Millimeter-wave pulse generation based on pulse reshaping using superstructure fiber Bragg grating

A novel optical approach is proposed to generate millimeter wave (MMW) pulse signal based on the pulse reshaping of superstructure fiber Bragg grating (SSFBG). In our scheme, one input pico-second Gaussian pulse is transformed into n Gaussian pulses by the SSFBG reshaping firstly, and then the pulse train is replicated to form a required frequency modulation MMW optical pulse envelope by the linear chirped fiber Bragg grating (LCFBG) or other highly dispersive element. The high-speed photodetector (PD) and band-pass filter can transform the MMW optical pulse into an MMW pulse signal ultimately. Depending on this scheme, MMW signals with frequency up to 10 GHz can be easily generated by the completed fiber components.     

A Low-Cost 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Direct-Detection–Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing Radio-over-Fiber System Using Low-Cost Direct-Modulation Laser to Generate Optical mm-Wave

Abstract

This article demonstrates a novel scheme to generate 16 quadrature amplitude modulation orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals for radio-over-fiber systems using a low-cost direct-modulation laser to generate an optical millimeter-wave. Mathematical analysis of that system is also investigated. The fiber Bragg grating is employed because the repetitive frequency of the radio frequency source and the bandwidth of the optical modulator are largely reduced, and the architecture of the radio-over-fiber system is simpler. Because no expensive broadband external modulator is used, the overall system is considered a low-cost solution. The simple structure and low cost of the radio-over-fiber system is attractive for the future cost-effective systems.     

基于新型偏振稳定毫米波发生器的光载无线通信下行链路

为了降低ROF系统成本,增加传输距离,提高系统性能, 提出了一种基于新型偏振稳定毫米波发生器的光载无线通信下行链路传输系统.与传统ROF系统相比, 该系统利用保偏光纤光栅选频产生的两个偏振稳定激光信号拍频产生毫米波, 易于实现并降低了功率噪声对系统的影响.仿真分析了该系统中环形激光器强度、谱线宽度、保偏光纤光栅反射谱特性对毫米波性能的影响;分析了系统中保偏光纤光栅的群时延、长度、色散,双波长激光信号脉冲包络宽度、啁啾系数对毫米波频率的影响.优化保偏光纤参数, 差频产生60 GHz的毫米波信号,并分析该毫米波信号在ROF下行链路的传输性能,结果表明该毫米波 作为副载波调制到光波上从中心站传输80 km至基站后经天线发射至用户端,解调仍然得到很好的眼图, 充分证明了本方案的优越性能.     

基于偏振稳定双波长保偏光纤光栅激光器的可调谐微波/毫米波产生技术

首次提出了一种基于偏振稳定双波长保偏光纤光栅激光器的可调谐微波/毫米波产生技术, 利用保偏光纤光栅选频产生两个偏振稳定的激光信号, 采用扰偏器确保激光输出的两个正交偏振态功率的一致性, 最后输入高速光电探测器产生微波/毫米波. 通过对保偏光纤光栅施加不同大小的侧向应力, 可以灵活调谐输出的毫米波频率. 实验制作了基于偏振稳定双波长保偏光纤光栅激光器的可调 谐微波/毫米波产生装置, 通过对保偏光纤光栅施加不同的轴向拉力分别产生了20.407 和22.050 GHz的微波信号. 仿真产生了60 GHz的毫米波信号, 并分析该毫米波在光纤无线通信下行链路的传输性能, 结果表明该毫米波作为副载波调制到光波上从中心站传输80 km至基站后经天线发射至用户端, 解调后仍然得到很好的眼图, 充分证明了本方案的优越传输性能.     

Modal phase-matching second harmonic generation in Bragg fiber

Modal phase-matching second harmonic generation in uniformly poled Bragg fiber is theoretically proposed. The very low group velocity of the modes in Bragg fiber near the in-band cutoff frequencies leads to high nonlinear conversion efficiency comparable to that of the periodically poled conversional fiber. The subsequence phase-matched bandwidth reduction by slow light can be retrieved in a certain degree through structure parameters optimization.     

Mode-locked performance of hybrid soliton pulse source utilizing fiber grating external cavity lasers

Mode-locking characteristic of hybrid soliton pulse source (HSPS) utilizing linearly chirped raised-cosine flat top apodized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is investigated by using coupled-mode equations. It is found that the fundamental repetition frequency range of HSPS is significantly extended by using linearly chirped raised-cosine flat top apodized FBG instead of linearly chirped Gaussian apodized FBG. The range of repetition frequencies over which proper mode-locking is obtained is 2-3.3 GHz with linearly chirped raised-cosine flat top apodized grating whereas this range is 2.1-2.95 GHz with linearly chirped Gaussian apodized grating.     

Apodised fiber Bragg gratings fabricated with a uniform phase mask using Gaussian beam laser

A new exposure scheme for fabricating apodised fiber Bragg gratings by the use of a uniform phase mask and a Gaussian beam laser is demonstrated. Average refractive index is kept nearly constant along the grating to derive a side lobe suppression of 20 dB in the shorter wavelength. This scheme allows the writing of truly apodized fiber Bragg gratings.     

High frequency pulse trains from a self-starting additive pulse mode-locked all-fiber laser

In this paper, a coupled-cavity Er-doped fiber laser is experimentally developed and analyzed. The proposed scheme has the advantage of an all-fiber configuration. Two similar fiber Bragg gratings are employed as reflective components of the main cavity containing the gain medium. The second cavity is generated, in one side, by the reflective flat end of a standard fiber optic pigtail of variable length and, in the other, by one of the Bragg gratings belonging to the main cavity. Depending on the ratio between the lengths of both cavities, trains of stable and short pulses were obtained with a repetition frequency larger than the frequency of the main cavity. The repetition rate of the pulse trains experimentally obtained was as high as 780 MHz (15 times the main cavity frequency) and the pulse width was ∼110 ps. Prediction of the possible repetition rates for each cavities lengths ratio and the upgrading possibilities of this laser system are analyzed.     

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature using dual-period grapefruit microstructured fiber grating

By cascading the long period fiber grating (LPFG) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in grapefruit microstructured fiber, a novel dual-period fiber grating sensor is proposed. The refractive index and temperature are measured simultaneously by using the different sensitivity of FBG and LPFG. The relationship between dual-period fiber grating transmission spectrum and refractive index, resonant wavelengths and temperature are analyzed theoretically, respectively. The simulation results show that the accuracy of the sensor in measuring refractive index and temperature is estimated to be 2319.6 nm/RIU in a range from 1.33 to 1.36 and 0.017 nm/°C from 0 °C to 100 °C, respectively. Thus, the sensor has high refractive index sensitivity, and can provide the theoretical foundation for the optical fiber biosensor.     

All-optical AND gate based on coupled gap-soliton formation in a fiber Bragg grating

We experimentally demonstrate an all-optical AND gate based on coupled gap-soliton formation in an apodized fiber Bragg grating. A switching contrast of better than 17 dB is obtained with an incident pulse peak power of 2.5 kW.     

A novel method for fabricating apodized fiber Bragg gratings

In this paper, a new implementation of the double exposure method for fabricating apodized fiber Bragg gratings by controlling the parameters of rotation stage and the number of UV-shots is presented. As a result, the average refractive index is kept nearly constant along the Bragg grating, and various apodized fiber Bragg grating with high reflectivity and high side lobe suppression ratio have been fabricated in single-mode hydrogen-loaded photosensitive fiber . The achieved side-lobe suppression ratio is larger than 25 dB.     

40-GHz pulse-train generation at 1.5 mum with a chirped fiber grating as a frequency multiplier

Pulse-train multiplication based on the temporal Talbot effect in a linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating has been experimentally demonstrated. A 40-GHz repetition-rate, nearly transform-limited 10-ps duration optical pulse train at 1.533 mum has been obtained from a 2.5-GHz mode-locked Er- Yb:glass laser by use of a 100-cm-long linearly chirped apodized fiber grating.     

Asymmetrically Apodized Linearly Chirped Fiber Bragg Gratings for Efficient Pulse Compression

Asymmetrically apodized linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are shown to have highly linearized time-delay response. In simulations of a five-stage, 5-cm grating-based dispersion compensation system, asymmetrically apodized FBGs are shown to give over 60% reduction in the energy scattered from the main pulse body, 16 ps?60 ps pulses propagated over 800 km, as compared to a symmetrically apodized grating of similar length, strength, and bandwidth.     

Group delay in Bragg grating with linear chirp

An analytic solution for Bragg grating with linear chirp in the form of confluent hypergeometric functions is analyzed in the asymptotic limit of long grating. Simple formulas for reflection coefficient and group delay are derived. The simplification makes it possible to analyze irregularities of the curves and suggest the ways of their suppression. It is shown that the increase in chirp at fixed other parameters decreases the oscillations in the group delay, but gains the oscillations in the reflection spectrum. The asymptotic considerations are in good agreement with numerical calculations.     

Effects of group-delay difference on ultrashort pulse propagation in an active nonlinear LPFG

The effects of group-delay difference in an active nonlinear long-period fiber grating (LPFG) made in an erbium-doped amplifying fiber (EDF) are investigated by proposing a general model that include the effects of detuning, group-delay difference, gain saturation, gain bandwidth and Kerr nonlinearity. In particular, we observe a new feature caused by the interaction between the group-delay difference and the gain bandwidth: the pulse breakup effect due to the group-delay difference can be suppressed by the finite bandwidth of the linear gain.     

Slow and fast light using fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity

In this paper, we analyzed the properties of fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity with different grating parameters at two ends. The features of transmission spectra and group velocity were investigated under different parameters including slight increase for the differences of the lengths of the two gratings, the periods of the two gratings, the refractive index modulation depths of the two gratings. The characteristics of the slow light in fiber Bragg grating and fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity were also compared. The results of this study can be useful for actual experiments and applications in using the fiber Bragg grating F-P cavity in the slow light.     

Deep ultraviolet femtosecond laser tuning of fiber Bragg gratings

A deep ultraviolet femtosecond laser operating at wavelength 258 nm was demonstrated to be effective in trimming fiber Bragg gratings in telecommunication fibers. A smooth tunable resonance wavelength shift of up to 0.52 nm has been observed, corresponding to a refractive index change of ∼5 × 10⁻⁴ after an accumulated laser fluence of 63.3 kJ/cm² at a single pulse fluence of 124 mJ/cm². The ultrafast laser enhancement of ultraviolet photosensitivity response and modification of anisotropic index profile in silica fiber is a powerful technique to precise control of the performance of fiber Bragg grating devices for applications in optical filtering and polarization mode dispersion management.     

切趾技术对光纤布拉格光栅法布里-珀罗滤波器反射特性优化的研究

利用矩阵分析法,针对两个相同光栅构成的光纤布拉格光栅法布里-珀罗(F-P)腔滤波器进行理论分析。数值模拟分析了光栅长度变化对光栅以及F-P腔滤波器反射特性的影响,指出光栅长度增加对反射特性影响的优缺点,分析利用常用切趾函数对光栅进行切趾,减小由于光栅长度增加导致反射谱的的旁瓣增大,对组成的F-P腔滤波器的反射特性的优化,得到了光栅切趾对F-P腔滤波器的反射特性的影响规律。对于在实际应用中制作出性能优良的光纤布拉格光栅F-P腔滤波器有一定的参考价值。     

Multi-point abnormal-temperature warning sensor system with?different thresholds

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a time-division-multiplexing-based (TDM-based) multi-point abnormal-temperature warning sensor system with different thresholds. A multi-channel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) serving as the wavelength selector is employed in the fiber ring laser to generate a multi-wavelength pulsed light source. The sensor array is composed of multiple uniform sensing FBGs at different positions and with different nominal wavelengths. The warning signal is obtained by only monitoring the time slot between the injected pulse and the reflected pulse. The measurement range and resolution are theoretically discussed and experimentally demonstrated.     

Influence of Non-uniform Temperature Field on Spectra of Fibre Bragg Grating

We simulate the spectrum characteristics of fibre Bragg grating （FBG） with non-uniform temperature using the transmission matrix method, and the results are analysed. It is found that firstly the modulated coefficient of average refractive index is a very important parameter that influences the spectrum characteristic of the fibre Bragg grating, and secondly the spectrum curves are different in different temperature fields at the same parameter. Hence, we can determine the metrical temperature by analysing the spectrum of fibre Bragg grating.