Optical properties in the far IR for a NiO single crystal

Antiferromagnetic resonance in the far IR is [1–4] of interest, especially for substances whose Néel temperatures are well above room temperature. NiO has a Néel temperature of 523 K; here we report results for the 100–1000 m range.     

Spectral analysis of a laser beam

The formulas of the dependence of the spectral laser power distribution and its spectral half-width on the physical parameters of its laser active medium are derived. In addition it is found that, if the gain line profile has a Lorentzian or Gaussian distribution, the spectral laser power distribution is of a Lorentzian profile. The spectral halfwidth of the laser beam in both cases are slightly different form each other. For a general gain line profile, the spectral laser power distribution behaves as a differential form like that of the gain line profile.The spectral halfwidth of He/Ne laser beam having powers (0·5 mW, 1·0 mW, 3·0 mW and 50 mW) and that of their longitudinal modes, the laser gain factor and the difference between the population atomic densities of the upper and lower energy levels for the laser line transition are experimentally determined.     

Optical properties of new indotricarbocyanine dye as a limiter of laser radiation power

We present results of experimental and theoretical studies of the optical characteristics of a new indotricarbocyanine dye that is capable of effectively limiting the power of laser radiation in the visible spectral range. The spectral-luminescent and energy characteristics of the dye molecules and their absorption spectra from the excited state with nanosecond resolution are investigated experimentally. Quantum-chemical methods are used to calculate electronic absorption spectra from the ground (S₀ → S_n) and excited (S₁ → S_n) states and to determine the nature of electronic states of the molecule and the rate constants of intramolecular photophysical processes. The results of the theoretical research agree with experimental data. It is shown that the investigated dye has singlet-singlet absorption at 400–600 nm. Nonlinear absorption of the dye upon excitation by radiation of the second harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser is studied by z-scanning with an open diaphragm. The ratio of dye absorption cross sections from the excited and ground states at 532 nm is determined in the framework of a three-level model. The results are compared with those for previously studied compounds. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 4, pp. 473–480, July–August, 2007.     

Optical levitation of absorbing particles with a nominally Gaussian laser beam

We use a Gaussian laser beam to study the levitation of absorbing Mie particles. Several metal oxide particles are stably levitated, and their movement over time is recorded. Our studies show that the position of each particle is highly dependent on the other particles' locations. The observations are explained by the phenomenon of thermal creep. The increased local pressure that is due to a temperature gradient along the particle's surface induces levitation. The particles rest close to minima in the intensity distribution near the optical axis. An experiment is suggested that can be used to locate these minima in a laser beam.     

Optical guiding of a radially polarized laser beam for inverseCherenkov acceleration in a plasma channel

In a conventional inverse Cherenkov accelerator (ICA), the background neutral gas provides the necessary dispersion to maintain the synchronism between the drive laser and the accelerated electrons. A laser-driven ICA is susceptible to diffraction, and the acceleration length is limited to approximately a Rayleigh range (for a Gaussian beam). In this paper, an ICA configuration is proposed that avoids the laser diffraction limitation by employing a preformed plasma channel. It is shown that a radially polarized laser beam can be optically guided if the plasma density increases with radius-like r². Expressions for the guided axial and radial components of the laser field are derived, and a numerical example is discussed     

Optical guiding of laser beam in nonuniform plasma

A plasma channel produced by a short ionising laser pulse is axially nonuniform resulting from the self-defocusing. Through such preformed plasma channel, when a delayed pulse propagates, the phenomena of diffraction, refraction and self-phase modulation come into play. We have solved the nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation governing the propagation characteristics for an approximate analytical solution using variational approach. Results are compared with the theoretical model of Liu and Tripathi (Phys. Plasmas 1, 3100 (1994)) based on paraxial ray approximation. Particular emphasis is on both beam width and longitudinal phase delay which are crucial to many applications.     

Polarization converter for higher-order laser beams using a single binary diffractive optical element as beam splitter

We propose a new approach to generating a pair of initial beams for a polarization converter that operates by summing up two opposite-sign circularly polarized beams. The conjugated pairs of vortex beams matched with laser modes are generated using binary diffractive optical elements (DOEs). The same binary element simultaneously serves two functions: a beam shaper and a beam splitter. Two proposed optical arrangements are compared in terms of alignment complexity and energy efficiency. The DOEs in question have been designed and fabricated. Natural experiments that demonstrate the generation of vector higher-order cylindrical beams have been conducted.     

红外/激光双模共口径光学系统设计

针对未来导弹的发展趋势,提出一种红外/激光双模共口径光学系统设计方案,可用于获取目标的双模信息。分析了光学系统的基本参数,研究了双模共口径系统的设计思想,并进行了光学系统设计。所设计系统实现了长波红外和激光双波段的共口径成像。红外部分相对孔径1.27,光学系统传递函数接近于衍射限;激光部分相对孔径0.63,接近于理论极限,成像光斑能量分布均匀,线性区范围内光斑变化较小。     

Optical elements of a laser cavity for the production of a beam with axially symmetric polarization

Optics and Spectroscopy - For obtaining laser radiation with the azimuthal and radial types of polarization, special diffraction elements were used as a totally reflecting mirror of a laser cavity....     

高能激光束在线测量系统的光强衰减设计

针对环形光刀取样式高能激光束在线测量系统应用中光电探测器线性饱和功率密度低而被测高能激光功率密度高的特点,采用对取样激光扩束和介质膜衰减片级联衰减的方式,实现了数千倍的线性光强衰减。介绍了环形光刀扫描取样及其扩束衰减原理,并对介质膜衰减片在激光入射角 0°~15° 和功率密度1~1 000 W/cm2条件下的透过率特性进行了分析,用实验验证了该光强衰减设计的有效性。     

Optical guiding of elliptical laser beam in nonuniform plasma

Guiding of laser beam in plasma channel formed by short ionizing laser pulse is studied in this paper. When a delayed pulse propagates through this channel diffraction, refraction and self-phase modulation phenomena results which are not balanced resulting in increase/decrease in beam width. These are studied using direct Variational Technique. In this paper cross-focussing phenomena is not observed. Parameters like beam width and longitudinal-phase delay of elliptical laser beam are also studied. It has been observed that the propagation of semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of elliptical beam are independent leading to oscillating guided beam.     

IR diode laser absorption spectroscopy in an no seeded molecular beam

Diode laser spectroscopy of a molecular beam containing 5–10% NO in He at pressures < 1 bar showed that the rotational temperature of the NO in the beam could be measured in an ordinary molecular beam apparatus using absorption spectroscopy. Molecular beams used for various purposes, such as surface scattering, can thus be characterized without excessive complication of the experimental set-up. The sensitivity of the method is good enough to allow characterization of low intensity beams, e.g. radical beams.     

Q开关Nd:YAG脉冲激光对红外滤光片的损伤效应

 介绍了由滤光片膜层结构决定的激光在光学薄膜中形成温度场及驻波场特性。用1.06μm调Q Nd:YAG激光器，在激光脉冲宽度10ns和光斑直径0.61μm的条件下，进行了激光辐照红外滤光片的损伤特性实验研究。根据脉冲激光辐照红外滤光片后样品损伤分析，发现滤光片的最初损伤发生在里面的膜层中，从而在实验上验证了计算得到的滤光片膜层中存在其温度场及驻波场的结果。它对提高红外滤光片的抗激光辐照能力研究具有一定的参考价值。     

Optical and IR study of CdS nanoparticles dispersed in a new confined p-phenylenevinylene

In the present study we have synthesized CdS semiconducting quantum dots by reverse micelle method using dodecanthiol (C₁₂H₂₆S) as the capping agent. The synthetic medium consists of a quaternary water/Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/buta-1-ol/hexane microemulsion. The size of the particles was controlled by changing the molar ratio W=[H₂O]/[SdS], where [H₂O] and [SdS] are the molar concentrations in hexane of water and SdS respectively. The CdS nanoparticles were embedded in a new PPV derivate named Fluorinated Bisphenol A P-phenylenevinylene (BPAF-PPV). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed a strong interaction of thiol groups with CdS nanoparticles. Blue shift of the optical absorption onset is observed due to quantum size effect. The band gap and particle sizes of the nanoparticles were deduced from optical absorption spectra and the use of an effective mass approximation (EMA) model. Photoluminescence spectroscopy evidenced a charge transfer process via the interface between BPAF-PPV/CdS nanoparticles.     

Method for converting a Gaussian laser beam into a uniform beam

The use of a phase filter to convert a gaussian laser beam into a beam with more uniform irradiance distribution is discussed. This phase filter is calculated by employing an iterative procedure on a computer. A computer-generated hologram of this phase function is used to experimentally verify the feasibility of this method.     

掺镱双包层光纤激光器典型参数对斜线效率的影响

分析了双包层光纤激光器(DCFL)耦合方程的解析解，并对信号光散射损耗、后腔镜泵浦反射率等影响掺镱DCFL斜线效率的典型参数进行了理论研究。结果表明，斜线效率并不是随着后腔镜泵浦反射率的升高而单调增大，因为泵浦反射率的升高会影响光纤的最佳长度，从而降低斜线效率。所以在优化斜线效率时应该考虑到泵浦反射率和光纤最佳长度之间的匹配。同时，提高纤芯掺杂浓度、减小信号光散射损耗也能增大斜线效率。     

Optical properties of low-temperature magnesium laser plasma

Results are reported of an experimental study of ehe optical properties of the plasma produced when magnesium vapor is irradiated by resonant laser emission ( = 285.2 nm). The spectral and temporal characteristics of the vapor luminescence were measured. An additional laser source was used to study the kinetics of the plasma formation and decay. The conditions for obtaining a plasma with a large ion content were determined. At 1 kW resonance radiation and at a magnesium-atom concentration 4·10¹⁵ cm^-3 the ion concentration was 2·10¹⁴ cm^-3. Lasing on the 4³S₁–3³P₂ transition of the magnesium atom ( = 518 nm) was obtained for the first time and was the result of rapid transfer of the excitation from the singlet system of levels to the unperturbed triplet system via secondary processes accompanying the particle collisions.Translated from Lazernye Sistemy, pp. 35–45, 1982.     

Optical properties of pulsed laser heated soot

To investigate the transient change of soot optical properties resulting from pulsed laser heating of soot in a cooled exhaust plume we have simultaneously performed cw light extinction at 405 and 830 nm and elastic light scattering at 1064 nm. A reversible increase to the 830-nm light extinction of up to 7%, observed during the time period where the soot was hot, suggests a temperature-dependent light absorption refractive index function, E(m _λ ). At low fluence, small permanent increases of E(m _λ ) of <2% were also observed. 405-nm extinction measurements revealed that the soot likely contained material which continued to absorb 405-nm radiation when desorbed, thus complicating measurement interpretation. 1064-nm light scattering measurements showed a gradual decrease of scattering propensity with increasing laser fluence up to the point of material loss, which is consistent with the expected decrease of the structure factor of the soot aggregates as they expand. It is concluded that variations of the optical properties are occurring at the time of laser-induced incandescence (LII) emission, which should be accounted for in time-resolved LII measurement interpretation.     

Vibration analysis of a new curved beam element

The common practice in developing a locking-free curved beam element is to ensure that its interpolation functions of displacement explicitly satisfy the inextensible bending mode condition for the membrane locking-free instead of the rigid body modes. In this paper, we study the impact of this practice on the dynamic characteristics of a finite element by conducting vibration analysis using our newly developed three-node locking-free curved beam element. In this case, the inextensible bending mode condition is satisfied explicitly, while the rigid body modes are satisfied implicitly to 4th-order accuracy. Numerical and experimental examples show that with the newly developed curved beam element, developed by using the implicit representation of a rigid body mode condition, it is possible to recover the rigid body modes of curved beams with low and medium slenderness ratios. This is even true for cases involving a half-circular element and the vibration of the curved beam is predicted with high accuracy.     

Thermocapillary self-focusing of a laser beam: A theoretical analysis

A gaussian laser beam reflected from a thermocapillary liquid surface self-focuses at a distance L from the sample surface at a time-instant t_s after the beginning of the irradiation. The theoretical relation t_s(L) is calculated as a function of the liquid physical properties and the laser power.