尿液中对羟苯基丙酮酸的分光光度法测定

研究了分光光度法测定对羟苯基丙酮酸;实验表明在碱性介质中,对羟苯基丙酮酸的λmax=329 nm,其含量在0.001～2 mg/L范围内与吸光度值呈良好的线性关系,摩尔吸光系数ε为5.26×104L@mol-1@cm-1,方法检出限为0.0078 mg/L(以3σ计);该法操作简单、快速,无需昂贵的仪器,数据重现性好,其最大的优点是可以有效地消除同类物质如对羟苯基丙氨酸、对羟苯基丙乳酸和对羟苯基丙酸等的干扰,是测定微量对羟苯基丙酮酸的特效方法;该法应用于尿液中对羟苯基丙酮酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

裂解加热-荧光毛细管法快速测定血液红细胞内丙酮酸

在常规红细胞处理方法中,用生理盐水对红/白细胞清洗分离会导致细胞内丙酮酸外渗,造成丙酮酸测定值不能反映细胞内丙酮酸的真实浓度。本研究设计了"氯化铵裂解液特异性裂解红细胞-离心分离白细胞/血小板-加热去除蛋白-丙酮酸酶荧光毛细管分析"方法。最优化的血样预处理条件是:以16000 r/min离心血液1 min,获得红细胞;裂解液裂解红细胞后在100℃下加热5 min。对比实验发现,本方法优于其它红细胞处理法。本研究中丙酮酸测定方法的线性范围为10～120 mmol/L;检出限为0.98 mmol/L;灵敏度为5.64 F L/mmol,高于文献方法60倍以上;测定红细胞内丙酮酸值的相对标准偏差小于2.8%(n=11),回收率在98.3%～104.1%之间。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人参皂甙Compound-K的含量

人参皂甙compound-K(C-K)在人参中的含量极低,但它是其他含量较高的人参皂甙Rb1和Rb2等在人体肠道内的主要 降解产物和最终吸收形式,具有很高的生物活性。采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了人参总皂甙发酵液中C-K的含量。色谱 条件为:反相C18柱;乙腈-水(体积比为48∶52)溶液为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;紫外检测波长203 nm;柱温35 ℃;外标法 定量。结果表明:C-K的质量浓度为0.05~0.8 g/L时,其峰面积与质量浓度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998。方法 的检测限(S/N=3)为2.5 mg/L,峰面积测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.20%。测定栽培人参总皂甙及三七茎叶总皂甙微生 物发酵液中C-K的平均加标回收率(n=3)分别为98.6%和99.7%。该方法快速简便,准确可靠,可用于C-K的制备研究及药物 开发。     

高效液相色谱法分析内生真菌草酸青霉的代谢产物黑麦酮酸A

建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定内生真菌草酸青霉发酵液中黑麦酮酸A的方法。采用AgilentXDB-C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),确定了最佳色谱条件:流动相为甲醇和水(70∶30,V/V),DAD检测器,检测波长为320 nm,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量20μL。结果表明,在0.4～22 mg/L范围内,相关系数r=0.9996。在加标水平为0.5,5.0和15.0 mg/L时,平均回收率为86.0%～106.7%;相对标准偏差RSD<6%;检出限为0.08 mg/L,具有较好的精密度和准确度。本方法已对10批实际样品进行发酵提取和分析,RSD=4.4%,可应用于内生真菌发酵优化过程中代谢产物黑麦酮酸A的定量分析。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法测定发酵液中的喷司他丁

建立了测定发酵液中喷司他丁含量的反相高效液相色谱-质谱分析方法。采用的色谱条件: 色谱柱为Hypersil ODS2柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm);流动相为甲醇/乙腈/10 mmol/L乙酸铵(pH 7.6)(2.5/2.5/95, v/v/v),流速为1.0 mL/min;检测波长为280 nm;柱温为40 ℃;进样量为10 μL。喷司他丁在1.0～100 mg/L范围内有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9999。该方法精密度好,稳定性高,能简便、快速、准确地测定发酵液中喷司他丁的含量。     

一步法制备铁氮掺杂碳点荧光探针用于测定丙酮酸

以邻苯二甲酸为前体,三乙烯二胺为氮源,氯化血红素为铁源,采用一步微波法制备了荧光量子产率约20.8%的新型铁氮掺杂碳点（Fe,N@CDs）,并对其形貌、组成及发光性能进行了研究。Fe,N@CDs在425 nm激发波长下能够发射出500 nm的绿色荧光。基于Fe, N@CDs的荧光猝灭作用,建立了对丙酮酸定量测定的方法。在50～350μmol/L范围内,Fe,N@CDs的荧光猝灭程度与丙酮酸浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R2=0.998,检出限（LOD）为16.7μmol/L。该方法成功应用于胎牛血清蛋白中丙酮酸含量的检测,回收率范围为99.3%～103.4%。     

紫外分光光度法测定丙酮酸

基于丙酮酸在紫外吸收光谱290～340nm区有较强的吸收,建立了分光光度法测定丙酮酸(盐)的方法。在pH11．0的水溶液中,位于320nm处,丙酮酸有吸收,而其他有机酸和杂质无吸收或吸收不明显。在320nm处,丙酮酸在0．2～2．8g／L范围内符合比耳定律,其R2为0．9997,平均回收率99．8％,RSD0．46％。该法适合于发酵液和分离提取过程中丙酮酸及其盐类的测定。     

离子色谱法定量检测酒曲发酵液中的河豚毒素

建立了一种离子色谱定量检测酒曲发酵液中河豚毒素的分析方法。样品经乙腈(含0.1%磷酸)溶液提取和阳离子交换柱净化后,采用离子交换色谱柱分离和紫外检测。在优化的条件下,酒曲样品中的河豚毒素在10～100 mg/L内呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.997),加标回收率为90%～103%,相对标准偏差小于4.9%,检出限(信噪比为3)为1.0 mg/L。结果表明,该方法能达到定量检测的目的。将该方法应用于实际样品的检测,验证了方法的可靠性。河豚毒素初步降解实验发现,随着时间的推移,酒曲中河豚毒素的含量逐渐减少,表明酒曲发酵液对河豚毒素的降解效果显著。     

二维液相色谱法在线检测哈茨木霉发酵液中2460A含量

建立了在线检测哈茨木霉发酵液中微量2460A的二维液相色谱方法。利用Ultimate 3000双三元液相色谱仪,采用阀切换二维色谱技术,组合3根色谱柱实现2460A的在线净化、富集和含量检测。净化柱采用资生堂MF C8柱(10 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),富集柱采用资生堂MGC18柱(20 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),以水-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速2.0 m L/min;二维分析柱采用Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5.0μm),以水-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L/min;进样量1.0 m L;柱温40℃;检测波长424 nm。方法验证结果显示,2460A的线性范围为0.0025~10.0 mg/L(r=0.9981,n=8),检出限为1.2μg/L;定量限为2.5μg/L;方法回收率为88.0%~104.4%。     

离子交换法分离乳酸转化液中的丙酮酸

从13种树脂中筛选出SD-4型弱碱性离子交换树脂,用于分离乳酸转化液中的丙酮酸.考察了不同操作条件对固定床离子交换效果的影响.结果表明,上样pH为1.85,流速1.5BV/h时,可得到较高的工作交换容量(2.08mmol/g湿树脂),并且可以用流出液pH 2.5作为判断终止进样的依据;考察了固定床洗脱工艺条件,结果表明,去离子水淋洗即可除去乳酸,然后用盐酸洗脱丙酮酸.当盐酸浓度为2.0mol/L,逆流洗脱速度为1.0BV/h时,洗脱效果较好.采用较佳工艺进行固定床单柱操作,丙酮酸的收率达到85%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.