181Hf(n,γ)182Hf反应截面测量

在中国原子能科学研究院重水研究堆上用活化法对反应堆中子引起的181Hf (n,γ)182Hf反应截面进行了测量. 反应堆中样品照射位置的热中子与超热中子的通量比值约为10. 照射后样品中的182Hf/180Hf和 181Hf/180Hf的原子数比值是用热电离质谱测量的. 本工作以180Hf (n,γ)181Hf反应截面(14.80±0.60 b)为标准，测得的反应堆中子引起的181Hf (n,γ)182Hf反应截面值为80.0±5.6 b.     

178 72Hf和179 72Hf稀土核高K低激发带

用处理推转壳模型的粒子数守恒(PNC)方法,分析了稀土变形核^178,179Hf的基态带和低激发高K多准粒子带的运动学转动惯量J⁽¹⁾随角频率ω的变化及其微观机制,特别是被拆散核子的Pauli堵塞效应的重要影响.本文分析和计算了¹⁷⁸₇₂Hf的2准粒子和4准粒子及的¹⁷⁸₇₂Hf3准粒子的高K低激发带.实验观测到的J⁽¹⁾随ω的变化,在PNC计算中得到较好的重现.分析表明, 高K多准粒子带的J⁽¹⁾随ω的变化与基态带的不同,主要来自高N(j)闯入态的堵塞效应.     

Diffusion of Hf in α-Zr

The diffusion of Hf in -Zr has been studied in the temperature range 773–1115 K for the first time using the Rutherford backscattering technique. For this purpose we have used 250 Å thick Hf films, which were deposited on two types of Zr samples. Our results show that in both cases, the diffusion coefficients follow curved Arrhenius plots. For the pure Zr material the diffusion coefficients are systematically lower than for Zr samples of lower purity. These results indicate that the Hf diffusion mechanism is at least partially of extrinsic character. Finally it should be mentioned that the present data lie significatively below the values of self-diffusion in -Zr.     

加速器质谱测量182Hf的效率研究

182Hf是长寿命放射性核素,其半衰期约为9×106 a. 测量环境样品中的182Hf对核天体物理学和核工程的研究具有重要的意义. 加速器质谱(AMS)作为一门超高灵敏核分析技术,可以测量样品中极其微量的182 Hf. 本工作在中国原子能科学研究院HI 13串列加速器核物理国家实验室的AMS装置上对182 Hf的AMS效率进行了测量,得到了初步的测量结果.     

Layered Transition Metal Electride Hf2Se with Coexisting Two-Dimensional Anionic d-Electrons and Hf–Hf Metallic Bonds

Electrides are unique materials,whose anionic electrons are confined to interstitial voids,and they have broad potential applications in various areas.In contrast to the majority of inorganic electrides,in which the anionic electrons primarily consist of s-electrons of metals,electrides with anionic d-electrons are very rare.Based on first-principles electronic structure calculations,we predict that the layered transition metal chalcogenide Hf₂Se is a novel electride candidate with anionic d-electrons.Our results indicate that the anionic electrons confined in the Hf₆ octahedra vacancy between [Hf₂Se] layers mainly come from the Hf-5 d orbitals.In addition,the anionic electrons coexist with the Hf-Hf multiple-center metallic bonds located in the center of neighboring Hf₄ tetrahedra.The calculated work function(3.33 eV) for the(110) surface of Hf₂Se is slightly smaller than that of Hf₂S,which has recently been reported to exhibit good electrocatalytic performance.Our study of Hf2 Se will enrich the electride family,and promote further research into the physical properties and applications of electrides.     

稀土元素掺杂的Hf基栅介质材料研究进展

随着金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFETs)等比缩小到45 nm技术节点,具有高介电常数的栅介质材料(高k材料)取代传统的SiO₂已经成为必然,然而Hf基高k材料在实际应用中仍然存在许多不足,而稀土元素掺杂在提高Hf基栅介质材料的k值、降低缺陷密度、调整MOSFETs器件的阈值电压等方面表现出明显的优势.本文综述了Hf基高k材料的发展历程,面临的挑战,稀土掺杂对Hf基高k材料性能的调节以及未来研究的趋势. 关键词： k栅介质')" href="#">Hf基高k栅介质 稀土掺杂 氧空位缺陷 有效功函数     

Double crossing in 174Hf: A deformation jump?

At I^π=22⁺, the yrast band of ¹⁷⁴Hf is observed to have a second rotational anomaly, which may be linked with the high-spin extension of the K^π=0⁺ “β-band”. A possible explanation of the anomaly is that the nucleus is more deformed in the excited band than in the yrast band.     

第一性原理研究Hf对ZrCoH3放氢的影响

过渡金属元素Hf被设计成通过占据Co原子、Zr原子和间隙位点来添加到ZrCoH₃中.通过第一性原理计算研究了Hf对ZrCoH₃放氢的影响.发现用Hf掺杂会使ZrCoH₃不稳定,导致氢离解能(E_d)、Co-H平均单位键长的键序(SBO_Co-H)降低,顺序为Zr₁₆Co₁₆H₄₈> Zr₁₆Co₁₆HfH₄₈> Zr₁₆Co₁₅HfH₄₈> Zr₁₅Co₁₆HfH₄₈.理论研究表明在ZrCoH₃-Hf体系中,较弱的Co-H共价键相互作用、金属特性和Hf-H键的形成都有利于提高ZrCoH₃的放氢能力. Hf原子优先占据间隙位,但这对氢离解能影响很小,氢离解能与位置...     

Hf高自族态推转壳模型PNC方法研究

用推转壳模型PNC方法研究了¹⁶⁶Hf₉₄—¹⁷⁰Hf₉₈核,计算了这三个核晕带和次晕带间的带交叉频率、带间互作用强度、顺排角动量和转动惯量等,并与实验值作了比较,结果表明在Nilsson势参数完全按照Lund系统学选取的情况下,理论计算值与实验值符合得较好.     

Hf高自族态推转壳模型PNC方法研究

用推转壳模型ＰＮＣ方法研究了１６６Ｈｆ９４－１７０Ｈｆ９８核，计算了这三个核晕带和次晕带间的带交叉频率、带间互作用强度、顺排角动量和转动惯量等，并与实验值作了比较，结果表明在Ｎｉｌｓｓｏｎ势参数完全按照Ｌｕｎｄ系统学选取的情况下，理论计算值与实验值符合得较好．     

Er，Yb和Hf同位素的基态占有率（英文）

应用严格求解的Nilsson 平均场加推广对力模型,在同时考虑质子-质子和中子-中子间对力相互作用的情况下,对稀土区的152-164Er,154-166Yb 和156-168Hf 核素的结合能、奇偶能差、低激发态转动惯量等基态性质进行系统的统一描述。通过计算结果与实验数值比较分析显示,对力相互作用在阐明以上核素能谱的基态性质中起到了关键的作用。应用拟合上述物理量所确定的模型参数,对156-162Yb 核素基态中价核子配成角动量J = 0,1,… ,12的价核子对占有率的计算结果显示,配成角动量为偶数价核子对的占有率远远高于配成角动量为奇数价核子对的占有率,其数值结果揭示了配成角动量为S,D和G的价核子对在所考虑的核素基态性质中占主导地位。The Nilsson mean-field plus extended-pairing model for deformed nuclei is applied to describe the ground-state properties of selected rare-earth nuclei. Binding energies, even-odd mass differences, moments of inertia for the ground-state band of 152-164Er, 154-166Yb, and 156-168Hf are calculated systematically in the model employing both proton-proton and neutron-neutron pairing interactions. In comparison with the corresponding experimental data, it is shown that for these rare-earth nuclei, pairing interaction is crucial in elucidating the properties of the ground state. With model parameters determined by fitting the energies of these states, ground-state occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with angular momentum J =0,1, …,12 for even-even 156-162Yb are calculated. It is inferred that the occupation probabilities of valence nucleon pairs with even angular momenta are much higher than those of valence nucleon pairs with odd angular momenta. The results clearly indicate that S, D, and G valence nucleon pairs dominate in the ground state of these nuclei.     

Mössbauer studies of GdFe2 − x Hf x alloys

GdFe_2???x Hf _x alloys, where x?=?0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.30, are produced by arc-melting of pure elements. The samples are investigated by x-ray diffraction and Fe⁵⁷ Mössbauer spectroscopy at 78 K and 300 K. We find that the alloy system GdFe_2???x Hf _x have the single phase cubic Cu₂Mg type structure in the whole concentration range. Mössbauer spectroscopic results show that all the samples studied are magnetically ordered at 78 K, and at room temperature. The room temperature spectra are fitted with two magnetic components where the direction of magnetization is along the [111] while the spectra at 78 K are fitted with four magnetic subspectra indicating a complex direction of magnetization for all samples under investigation. The average magnetic hyperfine field and the average isomer shift are found to decrease almost linearly with increasing the Hf concentration at 78 K and 300 K due to the replacement of Fe by nonmagnetic Hf.     

Hf、N以不同比例掺杂ZnO的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论,计算分析了Hf、N以不同掺杂比例掺杂ZnO（Zn16O16）形成Zn15O16-xHfNx（x=1,2,3,4）体系的结构参数、电子结构、Mulliken电荷布居和光学方面的性质。计算结果表明,掺杂体系晶胞体积不同程度增大;x=1时体系的费米能级上移进入导带使其呈现n型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰红移较小,尤其是反射峰,主要表现为强度的变化;但x=2,3,4体系的费米能级均在价带顶附近,且随掺杂比例的增大,掺杂体系的费米能级进入价带的深度逐渐增大,N 2p态的贡献作用也越来越显著,使掺杂体系呈现p型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰均有较大的红移,这将有利于ZnO体系在可见光领域的应用。     

退火对Hf1-xYxO2体系的结构与磁性的影响

利用溶胶凝胶法制备不同掺杂浓度的Hf_(1-x)Y_(x)O_(2 )(α=0,0.07,0.3,0.5)系列样品,探究了不同退火时间对样品的结构、形貌、磁学性质的影响.X射线衍射分析表明,随着掺杂浓度的提高,样品从单斜相逐渐转变为立方相.掺杂浓度为=0.07的样品为单斜和立方的混合相,且随着退火时间的延长,单斜相的比例逐渐增加.扫描电子显微镜结果表明,样品为几十微米大小的不规则颗粒,不同退火时间对样品形貌无显著影响.磁性测量结果表明,掺杂样品在室温下具有铁磁特性,而且可以利用掺杂浓度和退火时长进行调控.我们认为Hf_(1-x)Y_(x)O_(2 )体系的室温铁磁性可能与Y掺杂导致的样品内氧空位及缺陷有关.     

C-15结构(Hf,Zr,Ta)V_2和(Hf,Zr,Nb)V_2合金超导转变的压力效应研究

本文研究了C-15结构化合物(Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5)-xTa_x)V_2(x≤0.2)和(Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5-x)Nb_x)V_2(x≤0.2)的超导转变温度T_c及其压力效应T_c/P。报道了实验方法与结果。与(Hf_(1-x)Ta_x)V_2和(Zr(1-x)Ta_x)V_2的情况不同,在(Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.5-x)Ta_x)V_2中Ta的引入使常压下的T_c下降,然而T_c/P却大为提高。因此高压下Zr_(0.5)Hf_(0.45)Ta_(0.05)V_2的T_c反而比Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)V_2更高。导出了一个基于角动量分波表象能带论方法的描述压力效应的新关系式。它指出导带电子波函数中的高角动量成分变化对T_c的压力效应影响比较重要。这个公式有助于理解上述复杂的实验现象,并能合理地解释某些元素(如Cs,Ba,La等)的T_c随压力剧增的事实。     

Hf、N以不同比例掺杂ZnO的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论,计算分析了Hf、N以不同掺杂比例掺杂ZnO(Zn_(16)O_(16))形成Zn_(15)O_(16-x_HfN_x(x=1,2,3,4)体系的结构参数、电子结构、Mulliken电荷布居和光学方面的性质.计算结果表明,掺杂体系晶胞体积不同程度增大;x=1时体系的费米能级上移进入导带使其呈现n型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰红移较小,尤其是反射峰,主要表现为强度的变化;但x=2,3,4体系的费米能级均在价带顶附近,且随掺杂比例的增大,掺杂体系的费米能级进入价带的深度逐渐增大,N 2p态的贡献作用也越来越显著,使掺杂体系呈现p型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰均有较大的红移,这将有利于ZnO体系在可见光领域的应用.     

Thermal Stability and Kinetics of Binary Cu65Hf35 Bulk Metallic Glass

We investigate the thermal stability and kinetics of Cu65Hf35 bulk metallic glass （BMG）. Cu65Hf35 glassy rods in diameter up to 2 mm are prepared by a conventional copper mould suction casting. Kinetics of glass transition and crystallizations are investigated and the ideal glass transition temperature of the alloy is obtained. It is found that the dependence of crystallization temperature of the BMG on the heating rates follows the Vogel-Fhlcher- Tammann （VFT） non-linear relationship rather than the Kissinger and Lasocka linear fittings. The long-term thermal stability of the BMG is investigated by means of continuous crystallization diagrams obtained from the extension of VFT analysis. It is suggested that ideal glass transition and crystallization temperatures can also be regarded as the long-term stability criteria of the BMG.     

大功率磁控管用新型Y2Hf2O7陶瓷阴极研究

为了提高大功率磁控管的输出功率,延长其使用寿命,首次采用稀土氧化物Y2O3和过渡金属氧化物热发射测试结果显示该阴极在1300,1350,1400,1450,1500,1550,1600℃br亮度温度,300 V阳极电压下即可分别提供0.15,0.2,0.5,1.1,1.8,2.5,3.5 A/cm2的发射电流密度.利用理查森直线法求得该阴极的绝对零度逸出功为1.26 eV,理查森-道舒曼公式法求得该阴极在1450,1500,1550,1600℃br亮度温度下的有效逸出功分别为3.10,3.15,3.21,3.26 eV.寿命实验结果显示,该阴极在工作温度为1400℃br,直流负载为0.5 A/cm2的条件下,寿命超过4000 h.最后,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析仪、俄歇电子能谱仪以及结合氩离子刻蚀技术的深度俄歇能谱仪等分别对该阴极活性物质的分子结构,阴极表面微观形貌、元素成分及含量等进行了研究.结果表明,高温烧结合成了单一的铪酸钇物相,高温烧结过程中当一种Y3+价稀土氧化物Y2O3掺入Hf4+价的过渡金属氧化物HfO2时,会发生离子置换固溶,为了保持铪酸钇晶格的电中性,晶格中就会产生一个氧空位.当阴极在激活、老练、热发射测试时,会加速氧空位的生成,产生的氧空位越多,阴极表面导电性就会越好,这间接降低了逸出功,从而提高了阴极的热发射能力.