以氮气为载气COIL的设计与实验

 根据以氮气为载气的特殊要求，对kW级氧碘化学激光器（COIL）装置的结构进行了有针对性的设计和实验研究。在氯气流量为140mol/s的情况下, 获得了2.6kW的功率, 相应的化学效率为20.4%, 喷管出口能流密度达到了74W/cm²。这一结果达到了以氦气为载气COIL的水平。     

A frequency-doubled pulsed chemical oxygen-iodine laser

The intracavity second-harmonic generation of pulsed chemical oxygen-iodine laser radiation was investigated. A pulsed chemical oxygen-iodine laser with a maximum output energy of 6.14 mJ was used. The second-harmonic output of 0.5 mJ was demonstrated using a lithium iodate crystal. The conversion efficiency of 8% was limited by intracavity losses. Numerical simulation predicts that a conversion efficiency of 75% can be obtained with 1% intracavity losses.     

High-pressure subsonic mode operation of chemical oxygen-iodine laser

A new regime of chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL), high-pressure subsonic mode operation, was demonstrated using a jet-type singlet oxygen generator (SOG). The laser output power of 342 W with chemical efficiency of 20.9% was obtained at the Cl₂ flow rate of 18 mmol/s and the operating pressure of 6.4 Torr in the laser cavity. The specific energy was 3.1 J/l which was four times higher than our supersonic device, and was comparable to the highest value for the supersonic regime. The experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. Received: 26 February 1999 / Revised version: 13 July 1999 / Published online: 30 November 1999     

紧凑的新型Yb:GdYAB自倍频激光器

报道了一种新型自倍频晶体Yb∶Gd0.2Y0.75(BO3)4(Yb∶GdYAB)在二极管激光器端面抽运条件下的连续光激光运转。为了实现紧凑的新型全固态激光器的激光运转,设计了一个平平谐振腔,两个镜子的分开距离仅为1 cm,在这种腔结构下,得到了中心波长为1044 nm的基频激光输出,当吸收抽运功率为4.22 W时,基频激光的最大输出功率为1.38 W,相应功率曲线最大斜效率为54%。为获得有效的自倍频激光输出,换用了平凹腔进行了自倍频实验。自倍频光运转阈值仅为900 mW,在吸收抽运功率为3.9 W的条件下,得到144 mW的自倍频绿色激光输出,获得从二极管激光器到绿光的直接光-光转换效率为3.7%。实验结果表明Yb∶GdYAB作为一种新型的自倍频晶体,对于紧凑的1μm波段的基频光和自倍频可见光激光器都有着很大的应用潜力。     

近共振传能放热对氧碘化学激光器性能的影响

在氧碘化学激光器(COIL)中,O2(1Δ)与I的近共振传能反应是一个放热反应;它与水汽等的猝灭放热反应一样会对激射过程产生不利影响,而且是不可避免的。计算了猝灭放热效应对光腔气动特性输出功率的影响。得到了近共振传能放热的大小与粒子数反转和激射的光子数相关,即与光腔内的增益、光场强度分布成正比,故主要发生在激光器的上游区前半部分。模型计算表明,其影响程度大致相当于7%水汽所致的对氧碘化学激光器的影响。完善了氧碘化学激光器理论计算模型。     

双波长Yb∶YAG连续激光理论及实验研究

报道了Yb∶YAG双波长激光振荡阈值的理论结果,实验获得了连续双波长激光输出.实验中,采用紧凑的平凹腔结构、940nm光纤耦合LD端面泵浦方式,Yb∶YAG晶体作为激光晶体,采用10%、15%和20%的输出耦合镜,分别实现了单波长和双波长激光输出,在最高泵浦功率为20 W时,输出耦合率分别为10%、20%,最高获得3.94W的1 050nm激光和3.40 W的1 030nm激光,对应的光光转换效率分别为19.7%和17.0%;当输出耦合率为15%、泵浦功率为11.7 W时,获得0.79 W的双波长激光,对应的光光转换效率为6.8%,功率比为1∶1.3,通过光栅光谱仪测量得到双波长谱线中心分别为1 030.31nm和1 047.50nm;当1 030nm激光功率为3.0 W时,30min内输出功率RMS稳定性优于0.18%.该实验结果与理论分析相吻合,可应用于设计稳定可靠的掺Yb双波长激光器.     

脉冲氧碘化学激光器的动力学模拟研究

根据氧碘化学激光器的反应机理建立了一维预混脉冲出光理论模型,从理论上研究了碘原子密度、单重态氧密度及产率、其他组分密度和光学参量(输出耦合率、增益长度等)对单脉冲能量及脉宽的影响.分析了影响单脉冲能量和激光脉宽的内部动力学过程.讨论了出光过程中增益开关效应.计算的结果为优化脉冲氧碘化学激光器提供了理论依据.     

Semi-gas kinetics model for performance modeling of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine lasers (COIL)

The gas pressure in a laser cavity of flowing chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL)is about 133.31333 Pa[1]. In this pressure range, effects of homogeneous and inhomo-geneous broadening competing with each other on the performances of a COIL are no-ticeable. Generally, a rate equation (RE) model is adopted to the performance modeling of a supersonic COIL, such as in refs. [1—4]. This model assumes the spectral line pro-file is homogeneously broadened. Homogeneous broadening assumption sim…     

基于曲面空间合束的多单管半导体激光光纤耦合

随着单管半导体激光器光纤耦合技术的不断发展,为了进一步提高多单管半导体激光器的输出功率,本文采用曲面空间排列方式对多个单管半导体激光器进行合束研究,使更多数量的单管半导体激光器耦合进入同一光纤中,获得更高的输出功率。文中利用ZEMAX光学设计软件进行仿真模拟,将34只波长为975 nm、输出功率为10 W的单管半导体激光器合束聚焦后耦合进芯径200 μm、数值孔径0.22的光纤中,获得耦合效率91.76%、输出功率312.03 W的激光系统。实验中,将17只单管半导体激光器耦合进芯径200 μm、数值孔径0.22的光纤中,在10.5 A的驱动电流下,输出功率为100.5 W,系统耦合效率为68.46%。     

连续波氧碘化学激光器的实验研究

通过实验,得到连续波氧碘化学激光器在氯气流量为50mmol/s时,输出功率达1kW。并测量了光束发散角,考查了光束发散角与功率及腔镜曲率半径的关系。     

Discharge-driven electric oxygen-iodine laser superlinear enhancement via increasing g0L

The authors report the development of an electric oxygen-iodine laser with higher output using a larger product of gain and gain length, g0L. A factor of 4.4 increase in laser power output on the 1315 nm atomic iodine transition was achieved with a factor of 3 increase in gain length. I(2P1/2) is pumped using energy transferred from O2(a1Δ) produced by flowing a gas mixture of O2-He-NO through three coaxial geometry radio-frequency discharges. Continuous wave (CW) average total laser power of 481 W was extracted with g0L=0.042.     

Investigation of the efficient coupling between a highly elliptical Gaussian profile output from a laser diode and a single mode fiber using a hyperbolic-shaped microlens

A tapered hyperbolic-shaped microlens has been improved for efficient the coupling of the output from a laser diode into an optical fiber. A tapered hemispherical-end fiber microlens is also evaluated for comparison purposes. The Fresnel diffraction theory is used to evaluate laser to fiber coupling using microlenses. Experimental results demonstrate that, for an elliptical Gaussian laser diode with an aspect ratio of 1:1.5, the coupling efficiencies for the hyperbolic-shaped microlenses and the hemispherical-end fiber microlenses are 87% and 62%, respectively. Simulation results show excellent agreement with the measurements. The research results illustrate that a hyperbolic-shaped microlens has a much higher coupling efficiency than a hemispherical-end microlens due to efficient mode matching and phase matching.     

高功率半导体激光器光纤耦合实验研究

为进一步提高光纤耦合半导体激光器的输出功率,提出了一种多单管半导体激光器通过台阶分布、光束精密准直及自由空间合束实现高功率光纤耦合输出的方法,该方法具有结构简单、光学元件易于加工、耦合效率高等优点。采用这种方法对5只封装在次热沉上的单管半导体激光器开展了芯径100μm、数值孔径0.22多模光纤的耦合实验研究,当工作电流为7.0 A时,光纤连续输出功率为21.8 W,亮度为1.83 MW/(cm~2·sr),耦合效率为70.32%。     

高功率半导体激光器光纤耦合实验研究

为进一步提高光纤耦合半导体激光器的输出功率,提出了一种多单管半导体激光器通过台阶分布、光束精密准直及自由空间合束实现高功率光纤耦合输出的方法,该方法具有结构简单、光学元件易于加工、耦合效率高等优点。采用这种方法对5只封装在次热沉上的单管半导体激光器开展了芯径100 m、数值孔径0.22多模光纤的耦合实验研究,当工作电流为7.0 A时,光纤连续输出功率为21.8 W,亮度为1.83 MW/(cm2sr) ,耦合效率为70.32%。     

A small scale, supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser

A supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser of 5 cm long active medium has been operated utilizing a simple sparger-type O₂(¹Δ) chemical generator and a medium size pumping system. A grid nozzle was used for iodine injection and supersonic expansion. 9 W of cw laser emission at 1315 nm were obtained in the present experiments. The small size and the simple structure of the laser system and its stable operation for long periods make it a convenient tool for studying parameters important for high-power supersonic iodine lasers.     

Efficient pulsed chemical oxygen-iodine laser with instantaneous generation of atomic iodine by volumetric discharge

A pulsed chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL) using atomic iodine generated by volumetric discharge of CH 3 I is developed and tested. COIL with a gain length of 60 cm is energized by a square pipe-array jet singlet oxygen generator with basic hydrogen peroxide pumping circulations and operated at subsonic gas flow. Maximum output energy of 4.3 J, pulse duration of 50 μs, specific energy extraction from the active medium of 2.0 J/L, and the maximum chemical efficiency of 12.5% are achieved at a chlorine flow rate of 55 mmole/s.     

Simultaneous Double-Color Continuous Wave Raman Fiber Laser at 1239 nm and 1484 nm Using Phosphosilicate Fiber

Simultaneous double-color high-power continuous wave (CW) Raman fiber laser at 1239 nm and 1484 nm is demonstrated which uses CW 8.4 W Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser at 1064 nm as a pump, 1 km phosphosilicate fiber, and cascaded cavities consisting of two pairs of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mirrors. Maximum output powers are 0.65 W at 1239 nm and 0.97 W at 1484 nm with a 50%/50% output mirror reflectivity pair, and 0.37 W at 1239 nm and 1.06 W at 1484 nm with a 75.5%/50% pair. The output characteristics of this laser for different FBG mirror reflectivities are reported.     

1.1 W diode-pumped Er:Yb laser at 1520 nm

Laser oscillation at a wavelength of 1520 nm was obtained in an Er:Yb:YAl(3)(BO(3))(4) crystal end pumped by a 970 nm diode laser. Under the absorbed pump power of 14.6 W, quasi-continuous-wave output powers of 1.1 W with slope efficiency of 13% and 0.8 W with slope efficiency of 11% were achieved in hemispherical and plano-plano cavities, respectively. The laser spectra were recorded for both cavities. The influence of the thermal load in the crystal on the 1520 nm laser oscillation was analyzed.     

氧碘化学激光器运行模式对其脉冲化影响的模拟研究

根据氧碘化学激光器的反应机理建立了一维预混脉冲出光理论模型,从理论上研究了气体总压力在660-2660 Pa, 温度在150-400 K区间内对单脉冲能量、脉宽和峰值功率的影响.分析了气体总压和温度对出光特性影响的内在原因. 计算结果表明:增益介质温度对单脉冲能量的影响要远大于对激光脉宽的影响;增益介质温度在150 K, 气体总压在1330 Pa可以获得比温度在400 K,气体总压为2660 Pa时更高的峰值功率. 因此在不干扰超音速流动状态条件下瞬间大量产生碘原子,可以实现高效的脉冲氧碘化学激光器.     

High power 4.65 μm single-wavelength laser by second-harmonic generation of pulsed TEA CO2 laser in AgGaSe2 and ZnGeP2

A high power 4.65 ??m single-wavelength laser by second-harmonic generation (SHG) of TEA CO₂ laser pulses in silver gallium selenide (AgGaSe₂) and zinc germanium phosphide (ZnGeP₂) crystals is reported. Experimental results show that the average output power of SHG laser is not only restricted by the damage threshold of the nonlinear crystals, but also limited by the irradiated power of fundamental-wave laser depending on the operating repetition-rate. It is found that ZnGeP₂ can withstand higher 9.3 ??m laser irradiation intensity than AgGaSe₂. As a result, using a parallel array stacked by seven ZnGeP₂ crystals, an average power of 20.3 W 4.65 ??m laser is obtained at 250 Hz. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest output power for SHG of CO₂ laser by far.