外开槽同轴波导大轨道回旋自谐振脉塞放大器

 运用大轨道电子束,对外开槽同轴波导回旋自谐振放大器进行了线性动力学理论分析和非线性自洽模型模拟。由线性动力学理论分析和非线性模拟得到的结果在线性增长部分吻合得很好。为了有效抑制绝对不稳定性,对电子束流的选择进行了讨论。计算结果表明：对于电压为700 kV, 电流为100 A, 电子束纵横向速度比为0.8的大轨道电子束, TE₅₁外开槽同轴波导回旋自谐振脉塞放大器的峰值功率和峰值效率分别可以达到6.27 MW和8.96%。     

Powerful millimeter-wave generators based on the stimulated Cerenkov radiation of relativistic electron beams

Effective relativistic Cerenkoy generators of various types were studied experimentally: orotrons, surface wave oscillators, and Smith-Purcell free-electron masers that were first realized. Single-mode generation was obtained in multimode systems using electrodynamic and electron methods of mode selection. The power obtained in this regime was 100 MW at 8.6 mm with the efficiency 10%, 50 MW at 5.5 mm with the efficiency 5%, and 8 MW at 2.4 mm with the efficiency 3%. In a multimode regime the power of 0.5 MW was obtained at 0.9 mm. The study of the dependence of the generation power on the value of the focusing magnetic field revealed the presence of zones of cyclotron power absorption, that were earlier observed in centimeter-wave generators.     

W波段带状注矩形单栅返波振荡器模拟研究

提出并研究了一种带状电子注矩形单栅返波振荡器。首先研究了矩形单栅慢波结构的色散特性和耦合阻抗特性,然后粒子模拟并优化设计了带状注矩形单栅高频结构,预群聚腔及输出一体化结构。研究结果表明:利用电压200kV、电压2kA、截面为24mm×0.5mm的带状电子注,驱动该矩形单栅返波振荡器,能够产生42 MW的输出功率,工作频率86GHz,效率为10.5%。     

W波段同轴静磁波荡器自由电子激光优化设计

基于同轴静磁波荡器的自由电子激光主要利用环形电子束与同轴TE模式的相互作用产生电磁辐射,是一种重要的毫米波辐射源。分析了同轴结构作用区内外半径、工作模式、电子束电压、波荡器周期等参数对辐射频率的影响规律,研究了电子束平均半径的选取原则和束波互作用腔的设计方法,设计了辐射频率在W波段的基于同轴静磁波荡器的自由电子激光,并进行了粒子模拟,在电子束电压为720 kV,电子束流为1 kA的情况下,获得了频率107 GHz、辐射功率35 MW的TE01模,束波转换效率为4.9%,束波作用腔总长度小于200 mm,同轴静磁波荡器的磁场幅度0.34 T。     

高功率微波行波阵列纵向宽角扫描特性

利用机械调节波导宽边尺寸可变化波导波长,从而实现变频波束扫描相同的效果,针对窄边辐射波导行波阵的波束扫描特性进行了分析,以实现宽角波束扫描为目标,着重分析了不同辐射缝隙间距下变化宽边所能得到的最大波束扫描范围。设计了通过变化宽边尺寸实现宽角扫描的X波段窄边辐射波导缝隙阵,设计波束扫描范围指向波导馈入端,避开阵列法向辐射(此方向辐射效率较低),实现了29°的连续波束扫描范围,在波束扫描范畴内增益下降小于3 dB,辐射效率大于62%;设计缝隙宽度3 mm, 波导长度约1 m(缝隙数40),单根波导缝隙天线可实现高功率微波功率容量70 MW。     

一种新的永久周期磁铁聚焦的高功率宽带放大器

 提出了一种新的高功率宽带放大器，它由速调管和自由电子脉塞组成，用永久周期磁铁聚焦。研究了这种器件的电子束聚焦、群聚和辐射。在速调管提供一阶调制系数为30%，波导管的半径1.51cm，摇摆器的磁场振幅0.16T，周期7.92cm，电子束的电压490kV，电流50A和半径0.368cm的条件下，预估这种器件的辐射波频率为11.4GHz，输出辐射功率为18MW，输出辐射带宽为44%。     

Linear Study of a Large-orbit Coaxial-waveguide Cyclotron Autoresonance Maser Amplifier

A linear theory based on Maxwell-Vlasov equations and the Laplace transform is presented to describe the large-orbit coaxial-waveguide cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) amplifier. A 35-GHz, TE_5,1-mode large-orbit coaxial-waveguide CARM amplifier is specifically analyzed. Good agreement between the linear theory and the nonlinear simulations is found in the exponentially growing region of the wave. Results show that the operating magnetic field and the electron-beam energy and average radius substantially affect the power, and especially, a small beam current may be unsuitable to a large-orbit CARM amplifier operation.     

X波段50 MW速调管的研制

介绍了一种X波段高峰值功率速调管的研制方案,目前该管在X波段已经实现脉冲输出功率50 MW,效率57%,脉宽达到3.6μs。通过COM法、圆波导行波窗、防晕环和陶瓷覆膜等关键技术的应用,解决了高效率、高峰值功率容量和高可靠性等难题。尤其是采用COM法优化电子注群聚,与采用二次谐波群聚法相比,在同样的高频管体长度下,可将互作用效率进一步提高10%左右。产品研制成功,将国内X波段速调管的功率水平由3 MW提升至50 MW,产品性能已达到国际先进水平。     

THz回旋自谐振脉塞多模束波互作用非线性模拟

为了有效分析模式竞争,建立了回旋自谐振脉塞（CARM）多模束波互作用自洽非线性理论模型,并具体模拟研究了工作模式为TM51、频率为0.35 THz的高阶横磁模CARM中大轨道相对论电子束与多电磁模式的互作用过程。模拟结果表明:与回旋管不同,THz频段CARM可以有效工作于高阶TM模式,且具有较高的输出功率和增益;通过对工作参数的优化,可使工作模式的功率增长具有绝对优势,而竞争模式得到有效抑制;高阶TM模式THz频段CARM的性能对工作参数的变化十分敏感,在参数设计过程中必须对其进行多模束波互作用模拟分析。     

Design of a high-efficiency C-band backward wave oscillator

For practicability of the high power microwave source,a C-band backward wave oscillator(BWO)which has high conversion efficiency is designed.When the axial guiding magnetic field is 0.83 T,the electron energy and the beam current of the diode are respectively 80 keV and 2.1 kA,a microwave output power of100 MW at 7.4 GHz microwave frequency with 65% conversion efficiency is achieved in simulation.     

X波段短脉冲相对论返波管设计与初步实验

 对基于短电子束脉冲超辐射机理的X波段相对论返波管进行了优化设计和粒子模拟,结果表明：在超辐射机理作用下,该器件能实现高峰值功率和高功率转换效率的微波辐射。在小型Tesla脉冲源基础上设计了阻抗变换段、二极管、磁场系统等装置,建立了一套小型窄脉冲电子加速器,以此为实验平台在低磁场条件下进行了器件的初步实验研究。在磁场0.73 T、束压约380 kV、束流约4.5 kA、脉宽3.1 ns条件下,实验获得的微波脉冲峰值功率约360 MW,脉宽1.10 ns,上升沿800 ps,频率9.15 GHz,功率转换效率为21%。     

离子通道电子束回旋脉塞的等离子体波效应

 研究了离子通道回旋电子束脉塞（ICECM）中的等离子体波非线性效应。利用流体理论与自洽非线性理论方法对ICECM中等离子体波效应的微观机理进行了分析。研究发现，等离子体波加强了电子束的纵向群聚，束-波互作用的能量交换效率及系统增益得到明显提高。数值模拟计算表明，对于中等等离子体密度、1.5kA电流和1MV加速电压的电子束，系统能够获得的脉冲功率和频率分别为200MW和280GHz的毫米波束。     

On Transient Time Reduction of a 2.4 GHz Relativistic Traveling Wave Oscillator with a Hollow Slow Wave System

The decrease in the transient time in a relativistic microwave traveling wave oscillator, in which the interaction is carried out between the relativistic electron beam and the fundamental harmonic of the forward-traveling electromagnetic wave slowed down to the speed of light in the hollow slow wave system system, has been numerically and experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that in this mode a high beam-to-wave coupling impedance up to ≈10 Ω is achieved, which ensures reduction of the transient time. In the experiment, a microwave peak power of 210 ± 30 MW at a frequency of 2.45 GHz in a guiding magnetic field of 0.16 T was obtained. The efficiency of the oscillator to convert the power of the electron beam into microwave power was 17 ± 3%. At the beam current pulse duration of about 50 ns the microwave pulse duration was about 20 ns and the transient time was about 22 ns.

     

X波段高功率相对论速调管放大器研究

为进一步提高X波段相对论速调管放大器的输出功率,采用理论分析与粒子模拟的方法对双群聚腔级联式相对论速调管放大器进行了研究。分析了提高注入腔对注入微波吸收效率的方法,分析了群聚腔调制能力与腔体模式、Q值等参数的关系,分析了输出腔提取效率与Q值的关系。在三维粒子仿真中,设计了模式反射器抑制TEM模式泄露与杂模振荡,得到了功率超过2.5 GW,频谱纯净,频率锁定为8.40 GHz,输出输入微波相位差稳定,抖动不超过2°的高功率微波输出。     

1.8 T直流磁体94 GHz连续波二次谐波回旋管

首次实现直流磁体W波段二次谐波回旋管连续波稳定运行。回旋管工作时所需1.8 T磁场由一个水冷直流线圈产生。直流线圈励磁电流为500 A,功耗28 kW,内孔直径66 mm,可直接将回旋管插入内孔中。回旋管内电子束由双阳极磁控注入电子枪产生。采用高效率内置准光模式变换器实现束波分离并输出准高斯波束。研制的回旋管工作频率为94.08 GHz,腔内工作模式为TE₀₂。实验中成功实现5 min连续稳定运行,输出功率达到12 kW。电子束电压为45 kV,电流1.7 A,对应的输出效率15.7 %。     

Study of a X-Bank Relativistic Backward Wave Oscillator with Variable Couple Impedance

An electromagnetic particle-in-cell code has been used to simulate the nonlinear beam wave interaction and other optimization issues of a X-band RBWO with variable couple impedance, the simulation results show: the device can high-efficiently generate microwave radiation of 950MW peak power at (9.06±O.03) GHz when it is driven by a 5KA-500KV annular electron beam, peak power efficiency is 38%. The preliminary experiment results show that the microwave-generating efficiency of the non-uniform impedance RBWO is about twice of the uniform case in the same operating conditions.     

A method to from a rectilinear electron beam with small pulsations for free electron masers

When a solid electron beam is formed by a two-electrode axially-symmetrical gun immersed in uniform axial magnetic field, the anode aperture, cutting off the near-axis part of the beam acts as an electrostatic lens and causes unwanted pulsations of the beam. Initial oscillations of electrons are especially unfavorable for free-electron masers (FEMs), in which they lead to a too large spread in the oscillating and, correspondingly, in the translational velocities of the particles. A method for compensation of the parasitic action of the anode aperture by means of a small correcting coil and formation of an electron beam with minimum pulsations is suggested in this paper. Results of estimations and numerical simulations demonstrating the effectiveness of the method when using it in an electron-optical system of a millimeter wavelengths cyclotron autoresonance maser (CARM) are discussed.     

Promising source of high-power broadband microwave pulses with radiation frequency variable up to two octaves

Using a numerical model, we propose a source of microwave pulses, based on the interaction of a high-current relativistic electron beam with plasma. The source is an intrinsic noise amplifier with a pulse duration shorter than 3 ns, which does not permit the emergence of feedback and self-excited generation. The wave gain factor depending on the plasma concentration makes it possible to control the radiation frequency in the range 4–17 GHz, within which a spectral width of ～2 GHz, a power of ～150 MW, and an energy efficiency up to 15% are preserved. The possibility of using the available small-size source of high-voltage pulses with a high repetition rate is considered.     

A high-power subterahertz surface wave oscillator with separated overmoded slow wave structures

A megawatt-level subterahertz surface wave oscillator(SWO) is proposed to obtain high conversion efficiency by using separated overmoded slow wave structures(SWSs). Aiming at the repetitive operation and practical applications, the device driven by electron beam with modest energy and current is theoretically analyzed and verified. Then,the functions of the two SWS sections and the effect of the drift tube are investigated by using a particle-in-cell code to reveal how the proposed device achieves high efficiency. The mode analysis of the beam-wave interaction region in the device is also carried out, and the results indicate that multi-modes participate in the premodulation of the electron beam in the first SWS section, while the TM01 mode surface wave is successfully and dominantly excited and amplified in the second SWS section. Finally, a typical simulation result demonstrates that at a beam energy of 313 ke V, beam current of 1.13 k A, and guiding magnetic field of above 3.5 T, a high-power subterahertz wave is obtained with an output power of about 70 MW at frequency 146.3 GHz, corresponding to the conversion efficiency of 20%. Compared with the results of the previous subterahertz overmoded SWOs with integral SWS and similar beam parameters, the efficiency increases almost 50% in the proposed device.     

0.14 THz过模表面波振荡器初步实验研究

为获得大功率太赫兹源,对基于表面波振荡器的相对论太赫兹源进行了初步的实验研究。为便于机械加工和实验装配,器件采用过模矩形波导慢波结构。利用理论分析和数值模拟得到的参数,在CKP1000加速器上进行了实验。功率测量采用辐射场功率密度积分方法,频率测量采用截止波导滤波法。在电子束压为320 kV、电子束流强度为2.1 kA、引导磁场为5 T条件下,实验获得频率0.136 THz以上、脉冲宽度为1.5 ns和辐射功率约2 MW的太赫兹信号输出。