Study of baryon production mechanism in ee annihilation into hadrons

The mechanism of baryon-anti-baryon pair production in e⁺e⁻ annihilation into hadrons has been studied using the TOPAZ detector at the TRISTAN e⁺e⁻ collider at an average center-of-mass energy of 58 GeV. The distributions of various correlations were compared with two prominent models: the cluster-fragmentation model and the string-fragmentation model. We rejected the cluster-fragmentation model at the 90% C.L. Furthermore, in the context of the string-fragmentation model, we favor the “popcorn” model, rejecting the “diquark” model, where a diquark is considered to be a fundamental entity, at the 95% C.L.     

多参考组态相互作用方法计算研究XOn(X=S,Cl；n=0,±1)的解析势能函数和光谱常数

采用从头计算的多参考组态相互作用方法和含扩散基的3个基组aug-cc-PVXZ (X=D,T,Q) 计算了SO和ClO分子及其分子离子的势能曲线，确定了平衡几何结构、离解能，并采用Feller拟合递推方法得到了基函数为无穷大计算水平值. 确定了SO^－，ClO⁺，ClO^-分子离子的基态. 通过Murrell-Sorbie势能函数和最小二乘法拟合得到了解析势能函数. 基于所得的势能函数，通过解核运动的薛定谔方程得到振 关键词： 多参考组态相互作用 势能曲线 解析势能函数 光谱常数     

Investigation of structure interaction to nutrient properties and utilization in co-products after pellet processing at various conditions using advanced molecular spectroscopy

The molecular infrared (micro)spectroscopy, developed as a rapid, non-destructive and non-invasive analytical technique, is able to reveal structure features at a molecular level and provide tissue structure and chemistry information simultaneously. However, to date, this analytical technique is seldomly used in study processing induced structure change in relation to nutrient properties, utilization, and delivery in livestock. The objective of this article was to review the inter-relationship between molecular structures with nutritive properties and nutrient delivery in co-products from bioenergy production after pelleted processing using vibrational molecular spectroscopy. First, this article reviews recent progress in pelleting process research, related to physical quality of pellets, utilization for animals, processing quality, and current nutrition evaluation methodologies for pelleting. The emphasis of this study focused on the effect of conditioning temperature and time of the pellet processing on molecular structure changes and nutrient properties and nutrient delivery. The methods for nutritive properties and nutrient delivery were reviewed, which included various in vitro, in situ, in vivo, and nutrient modeling techniques. The molecular spectroscopic techniques included globar-sourced and synchrotron-sourced molecular spectroscopic techniques. The molecular spectra analysis included univariate and multivariate molecular spectral analyses. The relationship between molecular structural changes and truly absorbed nutrient supply was quantified. The research provides an insight how inherent structure changes induced by pellet processing on a molecular basis affected nutrient properties, utilization, and availability.     

Dynamical spin susceptibility of the d–p model in the over doping region

Dynamical spin susceptibility χ^s(q,ω) of the d–p model in the over doping region is investigated by using the auxiliary boson technique. It includes higher order terms of the 1/N-expansion within the random phase approximation (RPA) of the local vertex, where frequency dependence of the quasi-particle interaction is taken into account. The incommensurate spin fluctuation is obtained due to the nesting effect in the low energy region (ωω^*), whereas the commensurate one in the high energy region (ωω^*), the characteristic energy ω^* is estimated to be about 30 meV. Both of the spin–lattice relaxation rate 1/T₁ and the spin–spin relaxation rate 1/T_g monotonically increase as T decreases, while the spin Knight shift K is almost independent of T.     

Investigation of cation–anion interaction in 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium‐based ion pairs by density functional theory calculations and experiments

Gas‐phase structure, hydrogen bonding, and cation–anion interactions of a series of 1‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium ([HOEMIm]⁺)‐based ionic liquids (hereafter called hydroxyl ILs) with different anions (X = [NTf₂]^–, [PF₆]^–, [ClO₄]^–, [BF₄]^–, [DCA]^–, [NO₃]^–, [AC]^– and [Cl]^–), as well as 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimizolium ([EMIm]⁺)‐based ionic liquids (hereafter called nonhydroxyl ILs), were investigated by density functional theory calculations and experiments. Electrostatic potential surfaces and optimized structures of isolated ions, and ion pairs of all ILs have been obtained through calculations at the Becke, three‐parameter, Lee–Yang–Parr/6‐31 + G(d,p) level and their hydrogen bonding behavior was further studied by the polarity and Kamlet–Taft Parameters, and ¹H‐NMR analysis. In [EMIm]⁺‐based nonhydroxyl ILs, hydrogen bonding preferred to be formed between anions and C2–H on the imidazolium ring, while in [HOEMIm]⁺‐based hydroxyl ILs, it was replaced by a much stronger one that preferably formed between anions and OH. The O–H···X hydrogen bonding is much more anion‐dependent than the C2–H···X, and it is weakened when the anion is changed from [AC]^– to [NTf₂]^–. The different interaction between [HOEMIm]⁺ and variable anion involving O–H···X hydrogen bonding resulted in significant effect on their bulk phase properties such as ¹H‐NMR shift, polarity and hydrogen‐bond donor ability (acidity, α). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

由N-E-V分布及赝势法研究弱磁场中弱相互作用费米子气体的热力学性质

基于低温下量子系统的相关实验多是在体积、能量和粒子数都可变的外场束缚下进行的事实, 由体积、能量和粒子数可变的完全开放系统的统计分布(N-E-V分布)研究了弱磁场中弱相互作用费米系统的热力学性质. 首先求出了一般情况下由费米积分表示的内能和热容的解析表达式. 在此基础上, 又给出了在低温极限条件下内能与热容的解析表达式和数值计算结果, 并将N-E-V分布(粒子数密度变化)的结果与赝势法(粒子数密度不变)的结果进行了比较. 结果表明: N-E-V分布方法的计算结果总是补偿赝势法计算结果的过度偏差. 由N-E-V 分布方法所得结果最特异之处在于: 在低温条件下, 弱磁场中弱相互作用费米系统存在一相变温度t_c, 其正处于费米系统发生玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)和费米原子形成库珀对的超流状态(BCS)相变及BEC-BCS跨越的温度范围内, 且不随反映弱相互作用大小和特征的散射长度a (a<0引力, a>0斥力)变化, 但随弱磁场的加强而降低, 即弱磁场可调节该相变温度. 磁场为零时, 相变温度最高, 为费米温度的0.184倍.     

Anharmonic V–V pumping and asymmetric electron-elementary excitation interaction in emission and absorption of O2(Δg) in the crystalline phases of oxygen

Three luminescence bands in the yellow and red spectral region, which are related to the ¹Δ_g¹Δ_g→³Σ_g^{− 3}Σ_g⁻ double electronic transition of O₂, have been investigated in the , β, and γ phase of solid oxygen. The temperature dependence of the intensity of the yellow band is strongly influenced by emission from higher vibrational levels of O₂(¹Δ_g), which are populated by anharmonic V–V pumping. The broken mirror symmetry of the luminescence and absorption bands in the phase of solid O₂ points to an interaction between the electrons and the elementary excitations of the crystal, which is different in the ground and excited electronic states, e.g., a quadratic electron–phonon interaction.     

Anomalous behavior of transport properties near 60 K in tungsten-doped blue bronzes K0.3Mo1−xWxO3 (x=0–0.12)

Temperature dependences of thermoelectric power (TEP) and resistivity of a series of W-doped blue bronzes, K_0.3Mo_1−x W_xO₃ were presented. It was seen that the anomalous negative peak of the TEP near 60 K was greatly suppressed by the W-doping, while an anomaly of the resistivity near about 60 K appears and gradually strengthens with the doping. These results can be qualitatively explained by the change of the thermal excitation mechanism.     

Investigation of a.c. conductivity measurements in a-Se80Te20 and a-Se80Te10M10 (M = Cd, in, Sb) alloys using correlated barrier hopping model

The a.c. conductivity of a-Se₈₀Te₂₀ and a-Se₈₀Te₁₀M₁₀ (M = Cd, In, Sb) alloys has been investigated as a function of temperature in the range from 280 to 330 K and frequency in the range from 10² to 10⁴ Hz. The experimental results indicate that a.c. conductivity σ_ac is proportional to ω^s where s < 1 and decreases with increasing temperature. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. An agreement between experimental and theoretical results suggests that the a.c. conductivity behavior of a-Se₈₀Te₂₀ and a-Se₈₀Te₁₀M₁₀ (M = Cd, In, Sb) system can be successfully explained by CBH model. The contribution of single polaron and bipolaron hopping to a.c. conductivity in present alloys is also studied.