一种硅基SiO2波导耦合器的设计与分析

波导耦合器是组成光纤传感系统和光纤通信系统光收发组件及模块的重要元器件,是实现光收发模块一体化光电集成的基础。给出了一种用光纤陀螺系统的X型四端口波导耦合器的工作原理,采用有效折射率法和BPM(Beam propagation method)法建立了耦合器的数学模型,计算并分析了耦合器尺寸在尽可能小的情况下和在满足单模传输的条件下耦合器的耦合系数、有效耦合长度、分光比以及回波损耗等参数之间的关系,并对其关键技术进行了系统的研究。仿真结果表明,所设计的波导耦合器在低损耗情况下分光比可达到50%∶50%,耦合器全长为33.5mm,输入输出波导间距为410μm,芯层截面积为6μm×6μm。     

集成光学条波导阵列与单模光纤阵列的联接

本文报告了一种新的集成光学条波导阵列与镶嵌在硅V槽中的单模光纤阵列耦合联接方法的设计考虑,导出了确定光纤正确位置及V型槽的几何尺寸的若干计算公式.并讨论了光纤与波导几何尺寸与耦合效率的关系.指出了这是实现单模光纤阵列与条波导阵列的固定联接的有效方法,它简化了波导与光纤的对准程序,即由五维调整简化为平面的一维调整.可实现多个波导和多个光纤的同时对准与固定.最大限度地利用了有效重叠面积,从而提高了光纤与条波导的耦合效率.一组典型的数据是单模光纤(芯径10μm)对单模波导(10μm×5μm)的耦合效率可达55%,而同样尺寸的波导对光纤的最大耦会效率可达86%.     

硅基光栅耦合器的研究进展

硅基光子集成芯片的研究近年来发展迅速, 已成为信息技术领域中最热门的研究方向之一, 光通信、光互连、光传感等相关研发应用机构高度关注其发展, 并积极介入. 硅基光子集成芯片中, 光栅耦合器作为光信号的输入和输出装置受到极大重视, 尤其在封装和测试等环节体现出极具价值的技术优势. 本文主要分析了光栅耦合器的工作原理、基本特性及国内外的发展现状和趋势, 同时也概括了本课题组近期在该方向上的研究成果. 关键词： 光栅耦合器 耦合效率 绝缘体上硅 光子集成     

Directly laser-written integrated photonics devices including diffractive optical elements

Femtosecond laser-written integrated devices involving Fresnel Zone Plates (FZPs) and waveguide arrays are demonstrated as built-in optical couplers. These structures were fabricated in borosilicate glass using a direct laser writing technique. The optical properties of these integrated photonic structures were investigated using CW lasers and high-resolution CCDs. For a single FZP coupled to a single waveguide, the overall coupling efficiency was 9%. A multiplexed optical coupler composed of three FZP layers was demonstrated to couple three waveguides simultaneously in a waveguide array. Structures of this type can be used as platforms for multichannel waveguide coupling elements or as microfluidic sensors that require higher light collecting efficiency.     

Remote multiplexing of holograms with random patterns from multimode fiber bundles

We propose the remote multiplexing of holograms with random patterns from a multimode fiber bundle used as the reference beams. The random pattern reference beam is characterized by the superposition and concatenation of propagation modes of multimode fiber and free space. For angle, shift, and wavelength remote multiplexing we compare two methods of laser coupling to the fiber bundle, i.e., direct coupling and lens coupling. A theoretical discussion that uses mode orthogonality is provided to describe multiplexing characteristics, and the theory is verified by experimental results. These remote-multiplexing methods can be applied to general multimode waveguide arrays for construction of compact and integrated optical systems in which multiplexing can be controlled remotely.     

High-performance unidirectional electrooptic modulator based on polymeric highly multi-mode waveguides

A unidirectional electrooptic modulator based on an asymmetrical highly multi-mode waveguide coupler is proposed. Firstly, the energy distributions of all the modes within two highly multi-mode waveguides are analyzed with eigenstate theory. Then, to achieve high switching performance in a guided-wave coupler, a dumping wall is placed on the larger waveguide of an asymmetric pair of waveguides, so that the larger waveguide has a dumping effect. This dumping effect makes the asymmetric highly multi-mode waveguide coupler possess a highly efficient unidirectional coupling process. Due to the large cross-section of the waveguide, a new modulation electrode structure is built. Based on this dumping effect, the unidirectional coupling process is theoretically modeled. Furthermore, in both scenarios, i.e., the unmodulated state and the electrooptically modulated state, the unidirectional coupling efficiencies are studied. As a result, not only can a high unidirectional coupling efficiency of 100% be achieved, but a high electrooptic modulation depth more than 90% can also be implemented in theory, and a high thermooptic modulation depth more than 90% under a low modulation voltage of 30 volts is also experimentally achieved. This device can be used for multi-mode optical interconnection systems such as data communication and fiber sensor networks.     

盲优化波前校正提高自由空间光通信光纤耦合效率

为了提高自由空间光通信系统的光纤耦合效率,介绍了一种新颖的基于盲优化波前校正的自适应光学系统。该系统不使用波前传感器,而是在信号进入接收端前,将畸变光信号分束后送入光电探测器,进行耦合效率计算;采用耦合效率的估计公式斯特列尔比为目标函数,用随机并行梯度优化算法最大化目标函数,以实时控制变形镜,从而使耦合进入单模光纤的光达到最优。数值结果表明,此系统能使光纤耦合效率从6%提高到约60%。     

Enhancement of the second harmonic generation from monolayer WS2 coupled with a silica microsphere

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are widely used for integrated optical and photoelectric devices. Owing to their broken inversion symmetry, monolayer TMDs have a large second-order optical nonlinearity. However, the optical second-order nonlinear conversion efficiency of monolayer TMDs is still limited by the interaction length. In this work, we theoretically study the second harmonic generation (SHG) from monolayer tungsten sulfide (WS₂) enhanced by a silica microsphere cavity. By tuning the position, size, and crystal orientation of the material, second-order nonlinear coupling can occur between the fundamental pump mode and different second harmonic cavity modes, and we obtain an optimal SHG conversion efficiency with orders of magnitude enhancement. Our work demonstrates that the microsphere cavity can significantly enhance SHG from monolayer 2D materials under flexible conditions.     

基于微透镜阵列匀束的激光二极管面阵抽运耦合系统分析

为了提升高功率固体激光器中激光二极管(LD)面阵抽运场性能,采用几何光学和数理统计分析的方法,建立了基于微透镜阵列匀束的LD面阵抽运耦合系统的数学与物理模型,对微透镜阵列参数与最终耦合输出抽运场参数之间的关系进行分析,明确了微透镜单元F数、微透镜通光单元数以及微透镜阵列空间周期参数的设计原则.经实验测试,优化设计完成的LD面阵抽运耦合系统光场不均匀度为7.9%,耦合效率为90.7%.     

集成光学声光可调谐光谱仪的特性分析

提出了一种以集成光学声光可调谐滤波器作为分光元件的新型光谱仪 ,并详细介绍了这种光谱仪的具体特性。通过对这种光谱仪的特征方程、点扩展函数以及色散本领的详细分析 ,指出该光谱仪的分辨本领与器件的声光作用长度成正比 ,也与它的级联级数的平方根成正比。因此增加器件的声光作用长度比增加它的级联级数能更有效地提高光谱分辨率。另外还指出 ,准共线声光耦合是抑制侧瓣、提高分辨本领的有效途径。测试表明 ,当声光相互作用长度L =2 5mm ,声波导和光波导的夹角θ=0 .4 2°时 ,在中心频率 174MHz附近可获得带宽 1.4 4nm ,一级侧瓣 - 13.2dB ,模式转换效率大于 99%的结果。     

Modeling of coupling loss in ultra-compact SOI microring resonators

Ultra-compact microring resonators, made of high index contrast (HIC)-silicon on insulator (SOI) materials, have become key optical devices in integrated photonics systems. Both computer simulations and actual experiments have showed that coupling loss was a significant contributor to the total losses in ultra-compact microring resonators. In this paper, a computable model derived from step approximation method was present to theoretically determine the coupling loss. Excellent matching results between the model and literatures were achieved. The proposed model can be applied to evaluate the coupling loss for microring resonators with various geometries and guide the design of low loss optical devices based on ultra-compact microring resonators.     

Modelling of photonic crystals for the design of photonic device based on SOI substrate

In this paper, we report a photonic integrated circuit (PIC), which consisting of a photonic crystal (PC) coupled by a dielectric waveguide to an optical fibre. The PC consists of a sequence of dielectric rods based on a silicon (Si) strip on a silicon dioxide (SiO₂) layer. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is reviewed and then used to model and predict the optical and the geometrical parameters used to design the fundamental elements of the PIC. The air gap width and the etching depth of the grooves are characterised. The coupling between the PC, and traditional dielectric waveguides is studied and coupling efficiency is evaluated. Diffractive losses are shown to affect strongly the performances of the proposed PIC. In addition, the effect of the air gap width on the diffractive losses and the coupling efficiency between successive neighbouring silicon sections is analysed. The field profile distribution in the structure is calculated and performed. The effects of an incorporated defect are studied, showing a high quality factor.     

Single photon sources with single semiconductor quantum dots

In t.his contribution, we briefly recall the basic concepts of quantum optics and properties of semicon- ductor quantum clot. （QD） which a.re necessary to the nnderstanding of the physics of single-photon generation with single QDs. Firstly, we address the theory of quantmn emitter-cavity system, the fluorescence and optical properties of semiconductor QDs, and the photon statistics as well as opti- cal properties of the QDs. We then review the localizatioll of single semiconductor QDs in quantum confined optical microcavity systems to achieve their overall optical properties and perfornances in terms of strong coupling regime, elfieiency, directionality, and polarization control. Furthermore, we will discuss the recenl, progress on the fabrication of single photon sources, and various a.pproaehes for embedding single QDs into mieroca,vities or photonic crystal nanoeavities and show how to ex- tend the wavelength range. We focus in part;icular on new generations of electrically driven QD single photon source leading to high repetition rates, efficiencies at elevated temperature operation. Besides strong eoupling regime, and high collection new development;s of room temperature sin- gle photon emission in the strong coupling regime are reviewed. The generation of indistinguishable photons and remaining challenges for pract ical single-photon sources are also discussed.     

Estimation of coupling efficiency of optical fiber by far-field method

Coupling efficiency to a single-mode optical fiber can be estimated with the field amplitudes at far-field of an incident beam and optical fiber mode. We call it the calculation by far-field method (FFM) in this paper. The coupling efficiency by FFM is formulated including effects of optical aberrations, vignetting of the incident beam, and misalignments of the optical fiber such as defocus, lateral displacements, and angle deviation in arrangement of the fiber. As the results, it is shown the coupling efficiency is proportional to the central intensity of the focused spot, i.e., Strehl intensity of a virtual beam determined by the incident beam and mode of the optical fiber. Using the FFM, a typical optics in which a laser beam is coupled to an optical fiber with a lens of finite numerical aperture (NA) is analyzed for several cases of amplitude distributions of the incident light.     

基于非球面透镜的空间光场光纤耦合系统研究

针对全光纤激光雷达中空间光场与单模光纤的耦合问题,设计了基于非球面透镜的望远镜光纤耦合系统.利用ZEMAX软件以单模光纤耦合效率为优化目标对其结构参量进行优化设计,然后分别用LED和激光器作为光源进行初步实验,比较直接耦合和非球面透镜耦合效果.实验结果表明,采用非球面透镜耦合可使多模光源的耦合效率比直接耦合增加约47%,与仿真结果45%非常接近,且不同芯径耦合光功率之比大略等于芯径比平方;而该耦合方式可使单模光源的耦合效率增加约20%,且耦合进不同小芯径光纤的耦合效率之比约为其芯径比平方的2.4倍,这对构建全光纤转动喇曼激光雷达系统具有重要意义.     

基于非球面透镜的空间光场光纤耦合系统研究

针对全光纤激光雷达中空间光场与单模光纤的耦合问题,设计了基于非球面透镜的望远镜光纤耦合系统.利用ZEMAX软件以单模光纤耦合效率为优化目标对其结构参量进行优化设计,然后分别用LED和激光器作为光源进行初步实验,比较直接耦合和非球面透镜耦合效果.实验结果表明,采用非球面透镜耦合可使多模光源的耦合效率比直接耦合增加约47％,与仿真结果45％非常接近,且不同芯径耦合光功率之比大略等于芯径比平方;而该耦合方式可使单模光源的耦合效率增加约20％,且耦合进不同小芯径光纤的耦合效率之比约为其芯径比平方的2.4倍,这对构建全光纤转动喇曼激光雷达系统具有重要意义.     

基于卡塞格林结构的高倍太阳能聚光镜

针对传统聚光系统聚光倍数低、造价昂贵且结构复杂的弊端,对高倍太阳能聚光镜进行了设计研究。利用卡塞格林结构具有高倍聚光及光束耦合的优点进行编程建模,设计了新型高倍太阳能聚光镜,给出了设计方法及运用光学软件ZEMAX以不同入射角度入射时的模拟结果。模拟结果表明,设计的太阳能聚光镜消除了球差的影响,在太阳光入射角为0.5°时,实现有效聚光比为544,光学效率为84.835%。该聚光镜较传统聚光镜有更高的光学效率,并且结构简单、价格低廉,有望商业化。     

光纤到户用光电集成单纤双向器件的研究

研究了光电集成器件的耦合与封装的关键技术,首先分析光纤与PLC波导的z向偏移及角度偏移与耦合效率的关系,发布其3dB容差分别为70μm及5°以内,并分析存在8°反射角及填充折射率匹配胶时耦合情况并仿真验证。该器件采用表面贴光子技术、无源对准、非气密封装实现光与电、有无源的多功能结合。测试了器件的激光器与探测器性能,测试结果表明,该光电集成器件边模抑制比、灵敏度等参量优良。     

Two dimensional silicon waveguide chirped grating couplers for vertical optical fibers

Shallow etched two dimensional gratings for coupling light between silicon-on-insulator nanophotonic waveguides and vertical optical fibers were designed and experimentally characterized. We show that the large second order back reflection could be suppressed effectively by applying a linear chirp in the grating period for two dimensional grating couplers. The total coupling efficiency from an optical fiber to two orthogonal silicon waveguides is independent of the input polarization. An almost linear relationship between the average effective index of the grating region and the fill factor for 1D grating is obtained and verified. We also show that the average effective index for the two dimensional grating is similar to the one dimensional grating with the same fill factor in the light propagation direction, when the fill factor of the etched holes was larger than 0.5.