原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数与元素电负性的关系

在基态原子价壳层电子隐核图的基础上, 基于拓扑化学原理以及原子价壳层电子结构特征, 构建了原子价壳层电子量子拓扑指数(AEI), 它对基态原子实现唯一性表征, 结合原子价壳层电子平均化能(∑n_iE_i/∑n_i)等参数, 建立了一套新的元素电负性标度: X_N＝－0.588710AEI₁＋0.761214AEI₂＋0.154982(∑n_iE_i/∑n_i)－0.080929. 该式给出了周期表中氢至镅共95种元素的电负性, 结果表明新电负性标度X_N与Pauling电负性标度颇为一致. 进一步从原子价轨道量子拓扑指数确定了sp, sp², sp³杂化轨道的电负性. 新标度在元素和物质的结构-性质研究中具有一定的适用性.     

一种电负性新标度：基态自由原子价壳层电子平均吸引能

原子吸引价电子的总能力可由基态自由原子的价电子离子化能(TIE=Σn_iE_i)及其电子亲合能(EA)之和来度量。该和值亦称为总吸引能,记为TAE=Σn_iE_i+EA,此处E_i为基态自由原子价壳层电子的离子化能,Σn_i为与之相关的价壳层电子数,EA则是电子亲合能。所指出的新电负性标度χ_CL与总吸引能TAE除以原子价壳层电子数目Σn_i之值即平均吸引能成正比：χ_CL=0.1813 AAE=0.1813 TAE/Σn_i=0.1813(Σn_iE_i+EA)/Σn_i,进一步从原子总吸引能TAE可确定其价轨道电负性。     

拓扑化学行为及其对镧系元素和锕系元素的QSPR应用

提出拓扑化学行为概念,把对化合物性质最具影响力的因素归纳为拓扑生长力和拓扑阻滞力。根据该原理,利用价电子轨道能量对价电子距离矩阵进行修正。研究表明OET(轨道能量拓扑指数)对镧系元素和锕系元素的物理化学性质具有良好的应用，尤其是对尚未借助QSPR(定量结构性质关系)手段进行研究的光谱性质。LOO CV(留一法交叉检验)的结果验证了模型的良好稳定性和预测能力,采用的检验参数有：PRESS/SSY，SEP_CV，R_CV，S_PRESS 和PSE，其中PRESS/SSY比值介于0.000 6和0.114 8之间。与文献进行比较,本文方法所得结果与之接近或更好。研究显示正是基于拓扑化学行为才有本文方法良好和较广的应用。     

一种价态元素电负性的新标度

本文利用原子的价层轨道能、共价半径和有效主量子数为主要参数，以静电力为基础计算了价态元素电负性，本文计算了78种元素常见价态的电负性，由此，产生了一套价态元素电负性的新标度，其计算公式为：X_y=0.070n^*(-∑E_i)^1/2/r_c²+0.820式中E_i为原子的价层轨道能，r_c为原子的共价半径，n^*为有效主量子数。该标度不但容易理解和计算,而且标度值比已有的文献值更接近传统的鲍林电负性值。此外，该标度值的相对大小还能反映配合物的稳定性，过渡金属收缩和镧系元素收缩等性质。     

(GaP)n和(GaP)n－ (n＝10～16)团簇的结构与稳定性研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/Lanl2dz方法对(GaP)_n和(GaP)_n^－ (n＝10～16)团簇的一系列异构体的结构和稳定性进行了研究. 讨论了中性团簇得到一个电子之后, 几何结构和电子性质的变化. 频率分析预测出最强吸收峰位于341～390 cm^－1区域. 从能隙、结合能和能量二次差分等方面综合考虑, 具有T_h对称性的(GaP)₁₂和(GaP)₁₂^－分别是中性(GaP)_n和阴离子(GaP)_n^－团簇中最稳定的, 而具有T_d点群结构的(GaP)₁₆也比较稳定, 究竟哪种结构易于合成还有待于实验的进一步证实. 在相同理论水平上计算了基态(GaP)_n (n＝10～16)的绝热电子亲合势(AEAs)及其基态阴离子的垂直电离能(VDEs), 这对以后的实验数据分析将有一定的参考价值.     

GamN (m＝1～9)团簇结构与稳定性的量子化学研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-31G*水平上对Ga_mN (m＝1～9)团簇的几何构型、电子结构、振动频率等性质进行了理论研究. 给出了将Ga_mN团簇中化学键键型和成键数目的多少与团簇的稳定性相结合, 可以较快找到Ga_mN团簇基态结构的一种方法. 通过对基态结构的能量二次差分讨论, 得到m为奇数的Ga_mN团簇比m为偶数的稳定.     

用密度泛函和遗传算法研究Cun (n≤20) 团簇的尺寸效应

结合遗传算法和Gupta多体势系统地搜索金属团簇Cu_n (n≤20)的几何结构, 并利用密度泛函方法进一步确定最稳定构型. 分析了平均键长、平均配位数、结合能、二阶差分能、电离势和电子亲和势等性质随着尺寸的变化规律. 发现在Cu₇处团簇最稳定构型从二维结构转向三维结构, Cu_n (n≤20)团簇的幻数为8, 13, 20. 团簇的键长、配位数和结合能属性随着尺寸的增长而递增最终接近相应的体相值; 而二阶差分能、电离势和电子亲和势随着尺寸增加出现奇偶交替, 说明偶数电子形成闭壳层结构, 比相邻团簇更稳定.     

Ru(Ⅱ)和Ru(Ⅲ)配合物[Ru(bpy)(PH3)(-C≡CC6H4NO2-p)Cl]m(m=0，+1)的光谱性质的密度泛函-含时密度泛函理论研究

我们利用DFT中的B3LYP方法优化了Ru(Ⅱ)配合物和氧化的Ru(Ⅲ)配合物[Ru(bpy)(PH₃)(-C≡CC₆H₄NO₂-p)Cl]^m[bpy=2，2′-bipyridine;m=0 (1)，+1 (1⁺)]的基态几何结构，得到的几何参数与实验结果吻合的很好。采用TDDFT方法，得到了配合物1和1⁺的激发态电子结构和电子吸收光谱。研究结果表明，配合物1和1⁺随着氧化过程的发生，光谱性质也发生变化，Ru(Ⅱ)配合物的低能吸收被指认为MLCT/LLCT混合跃迁，而氧化的Ru(Ⅲ)配合物1⁺的低能吸收具有LMCT跃迁性质。     

Al、Co和Mn掺杂对LiNiO2结构的影响

本文采用XRD和EXAFS研究Al、Co和Mn原子掺杂对LiNiO₂材料结构的影响。XRD结果表明掺杂材料具有与LiNiO₂相同的晶体结构，都属于R3m点群，但是晶胞略微缩小，LiNiO₂的层状结构得到改善,阳离子有序度增强。从EXAFS数据拟合结果可以看出，引入掺杂原子Al、Co和Mn减弱了Jahn-Teller畸变，使得NiO₆八面对称性提高。掺杂Al和Co使得第一壳层Ni-O配位键长减小，掺杂Mn原子影响不明显。Al、Co和Mn掺杂使第二壳层Ni-Ni配位键长减小，Co和Mn掺杂使得第二壳层局域有序度提高，而Al的引入使得第二壳层局域有序度降低。     

基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数与元素的电负性

构建了基态原子价壳层电子能级连接性指数(^mVEI),m=0,1,2,…，它对基态原子实现唯一性表征，其中^0VEI,^1VEI对原子具有良好的结构选择性，以^0VEL,^1VEL，价壳层电子总离子化能(ΣniEi)和总从电子数(Σni)为基本参数，定义了元素的电负性：X~N=0.444067+1.190653(1-1.32775/Σni)(^0VEI)-3.154675(^1VEI)+0.134591.(ΣniEi/Σni)。用上式给出了周期表中主族元素、副族元素及惰性元素的电负性。结果表明，新电负性标度X~N与目前流行的Pauling标度颇为一致。进一步从价轨道能级连接性指数确定了碳原子的sp,sp^2,sp^3杂化轨道的电负性。     

On a new semi‐empirical electrotopological index for QSRR models

A new semi‐empirical electrotopological index, I_SET, for quantitative structure–retention relationships (QSRR) models was developed based on the refinement of the previously published semi‐empirical topological index, I_ET. We demonstrate that the values of C_i fragments that were firstly attributed from the experimental chromatographic retention and theoretical deductions have an excellent relationship with the net atomic charge of the carbon atoms. Thus, the values attributed to the vertices in the hydrogen‐suppressed graph of carbon atoms (C_i) are calculated from the correlation of the net atomic charge in each carbon atom, which is obtained from quantum chemical semi‐empirical calculations, and the C_i fragments for primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbon atoms (1.0, 0.9, 0.8 and 0.7, respectively) obtained from the experimental values. This shows that I_ET encoded this quantum physical reality and that it is possible to calculate a new I_SET (the semi‐empirical electrotopological index) through the net atomic charge values obtained from a Mulliken population analysis using the semi‐empirical AM1 method and their correlation with the values attributed to the different types of carbon atoms. This demonstrates that the I_SET encodes information on the charge distribution of the solute on which dispersive and electrostatic interactions between the solute (alkanes and alkenes) and the stationary phase strongly depend. Thus, this new method can be considered as an initial step towards forthcoming QSRR/QSAR studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于密度泛函理论分析团簇ConMoS(n=1~5)电子性质、光学性质及磁性

为了从理论层面深入探究团簇 Co_nMoS(n=1~5)的电子性质、光学性质及磁性,弄清其内在关联,依据拓扑学原理和密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/def2-TZVP量子化学水平和多个自旋多重度下对该团簇进行结构优化并分析。结果表明：团簇ConMoS共有21种稳定构型;通过对NPA(自然布居分析,natural population analysis)电荷、静电势、亲电指数、电离势、光学电负性和折射率等分析得出,金属原子有高概率失去电子,非金属原子相对更容易得到电子,团簇Co₅MoS中的构型5a在最稳定构型中有高的得失电子能力、反应活性和折射率,Co和Mo原子易发生亲核反应,S原子易发生亲电反应;对该团簇自旋布居数、原子磁矩、轨道磁矩和态密度分析发现,该团簇磁性主要由Co原子的d轨道提供,且团簇Co₃MoS表现出了比其它尺寸团簇更为稳定和优异的磁性。最终得出团簇Co₃MoS在磁性方面有较好的表现且构型5a在活性和光学领域有一定的潜力。     

基于密度泛函理论分析团簇ConMoS(n=1~5)电子性质、光学性质及磁性

为了从理论层面深入探究团簇Co_nMoS （n=1~5）的电子性质、光学性质及磁性,弄清其内在关联,依据拓扑学原理和密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/def2-TZVP量子化学水平和多个自旋多重度下对该团簇进行结构优化并分析。结果表明：团簇Co_nMoS共有21种稳定构型;通过对NPA （自然布居分析,natural population analysis）电荷、静电势、亲电指数、电离势、光学电负性和折射率等分析得出,金属原子有高概率失去电子,非金属原子相对更容易得到电子,团簇Co₅MoS中的构型5a在最稳定构型中有高的得失电子能力、反应活性和折射率,Co和Mo原子易发生亲核反应,S原子易发生亲电反应;对该团簇自旋布居数、原子磁矩、轨道磁矩和态密度分析发现,该团簇磁性主要由Co原子的d轨道提供,且团簇Co₃MoS表现出了比其它尺寸团簇更为稳定和优异的磁性。最终得出团簇Co₃MoS在磁性方面有较好的表现且构型5a在活性和光学领域有一定的潜力。     

Recent advances in instrumentation for absolute emission quantum yield measurements

The fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields (Φ) of standard solutions have been re-evaluated based on an absolute method using an integrating sphere equipped with a multichannel spectrometer. We have examined in detail the Φ value of ruthenium(II) tris(2,2′-bipyridine) complex which have been often used as the standards in the determination of quantum yields of transition-metal complexes. This revealed that the Φ values for [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ were 0.063 in deaerated H₂O, 0.040 in aerated H₂O, 0.095 in deaerated CH₃CN, and 0.018 in aerated CH₃CN, respectively, which are significantly higher than the previously accepted values.We have also examined the technical aspects in the determination of absolute emission quantum yields for lanthanide complexes and those of organic crystals of anthracene. For the accurate determination for lanthanide complexes, special care must be taken in the spectroscopic measurements because of their narrow absorption and emission bands. For organic crystals, the fluorescence quantum yields are reduced due to reabsorption, chemical impurities and structural defects. Our observations for highly purified anthracene crystals revealed that the lower limit value of Φ was 0.64.     

Structure elucidation with lanthanide induced shifts. 7—development of a reliable method for structure evaluation and the application to organic nitriles

A useful and reliable procedure has been developed for the evaluation of the structures of organic nitriles using lanthanide shift reagents. The procedure is based on a statistical comparison of the experimental lanthanide induced shifts (LIS) with values which are predicted with the pseudocontact equation for a proposed structure. The experimental LIS are obtained by nonlinear regression analysis of the chemical shifts observed in the presence of varying amounts of the shift reagent, Eu(fod)₃. The precise geometry for a proposed structure is obtained from molecular mechanics calculations. The LIS are then predicted with the pseudocontact equation using k=976.6 and a europium-nitrogen bond length of 2.50 Å. (Detailed arguments are presented in support of these values.) The carbon-nitrogen-europium array is approximately linear, although small distortions from linearity are both expected and observed.     

烷烃加和型性质的拓扑同系递变规律研究

用分子中原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色, 在距离矩阵的基础上结合分子中各原子的支化度构建一组拓扑指数ND, 它对分子结构实现唯一性表征, 具有优良的结构选择性, 用ND指数对链烷烃的加和型性质及同系递变规律进行研究, 结果表明烷烃加和型性质P可用下式来定量描述: P＝aND₁＋bND₂＋cND₃＋d, 其中a, b, c, d为常数. 用该式对85种链烷烃的标准生成焓Δ_fH^ө_m, 标准熵Δ_fS^ө_m, 标准生成吉布斯自由能Δ_fG^ө_m及67种链烷烃的摩尔体积V_m, 摩尔折射度R_m进行预测, 预测值与实验值吻合良好.     

DARC “Logic Method” for Molal Volume Prediction

Abstract

Topological methods for molecule volume prediction based on local fragments centered on all carbons of aliphatic alkanes (C6-C11, C12) are proposed and evaluated. The LOGIC method dealing with local to global information construction is based on local environment (FREL_B) partition of information, both structural and physical, and the use of these FRELs to correlate the molal volumes V. Different topological vectorial sets of various depths, dealing with atom and bond FRELs, are used to optimize the contributions V _D of a set of prime FRELs constituting the reference set structured in a hyperstructure linking 70 FREL_B. The accuracy of determining fragment volumic contributions is traced by the decreasing number of hits resulting in the modeling of the C6-C11 populations. The training set of the V values is tested on the 355 alkanes of the C12 population. This extrapolation leads to excellent statistical results of the LOGIC method, which is a “parent structure free” similarity correlation although its application here is “aliphatic alkane” oriented. The set of V _D values is obtained through the combined use of several topological sets and the resolution of FREL intersections to control redundant structural information. In practice its application is simple and strictly additive.     

Application of variable anti-connectivity index to active sites. Modelling pK a values of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids

A partial distance-weighted variable anti-connectivity topological index was introduced for modelling pK _a values of 31 aliphatic carboxylic acids and haloalkyl-carboxylic acids. The partial distance-weighted variable anti-connectivity index showed superior modelling capabilities compared with the index calculated from the complete graph, because it is capable of accounting correctly for the intramolecular interactions of unconnected vertices to specific bond strengths (active site), thereby improving the RMS_CV error by about 30% (0.221 pK _a units).