Investigation of data-format-transparent multiwavelength all-optical clock recovery using a single FP-SOA

Multiwavelength clock recovery (CR) is desired to perform all-optical parallel processing, which has potential application in optical communication systems that use WDM technology. Fabry-Pérot semiconductor optical amplifier (FP-SOA) can perform the similar filter function as passive FP filter, and can simultaneously provide gain for oscillation pulses in the cavity; it is essentially an active filter. We experimentally demonstrated simultaneous multiwavelength all-optical CR from input 36.47-Gb/s pseudo-return-zero (PRZ) data and non-return-zero (NRZ) data using a single multi-quantum-well (MQW) FP-SOA with facets reflectivity of 30%. The presented multiwavelength CR scheme is also suitable for PSK signals. Dual-channel CR from input two channels 36.47-Gb/s 2²³−1 NRZ-DPSK data located at different wavelength is experimentally demonstrated. This scheme is transparent for data formats, which is very important for next generation optical networks.     

Narrowband switchable dual-passband atomic filter with four-wave mixing optical amplification

By using Faraday optical filter combined with four-wave mixing (FWM) amplifier, a narrow bandwidth optical amplifying atomic filter with switchable dual-passband is demonstrated experimentally. The two transmission peaks of the filter correspond to the Stokes and anti-Stokes frequencies, exhibiting a Raman gain in 13- and 17-fold, respectively, with bandwidth of ～120 MHz. By properly setting pump laser detuning, switching between filter passbands is realized. We also investigate the dependence of peak transmission on both pump laser intensity and Rb cell temperature. This atomic filter can find practical applications in long-distance laser communications and laser remote-sensing systems.     

Demonstration of polarization-independent resonant subwavelength grating filter arrays

We demonstrate a two-dimensional (2D) polarization-independent resonant subwavelength grating (RSG) in a filter array. RSGs, also called guided mode resonant filters, are traditionally one-dimensional gratings; however, this leads to TE and TM resonances at different wavelengths and with different spectral shape. A 2D grating can remove the polarization dependence at normal incidence, while maintaining the desirable RSG properties of high reflectivity, narrow passband, and low sidebands without ripple. We designed and fabricated 2D gratings with near-identical responses for both polarizations at normal incidence in the telecommunication band. Ninety percent reflectivity is achieved at the resonant wavelengths.     

High-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier incorporating a double-pass amplification technique as a preamplifier

We present a high-gain erbium-doped fiber amplifier to be utilized as a preamplifier. A double-pass amplification technique is used in the first-stage amplifier together with a tunable bandpass filter. The secondstage amplifier is a counter-pumped configuration and another tunable bandpass filter is utilized to filter out amplified spontaneous emission from the first-stage amplifier. This design is able to produce a high gain of 55.6 dB and a noise figure of 6.02 dB at 1530 nm with a signal power of ?45 dBm. The receiver sensitivity measurement shows that the proposed amplifier improves the minimum detectable power from ?33.7 to ?40.8 dBm for a bit-error rate of 10^?11 at 155 Mbps.

     

Concept of Photorefractive Connection Module by Photorefractive Four-Wave Mixing with Extraordinary Writing Beams and an Ordinary Reading Beam

We propose a new optical network device photorefractive connection module (PRCM) which operates as optical switch, amplifier and signal distributor controlled by parallel optical signals. Simple optical control bus systems can be realized by cascade connection of PRCMs. PRCM branches off a desired channel from the spatial multiplexed optical bus line by appropriate setting of the control beam pattern. PRCM uses cross polarized four wave mixing (CPFWM) with extraordinary polarized writing beams and an ordinary polarized reading beam to achieve a high connection gain to the next PRCM stage. We analyze the phase matching angle of CPFWM in which the optical paths of two pump beams are slightly different. The phase conjugate reflectivity indicating a branching ratio of optical signal is derived and calculated in consideration of the phase mismatching Δk. The optimum pump ratio and the grating vector orientation for the largest phase conjugate reflectivity and signal amplification factor are discussed for optical design of PRCM. Since the measured signal beam power after passing through the BaTiO₃ crystal is three or four times higher than its incident power, PRCM has a sufficient connection gain for optical bus and interconnection systems.     

Tunable, visible phase conjugator with a saturable-amplifier polymer laser dye

We present the first report to the best of our knowledge of highly efficient phase conjugation in a laser-pumped polymer-dye saturable amplifier. Phase-conjugate reflectivity of as much as 210% at 560 nm has been obtained. Moreover, efficient reflectivity has been obtained in the broad wavelength region from 556 to 567 nm.     

光纤端面反射对高功率光纤放大器特性的影响

 从光纤端面研抛工艺的技术特点出发,计算了端面倾角和反射率的关系,估算了斜面研抛后端面反射率的大小。在掺Yb³⁺双包层光纤放大器理论模型的基础上,数值模拟了常规研抛角度误差造成的端面反射率对放大器输出特性的影响。计算结果表明：端面反射导致系统内出现严重放大的自发辐射和自激现象,减小光纤两个端面的反射率是最有效的抑制方法,同时,增大入射信号激光功率也可以抑制自激,提高输出信号光功率和信噪比。     

Broad bandwidth SOA-based multiwavelength laser incorporating a bidirectional Lyot filter

We demonstrate a broad bandwidth multiwavelength laser based on a bidirectional Lyot filter and a semiconductor optical amplifier with a mechanism of intensity-dependent loss as the flatness agent. A wide bandwidth of a multiwavelength spectrum of 32.9 nm within a 5 dB uniformity is obtained under optimized polarization parameters. For this case, the number of generated lasing lines is 329 with a fixed wavelength separation of 0.1 nm. The power stability of this multiwavelength laser is less than 1.35 dB within 200 min time frame. This shows that the bidirectional Lyot filter provides an alternative option for multiwavelength generation in laser systems.     

Spectral mirror for ultra-short, high peak power, multi-PW Ti:sapphire lasers

A multilayer mirror for spectral filtering adapted to ultra-short and multi-PW Ti:Sa laser has been designed, manufactured and characterized. The method used to determine both the reflectivity shape and the coating design leads to global compensation of gain narrowing, saturation and spectral phase. The result is a spectral control on 200 nm range while keeping a flat spectral phase. This kind of filter will enable obtaining 15 fs pulse duration for multi-PW laser systems based on Ti:Sa.     

Thermal tuning of a fixed Bragg grating for IR light fabricated in a LiNbO3:Ti channel waveguide

We investigate a thermally tunable integrated narrow-bandwidth interference filter for light in the infrared wavelength region around 5=1550 nm fabricated in a channel waveguide in lithium niobate. The filter is based on a holographically recorded and thermally fixed refractive-index Bragg grating. The device is connected to optical single-mode fibers and works polarization-independent. We measure a peak reflectivity of 95% and a linewidth (FWHM) of 0.09 nm. By temperature-controlling the peak wavelength of the filter is tuned. For the linear thermal expansion coefficient of lithium niobate along the c axis the value !₃₃=(4.5ǂ.5)᎒^-6 K^-1 is obtained. Permanent illumination of the filter with incoherent light allows us to adjust the peak reflectivity. Dedicated to Prof. K. Ringhofer on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Nd:glass diode-pumped regenerative amplifier,multimillijoule short-pulse chirped-pulse-amplifier laser

We have built a diode-pumped Nd:glass regenerative amplifier that is able to produce energies up to 20 mJ within a 470-fs pulse duration at a 1-Hz repetition rate. We obtained this amplifier by using specific intracavity components such as a phase mirror and a birefringent filter to generate a large spatial mode and a large spectral width.     

用超薄金属膜和不对称法布里—珀罗干涉滤光片设计窄带高反膜

提出利用ｎ≈ｋ的金属膜层材料设计窄带反膜的一种新方法－用超薄金属膜与不对称法布里－珀罗干涉滤光组合设计法，给出了可光光区窄带高反膜的膜系结构，定量地分析了膜系的反射率，反射峰值，反射半波带宽光谱反射特性，实验证实了理论设计和分析，同时，也提供了设计非可见光波段的窄带高反滤光片的方法。     

含n＝k超薄金属膜的周期对称膜系的性质及窄带高反膜设计

本文阐述了n≈k的超薄金属膜与介质膜组成周期对称膜系的光学特性,并结合Ag、Al等膜层的高反特性提出了可见光区诱导窄带高反膜系结构,推导出膜系的反射率、反射峰值、反射半波带宽等光谱反射特性的近似公式,实验证实了理论设计和分析.同时也提出了设计红外和紫外窄带高反滤光片的方法.     

Highly efficient degenerate four-wave mixing with multipass geometries in a polymer laser dye saturable amplifier

We demonstrate the use of highly efficient degenerate four-wave mixing for phase conjugation with multipass geometries in a polymer laser dye saturable amplifier. Phase-conjugate energy reflectivity of as much as 20,000% with a four-pass geometry in the longitudinally pumped polymer dye was obtained at 564 nm.     

楔角参量对角度调谐滤光片反射特性影响的光谱学研究

三端口可调谐滤波器是全光智能交换网络和密集波分复用系统中的核心器件。其反射端口的光谱特性,尤其是反射率和信道隔离度对于滤波器的性能至关重要。角度调谐滤光片因其良好的矩形度和温度稳定性被广泛应用于三端口可调谐滤波器的制备,其反射端口的光谱特性不仅与倾斜入射角度的大小有关,而且与其非平行端面间的楔角参量有关。文章详细分析了楔角参量对非平行角度调谐滤光片的反射率及半宽的影响,仿真计算了楔角参量在不同极性和大小条件下角度调谐滤光片的反射光谱特性,揭示了保持适当的楔角参量和方向性可以改善倾斜入射状态下滤光片的反射光谱特性。设计并制备了楔角为0.8°的楔形角度调谐滤光片,实验证明了当保持楔角方向与倾斜入射方向相同时会严重的劣化透反射光谱的半宽和隔离度,方向相反时则可以改善反射光谱的反射率和半宽指标。通过负楔角参量的引入使得角度调谐滤光片较之高平行度的同类器件具有更高的反射率和信道隔离度。     

Variable spectral filter based on optically saturated selective reflection

We have studied the selective reflection from glass-rubidium vapor interface at a large incidence angle in pump-probe experiment. The linear reflectivity can be more than 0.9 in a narrow spectral range (several GHz) at the blue side of the atomic resonance. The effect can be called the reduced total selective reflection. The reflectivity has been decreased two times due to the optical saturation. The obtained results can be used to develop a variable optical filter or optical switcher. Our estimations show that switching time can be less than the natural lifetime of the excited state. We suggested a multi-reflection scheme to increase the contrast of the variable spectral filter.     

200 W phase-conjugate mirror for CW radiation

We have demonstrated a loop phase-conjugate mirror that has produced up to 200 W phase-conjugate average output power at a 140% reflectivity for a CW input beam at a wavelength of 1.03 μm. A high conjugation fidelity was established by showing that more than 80% of the output beam power was contained within a 1.3-1.7 times diffraction limited beam after double passing a heavily aberrating amplifier chain.     

Excited state absorption spectroscopy for thulium-doped zirconium fluoride fiber

The excited state absorption (ESA) transitions at 1050 and 1420 nm play a fundamental role in thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA). We present a novel setup to measure the spectral cross-sections of these transitions in amplifier fibers and the results of this measurement in case of thulium-doped fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) fibers. Besides a standard system for fiber attenuation measurements and a long-pass filter, we use only components from the fiber amplifier setup, including the active fiber. No special parts are needed. We show that this fiber optic method delivers reliable results for different lengths of the doped fibers. The oscillator strengths of the measured transitions are calculated and compared to values published in the literature.     

Application of a phase conjugate Brillouin cavity for the generation of a train of short laser pulses

Summary An oscillator and a regenerative amplifier have been realized using a phase conjugate mirror in the amplifier laser cavity. The phase conjugate mirror, via stimulated Brillouin scattering, acts as a modulator owing to its time-depending reflectivity. A pulse-forming network applied to the amplifier increases the discharging time which contributes to get an output beam formed by a train having four short pulses. The shortest pulse was 2 ns FWHM long.     

High gain double-pass L-band EDFA with dispersion compensation as feedback loop

We demonstrate an efficient double-pass L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) incorporating chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG). The amplifier structure exploits the characteristics of CFBG to reflect the amplified signal back into the gain medium, filter out the recycled forward amplified spontaneous emission and block the residual 1480 nm pump power. The amplifier configuration has high gain and low noise figures as compared to double-pass EDFA using broadband mirror. The demonstrated amplifier has gain of more than 48 dB and low noise figure of less than 4 dB at low input signal power of −40 dBm.