards the presence of a phase-coupling mechanism in this system. PACS 42.55.Sa     

Structurally perturbed chiral Bragg reflectors for elliptically polarized light

The structure of an inorganic chiral medium represented as a stack of identical form-birefringent layers that twist steadily with increasing thickness is perturbed by realigning a fraction of each layer to a fixed direction. Experimental results show that the resulting chiral-birefringent composite medium exhibits Bragg resonance with elliptically polarized light, and simulations indicate that Bragg reflectors can be designed for any polarization including linear.