一种新型钼钒酸盐的合成、结构和磁性表征

用水热方法合成了一个新型的钼钒多金属氧酸盐[PⅤMoⅥ7MoⅤVⅣ8O44][Ni(Phen)2OH]4·3H2O(1),用元素分析、红外光谱和X射线单晶衍射等技术手段对化合物的晶体结构进行了表征。结果表明,该化合物属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,a=1.51300(11)nm,b=1.74813(15)nm,c=2.58896(18)nm,α=72.842(4)°,β=89.240(5)°,γ=72.627(5)°,V=6.2233(8)nm3,Z=1,R1=0.0962,wR2=0.2572。化合物是高还原态的四帽α-Keggin结构钼钒多金属氧簇,通过簇阴离子4个钒帽上的端氧分别支撑4个镍过渡金属配合物,形成一个中性的多金属氧酸盐。多金属氧簇上的端氧与结晶水分子之间的强烈氢键使化合物形成了三维超分子结构。     

3,4,5,6-四氟邻苯二甲酸与含氮配体的过渡金属配合物的合成、晶体结构及对Fe~(3+)的荧光传感

利用过渡金属盐与3,4,5,6-四氟邻苯二甲酸(H2TFPT)、1,3-二(4-吡啶基)-丙烷(DPP)和1,4-二(1,2,4-三氮唑)-1-丁烷(BTB)经水热法合成了3个新的配合物:{[M(TFPT)(DPP)]·H2O}n(M=Cd(1),Ni(2)),{[Cd(TFPT)(BTB)0.5]·2H_2O}n(3)。通过X射线单晶衍射分析测定了它们的结构。配合物1和2具有相似的一维链结构。中心金属离子表现为扭曲的[MO4N2]八面体构型。配合物3具有二维结构。中心金属离子表现为扭曲的[CdO5N]八面体构型。配合物1和3分别在424 nm、442 nm处出现来自于配体的荧光发射,对应于配体的π*-π的跃迁,配合物2在356 nm处有非常弱的荧光发射。不同金属阳离子对配合物1和3的荧光强度有不同程度的影响,并且通过荧光的猝灭机理,它们都能选择性检测Fe~(3+)离子。     

含有平面六配位碳的第二及第三过渡系金属夹心配合物密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函方法研究了含有平面六配位碳(PhC)和平面六配位氮(PhN)的第二和第三过渡系金属夹心化合物(B6X)2M(X＝C, N; M=Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt)的几何结构和电子性质. 具有6个π电子的B6C2-及B6N- 结构单元体是ⅧB 族过渡金属的良好配体, 它们与过渡金属中心M形成符合18 电子规则的交错型夹心化合物D6d(B6X)2M, 其中PhC(或 PhN) 与M共线, 形成体系的六重对称轴. 具有近似单位负电荷的非金属中心X满足八隅律规则, 其Wiberg键级约为WBIPhC≈4 及WBIPhN≈3.     

邻苯二硫酚桥联双核双氮过渡金属配合物N-N键活化规律的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法研究了具有仿生固氮结构的两类化合物[Cp*Fe(μ-η²:η²-bdt)(μ-η¹:η¹-MeN＝NMe)FeCp*]以及[Cp*Fe(μ-SEt)₂(μ-η¹:η¹-MeN＝NMe)FeCp*]的90种不同结构, 调变过渡金属中心, 研究不同自旋态下(单重态和三重态)具有side-on或end-on配位键型的双核双氮过渡金属配合物, 基于计算结果分析了BDT(邻苯二硫酚)和乙基类型配体的不同过渡金属配合物活化双氮的程度. 研究结果表明, N-N键活化程度与配合物过渡金属中心所在周期存在密切关系, 更高周期对双氮的活化程度更高, 同周期金属过渡金属配合物对N-N键的活化程度从第四副族至第八族呈现折线型下降, 同时, 过渡金属中心的外层价电子数的奇偶性对双氮的活化程度具有一定影响. 此外, side-on键型对双氮的活化程度要高于end-on键型, 具有不同基团的同种骨架配体对N-N键的活化能力没有明显区别.     

三核过渡金属配合物[M3ⅢO(OOCR)6L3]+(M=Cr,Fe,Mn;R=CH3,C2H5,CH2NH2;L=C5H5N,H2O)的1H NMR性质

采用1H NMR谱研究了通式为[M3ⅢO(OOCR)6L3]+(M=Cr,Fe,Mn;R=CH3,C2H5,CH2NH2;L=C5H5N,H2O)的一系列氧心三核过渡金属配合物,主要考察其1H化学位移随金属、配体、温度、溶剂等因素变化而变化的规律.结果表明,骨架金属对化学位移的影响最大,M3O中的3个金属离子间存在反铁磁交换相互作用.对Mn配合物中顺磁中心对化学位移和线宽的影响机制的研究表明,其1H各向同性位移主要由接触作用贡献.     

还原性的类立方烷型金属有机原子簇[M_4(μ~3-Se)_4(η-C_5H_4R)_4](M=Mo,R=Pr~i;M=Cr,R=Me)的合成、晶体结构和电子性质

类立方烷型金属原子簇化合物M_4E_4(M为过渡金属,E为硫属元素)的研究长期以来受到重视,其主要原因有二:(1)一些类立方烷型金属原子簇(如Fe_4S_4及Fe-Mo-S原子簇)在生物体系(如固氮酶、铁氧还蛋白)中有重要意义;(2)由于可以方便地对M或E作系列性的改变,因而M_4E_4成为研究原子簇化合物的电子结构及检测各种有关的理论假设的重要模型化合物。     

以卟啉为前驱体制备的M-N-C(M=Co,Fe,Mn)催化剂中不同过渡金属中心对催化乙苯氧化反应的影响

近年来,过渡金属氮碳材料由于其廉价、高效与持久耐用的性质得到广泛研究,被视为钯基催化剂的良好替代品.除了可应用于电催化领域,过渡金属氮碳材料还可作为有机反应催化剂,并显示出良好的催化性能.金属卟啉化合物因其高效模拟自然酶的仿生催化功能而闻名,然而在均相催化体系中其难回收、易自我氧化失活的缺点大大阻碍了其实际应用.对金属卟啉进行热处理是提高其催化性能与稳定性的有效方法.此外,作为内部含有金属-氮配合键的含碳大环化合物,金属卟啉是一步合成金属氮碳材料的良好前驱体.本课题组已证明以金属钴卟啉作为前驱体制得的金属氮碳催化剂具有良好的催化乙苯氧化性能.在此基础上,本文采用含有不同过渡金属中心的四苯基金属卟啉(四苯基钴卟啉、四苯基铁卟啉和四苯基钴卟啉)为前驱体,通过无模板法热处理制备了过渡金属氮碳催化剂M-N-C (M=Co,Fe,Mn),考察不同过渡金属中心对催化剂性能的影响.所得催化剂采用N2吸附-脱附、热重(TG)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征.N2吸附-脱附结果表明,所得M-N-C材料具有不同的比表面积与孔道结构,其中Co-N-C催化剂比表面积最大.TG显示,不同金属卟啉的失重情况不同,四苯基钴卟啉失重最多,四苯基铁卟啉次之,四苯基锰卟啉失重最少.从TEM和Raman结果可见,所得不同金属氮碳材料具有不同的石墨化程度,其中Co-N-C材料具有明显的石墨化层状碳结构,石墨化程度最高,Fe-N-C材料次之,而Mn-N-C材料中的碳主要呈片状无定形状态,表明其石墨化程度最低.这可能是不同过渡金属中心在加热过程中对卟啉结构碳化过程催化效果不同所致,其中钴中心对卟啉结构碳化过程的催化效果最佳.另外,考察了该M-N-C催化剂在无溶剂条件下催化分子氧选择性氧化乙苯的性能.结果发现,不同金属中心的M-N-C催化剂表现出不同的催化性能.这可能归因于金属种类的不同、所得催化剂碳氮结构的差别以及金属中心与氮碳结构的协同效应.此外,这些M-N-C材料作为多相催化剂在以氧气为氧源的无溶剂选择性氧化乙苯反应中表现出良好的催化性能,且多次使用后没有明显的活性损失,具有良好的回收使用性能.     

一种新型的吡唑衍生物的合成

近年来,多齿含氮的配体在有机配合物的合成和研究中日益受到重视,不仅用在高氧化态、缺电子中心的高价过渡金属有机配合物上,而且已开始在低氧化态、富电子中心的低价过渡金属有机配合物上应用,其中一个重要原因是自然界中许多金属酶普遍含有以氮为配位原子的配体.我们合成了N,N'-二(3,5-二甲基吡唑)烷的衍生物1,同时分离得到了一种新型的环状化合物2.     

过渡金属（Cu，Fe，Mn，Co）改性高分散V2O5/TiO2作为高效NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂

选择性催化还原(SCR)是目前固定源及移动源中控制NOx排放最为有效的技术手段之一.工业上应用最广泛的商业SCR催化剂是钒基催化剂.钒基催化剂经钨(钼)改性后具有较好的活性、稳定性和抗水抗硫性能,但在应用过程中仍存在N2选择性较低、活性温度窗口(300–400 oC)较窄及高温下V2O5极易流失等不足,且钨(钼)的价格十分昂贵.因此,用廉价组分提高钒基催化剂的催化性能在实际工业应用中仍具有重要意义.研究发现,很多非贵金属(如Cu, Fe, Mn, Co, Ce, Zr, Nb, Sn, La等)都可以代替钨(钼)用来提高钒基催化剂的选择性、活性温度窗口和(热)稳定性能等.引入的金属通常以氧化物或钒酸盐形式存在,并与活性组分钒物种有很强的相互作用,从而提高钒物种的氧化还原性能及分散度,同时增大表面酸性位数量,抑制锐钛矿向金红石相转变.近年来很多研究发现,经金属改性的钒基催化剂以钒酸盐形式存在时可有效提高催化剂活性和 N2选择性,尤其可显著提高催化剂的(热)稳定性.本文采用浸渍法以廉价易得、储量丰富的过渡金属改性钒基催化剂,得到高度分散的M-V/TiO2(M = Cu, Fe, Mn, Co)脱硝催化剂.结果发现, Cu-V/TiO2和Fe-V/TiO2催化剂表现出较好的催化活性和N2选择性以及优异的稳定性和抗H2O/SO2性能,其中Cu-V/TiO2的工作温度窗口扩展到225–375oC. X射线衍射、拉曼光谱和EDX-mapping表征结果证明,钒物种及引入的金属高度分散在TiO2载体表面,并生成了钒酸盐.氢气程序升温还原结果表明,钒酸盐的形成导致钒物种的还原峰向低温区移动,有利于催化剂氧化还原性能的提升. X射线光电子能谱结果表明, Cu-V/TiO2催化剂表面具有更多的活性氧物种(Oα),且具有较强的电子间相互作用,是SCR活性提高的关键原因之一. NH3程序升温脱附和原位红外光谱实验结果表明,金属的引入可以提高酸量和酸强度; Cu-V/TiO2催化剂表面主要为Lewis酸性位,而Fe-V/TiO2催化剂表面主要为Br?nsted酸性位,两者可能导致不同的SCR反应机理,但均可以提高催化剂在高温下的N2选择性.综上所述,过渡金属改性的钒基催化剂中Cu-V/TiO2具有最好的活性和N2选择性以及较强的稳定性和抗H2O/SO2性能,可能得益于其表面更多的活性氧物种和更多更强的酸性位.     

二维层状磷酸亚磷酸钒(Ⅳ)化合物[V_2O_2(OH)(HPO_3)(HPO_3)_(0·7)(PO_3OH)_(0·3)]·(C_6N_2H_(16))_(0·5)的水热合成与结构表征

迄今,在中温水热条件下已合成了大量具有空旷骨架结构的过渡金属磷酸盐微孔材料[1],这类材料在非线性光学材料、磁性材料、超导材料及催化等诸多方面具有潜在的应用前景[2~5].自从第一个以有机胺为模板的磷钒氧化合物[(CH3)2NH2]K4[V10O10(H2O)2(OH)4(PO4)7]·4H2O[6]的合成以来,又有几十种结构的磷钒氧化合物被报道.但以亚磷酸为结构基元构筑的磷钒氧化合物的报道较少.1995年,Zubieta等[7]报道了以哌嗪为模板剂的两个亚磷酸钒化合物[HN(Me)(CH2CH2)2N·(Me)H][(VO)4(OH)2(HPO3)4]和[H2N(CH2CH2)2NH2][(VO)3(HPO3)4(H2O…     

Studies relevant to catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia by molybdenum triamidoamine complexes

In this paper we explore several issues surrounding the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen by molybdenum compounds that contain the [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]3- ligand (where HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3). Four additional plausible intermediates in the catalytic dinitrogen reduction have now been crystallographically characterized; they are MoN= NH (Mo = [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]Mo), [Mo=NNH2][BAr'4] (Ar' = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3), [Mo=NH][BAr'4], and Mo(NH3). We also have crystallographically characterized a 2,6-lutidine complex, Mo(2,6-Lut)+, which is formed upon treatment of MoH with [2,6-LutH][B(C6F5)4]. We focus on the synthesis of compounds that have not yet been isolated, which include Mo=NNH2, Mo=NH, and Mo(NH2). Mo=NNH2, formed by reduction of [Mo=NNH2]+, has not been observed. It decomposes to give mixtures that contain two or more of the following: MoN=NH, Mo triple bond N, Mo(NH3)+, Mo(NH3), and ammonia. Mo=NH, which can be prepared by reduction of [Mo=NH]+, is stable for long periods in the presence of a small amount of CrCp*2, but in the absence of CrCp*2, and in the presence of Mo=NH+ as a catalyst, Mo=NH is slowly converted into a mixture of Mo triple bond N and Mo(NH2). Mo(NH2) can be produced independently by deprotonation of Mo(NH3)+ with LiN(SiMe3)2 in THF, but it decomposes to Mo triple bond N upon attempted isolation. Although catalytic reduction of dinitrogen could involve up to 14 intermediates in a "linear" sequence that involves addition of "external" protons and/or electrons, it seems likely now that several of these intermediates, along with ammonia and/or dihydrogen, can be produced in several reactions between intermediates that themselves behave as proton and/or electron sources.     

Synthesis and reactions of molybdenum triamidoamine complexes containing hexaisopropylterphenyl substituents

We have synthesized a triamidoamine ligand ([(RNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N](3)(-)) in which R is 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3) (hexaisopropylterphenyl or HIPT). The reaction between MoCl(4)(THF)(2) and H(3)[HIPTN(3)N] in THF followed by 3.1 equiv of LiN(SiMe(3))(2) led to formation of orange [HIPTN(3)N]MoCl. Reduction of MoCl (Mo = [HIPTN(3)N]Mo) with magnesium in THF under dinitrogen led to formation of salts that contain the ((Mo(N(2)))(-) ion. The (Mo(N(2)))(-) ion can be oxidized by zinc chloride to give Mo(N(2)) or protonated to give MoN=NH. The latter was found to decompose to yield MoH. Other relevant compounds that have been prepared include (Mo=N-NH(2))(+) (by protonation of MoN=NH), M=1;N, (Mo=NH)(+) (by protonation of M=N), and (Mo(NH(3)))(+) (by treating MoCl with ammonia). (The anion is usually (B(3,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3))(4))(-) = (BAr'(4))(-).) X-ray studies were carried out on (Mg(DME)(3))(0.5)[Mo(N(2))], MoN=NMgBr(THF)(3), Mo(N(2)), M=N, and (Mo(NH(3)))(BAr'(4)). These studies suggest that the HIPT substituent on the triamidoamine ligand creates a cavity that stabilizes a variety of complexes that might be encountered in a hypothetical Chatt-like dinitrogen reduction scheme, perhaps largely by protecting against bimolecular decomposition reactions.     

An electrochemical investigation of intermediates and processes involved in the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen by [HIPTN3N]Mo (HIPTN3N = (3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3NCH2CH2)3N)

The redox properties of [HIPTN(3)N]Mo complexes (where HIPTN(3)N = (3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3)NCH(2)CH(2))(3)N) involved in the catalytic dinitrogen reduction cycle were studied using cyclic voltammetry in fluorobenzene with Bu(4)NPF(6) as the electrolyte. MoN(2) (Mo = [HIPTN(3)N]Mo, E(1/2) = -1.96 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc at a Pt electrode), Mo≡N (E(1/2) = -2.68 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc (Pt)), and [Mo(NH(3))]BAr'(4) (Ar' = 3,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3), E(1/2) = -1.53 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc (Pt)) each undergo a chemically reversible one-electron reduction, while [Mo=NNH(2)]BAr'(4) (E(1/2) = -1.50 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc (Pt)) and [Mo=NH]BAr'(4) (E(1/2) = -1.26 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc (Pt)) each undergo a one-electron reduction with partial chemical reversibility. The acid employed in the catalytic reduction, [2,4,6-collidinium]BAr'(4), reduces irreversibly at -1.11 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc at Pt and at -2.10 V vs. Fc(+)/Fc at a glassy carbon electrode. The reduction peak potentials of the Mo complexes shift in the presence of acids. For example, the reduction peak for MoN(2) in the presence of [2,4,6-collidinium]BAr'(4) at a glassy carbon electrode shifts positively by 130 mV. The shift in reduction potential is explained in terms of reversible hydrogen bonding and/or protonation at a nitrogen site in Mo complexes. The significance of productive and unproductive proton-coupled electron transfer reactions in the catalytic dinitrogen reduction cycle is discussed.     

Reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia at a well-protected reaction site in a molybdenum triamidoamine complex

We have synthesized a triamidoamine ligand ([(RNCH2CH2)3N]3-) in which R is 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3 (HexaIsoPropylTerphenyl or HIPT). The reaction between MoCl4(THF)2 and H3[HIPTN3N] in THF followed by 3.1 equiv of LiN(SiMe3)2 led to formation of orange [HIPTN3N]MoCl. Reduction of [HIPTN3N]MoCl with magnesium in THF under dinitrogen led to formation of salts that contain the {[HIPTN3N]Mo(N2)}- ion. The {[HIPTN3N]Mo(N2)}- ion can be oxidized by zinc chloride to give [HIPTN3N]Mo(N2) or protonated to give [HIPTN3N]Mo-N=N-H. Other relevant compounds that have been prepared include {[HIPTN3N]Mo-N=NH2}+, [HIPTN3N]MoN, {[HIPTN3N]Mo=NH}+, and {[HIPTN3N]Mo(NH3)}+. (The anion is usually {B(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4}- = {BAr'4}-.) Reduction of [HIPTN3N]Mo(N2) with CoCp2 in the presence of {2,6-lutidinium}BAr'4 in benzene leads to formation of ammonia and {[HIPTN3N]Mo(NH3)}+. Preliminary X-ray studies suggest that the HIPT substituent creates a deep, three-fold symmetric cavity that protects a variety of dinitrogen reduction products against bimolecular decomposition reactions, while at the same time the metal is left relatively open toward reactions near the equatorial amido ligands.     

Synthesis of [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]V compounds (HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3) and an evaluation of vanadium for the reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia

Green [HIPTN3N]V(THF) ([HIPTN3N]3- = [(HIPTNCH2CH2)3N]3-, where HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2)2C6H3) can be prepared in a 70-80% yield via the addition of H3[HIPTN3N] to VCl3(THF)3 in THF, followed by the addition of LiN(SiMe3)2. From [HIPTN3N]V(THF), the following have been prepared: {[HIPTN3N]VN2}K, [HIPTN3N]V(NH3), [HIPTN3N]V=NH, [HIPTN3N]V=NSiMe3, [HIPTN3N]V=O, [HIPTN3N]V=S, and [HIPTN3N]V(CO). No ammonia is formed from dinitrogen using {[HIPTN3N]VN2}K, [HIPTN3N]V=NH, or [HIPTN3N]V(NH3) as the initial species under conditions that were successful in the analogous [HIPTN3N]Mo system. X-ray structural studies are reported for [HIPTN3N]V(THF) and [HIPTN3N]V(NH3).     

含铁杂多酸盐Mossbauer谱研究 IV: 钼磷铁杂多酸盐的合成和Mossbauer谱

合成了钼磷铁杂多黄(NH4)4[PFeMo11O40H2]·9H2O和杂多蓝(NH4)4[PFeMo11O40H3]·11H2O的铵盐晶体, 用^5^7Fe同位素增丰Mossbauer谱法, 结合磁化率测定, 研究其结构与性质, 并讨论了四极分裂值Q2和Keggin结构杂多阴离子中MO6(M=Mo, Fe)八面体畸变大小的关系, 进一步证实Keggin结构杂多蓝阴离子中Mo(V)-O-Fe(III)间存在反磁交换作用。     

Electronic structure, spectroscopic properties, and reactivity of molybdenum and tungsten nitrido and imido complexes with diphosphine coligands: influence of the trans ligand

A series of molybdenum and tungsten nitrido, [M(N)(X)(diphos)2], and imido complexes, [M(NH)(X)(diphos)2)]Y, (M = Mo, W) with diphosphine coligands (diphos = dppe/depe), various trans ligands (X = N3-, Cl-, NCCH3) and different counterions (Y-= Cl-, BPh4-) is investigated. These compounds are studied by infrared and Raman spectroscopies; they are also studied with isotope-substitution and optical-absorption, as well as emission, spectroscopies. In the nitrido complexes with trans-azido and -chloro coligands, the metal-N stretch is found at about 980 cm(-1); upon protonation, it is lowered to about 920 cm(-1). The 1A1 --> 1E (n --> pi) electronic transition is observed for [Mo(N)(N3)(depe)2] at 398 nm and shows a progression in the metal-N stretch of 810 cm(-1). The corresponding 3E --> 1A (pi --> n) emission band is observed at 542 nm, exhibiting a progression in the metal-N stretch of 980 cm(-1). In the imido system [Mo(NH)(N3)(depe)2]BPh4, the n --> pi transition is shifted to lower energy (518 nm) and markedly decreases in intensity. In the trans-nitrile complex [Mo(N)(NCCH3)(dppe)2]BPh4, the metal-N(nitrido) stretching frequency increases to 1016 cm(-1). The n --> pi transition now is found at 450 nm, shifting to 525 nm upon protonation. Most importantly, the reduction of this nitrido trans-nitrile complex is drastically facilitated compared to its counterparts with anionic trans-ligands (Epred = -1.5 V vs Fc+/Fc). On the other hand, the basicity of the nitrido group is decreased (pKa{[Mo(NH)(NCCH3)(dppe)2](BPh4)2} = 5). The implications of these findings with respect to the Chatt cycle are discussed.     

Molybdenum triamidoamine complexes that contain hexa-tert-butylterphenyl, hexamethylterphenyl, or p-bromohexaisopropylterphenyl substituents. An examination of some catalyst variations for the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen

Three new tetramines, (ArNHCH(2)CH(2))(3)N, have been synthesized in which Ar = 3,5-(2,4,6-t-Bu(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3) (H(3)[HTBTN(3)N]), 3,5-(2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3) (H(3)[HMTN(3)N]), or 4-Br-3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(2) (H(3)[pBrHIPTN(3)N]). The diarylated tetramine, [3,5-(2,4,6-t-Bu(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3)NHCH(2)CH(2)](2)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(2), has also been isolated, and the "hybrid" tetramine [3,5-(2,4,6-t-Bu(3)C(6)H(2))(2)C(6)H(3)NHCH(2)CH(2)](2)NCH(2)CH(2)NH(4-t-BuC(6)H(4)) has been prepared from it. Monochloride complexes, [(TerNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]MoCl, have been prepared, as well as a selection of intermediates that would be expected in a catalytic dinitrogen reduction such as [(TerNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]Mo[triple bond]N and [[(TerNCH(2)CH(2))(3)N]Mo(NH(3))][BAr'(4)] (Ter = HTBT, HMT, or pBrHIPT and Ar' = 3,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3))). Intermediates that contain the new terphenyl-substituted ligands are then evaluated for their efficiency for the catalytic reduction of dinitrogen under conditions where analogous [HIPTN(3)N]Mo species give four turnovers to ammonia under "standard" conditions with an efficiency of approximately 65%. Only [pBrHIPTN(3)N]Mo compounds are efficient catalysts for dinitrogen reduction. The reasons are explored and discussed.     

FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase: a density functional study of states M(N), M(OX), M(R), and M(I).

The M(N) S = (3)/(2) resting state of the FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase has been proposed to have metal-ion valencies of either Mo(4+)6Fe(2+)Fe(3+) (derived from metal hyperfine interactions) or Mo(4+)4Fe(2+)3Fe(3+) (from M?ssbauer isomer shifts). Spin-polarized broken-symmetry (BS) density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been undertaken to determine which oxidation level best represents the M(N) state and to provide a framework for understanding its energetics and spectroscopy. For the Mo(4+)6Fe(2+)Fe(3+) oxidation state, the spin coupling pattern for several spin state alignments compatible with S = (3)/(2) were generated and assessed by energy and geometric criteria. The most likely BS spin state is composed of a Mo3Fe cluster with spin S(a) = 2 antiferromagnetically coupled to a 4Fe' cluster with spin S(b) = (7)/(2). This state has a low DFT energy for the isolated FeMoco cluster and the lowest energy when the interaction with the protein and solvent environment is included. This spin state also displays calculated metal hyperfine and M?ssbauer isomer shifts compatible with experiment, and optimized geometries that are in excellent agreement with the protein X-ray data. Our best model for the actual spin-coupled state within FeMoco alters this BS state by a slight canting of spins and is analogous in several respects to that found in the 8Fe P-cluster in the same protein. The spin-up and spin-down components of the LUMO contain atomic contributions from Mo(4+) and the homocitrate and from the central prismane Fe sites and muS(2) atoms, respectively. This qualitative picture of the accepting orbitals for M(N) is consistent with observations from M?ssbauer spectra of the one-electron reduced states. Similar calculations for the Mo(4+)4Fe(2+)3Fe(3+) oxidation state yield results that are in poorer agreement with experiment. Using the Mo(4+)6Fe(2+)Fe(3+) oxidation level as the most plausible resting state, the geometric, electronic and energetic properties of the one-electron redox transition to the oxidized state, M(OX), catalytically observed M(R) and radiolytically reduced M(I) states have also been explored.     

Density functional theory study of trans-dioxo complexes of iron, ruthenium, and osmium with saturated amine ligands, trans-[M(O)2(NH3)2(NMeH2)2]2+ (M=Fe, Ru, Os), and detection of [Fe(qpy)(O)2]n+ (n=1, 2) by high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on trans-dioxo metal complexes containing saturated amine ligands, trans-[M(O)2(NH3)2(NMeH2)2]2+ (M=Fe, Ru, Os), were performed with different types of density functionals (DFs): 1) pure generalized gradient approximations (pure GGAs): PW91, BP86, and OLYP; 2) meta-GGAs: VSXC and HCTH407; and 3) hybrid DFs: B3LYP and PBE1PBE. With pure GGAs and meta-GGAs, a singlet d2 ground state for trans-[Fe(O)2(NH3)2(NMeH2)2]2+ was obtained, but a quintet ground state was predicted by the hybrid DFs B3LYP and PBE1PBE. The lowest transition energies in water were calculated to be at lambda approximately 509 and 515 nm in the respective ground-state geometries from PW91 and B3LYP calculations. The nature of this transition is dependent on the DFs used: a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) transition with PW91, but a pi(Fe-O)-->pi*(Fe-O) transition with B3LYP, in which pi and pi* are the bonding and antibonding combinations between the dpi(Fe) and ppi(O(2-)) orbitals. The FeVI/V reduction potential of trans-[Fe(O)2(NH3)2NMeH2)2]2+ was estimated to be +1.30 V versus NHE based on PW91 results. The [Fe(qpy)(O)2](n+) (qpy=2,2':6',2':6',2':6',2'-quinquepyridine; n=1 and 2) ions, tentatively assigned to dioxo iron(V) and dioxo iron(VI), respectively, were detected in the gas phase by high-resolution ESI-MS spectroscopy.