Quantum Fisher information of the GHZ state due to classical phase noise lasers under non-Markovian environment

The dynamics of N$N$-qubit GHZ state quantum Fisher information (QFI) under phase noise lasers (PNLs) driving is investigated in terms of non-Markovian master equation. We first investigate the non-Markovian dynamics of the QFI of N$N$-qubit GHZ state and show that when the ratio of the PNL rate and the system–environment coupling strength is very small, the oscillations of the QFIs decay slower which corresponds to the non-Markovian region; yet when it becomes large, the QFIs monotonously decay which corresponds to the Markovian region. When the atom number N$N$ increases, QFIs in both regions decay faster. We further find that the QFI flow disappears suddenly followed by a sudden birth depending on the ratio of the PNL rate and the system–environment coupling strength and the atom number N$N$, which unveil a fundamental connection between the non-Markovian behaviors and the parameters of system–environment couplings. We discuss two optimal positive operator-valued measures (POVMs) for two different strategies of our model and find the condition of the optimal measurement. At last, we consider the QFI of two atoms with qubit–qubit interaction under random telegraph noises (RTNs).     

Two qubit entanglement preservation through the addition of qubits

An entanglement preservation scheme is proposed by considering the exact evolution of an N$N$-qubit interacting system in a common reservoir. We find that the steady-state concurrence is dependent only on the number of qubits, the qubit–reservoir coupling strength and the initial conditions of the system. Furthermore, we show that as N→∞$N\to \infty$, the initial entanglement between the two qubits is preserved.     

Effects of interbase electronic coupling and electrode on charge transport through short DNA molecules: A numerical study

We report on theoretical results about the coherent charge transport of short DNA molecules using the transmission approach, as a function of interbase electronic coupling and electrodes. A dinucleotide poly(GC) chain is studied as a generic case, and the transmission coefficient as well as I–V$I\text{–}V$ curves are presented. The well-stacked “π  -way” is favorable for conveying charge carriers through short sequences, and the current can be reduced in strong electronic coupling regime. Further, the steplike appearance and threshold voltage in I–V$I\text{–}V$ curves dramatically depend on the coupling strength. The electrodes are shown to dominate charge transport of single band and may contribute to the threshold voltage, and the enhancement of conductance in low contact coupling regime is possible.     

Supercurrent coupling in the Faddeev–Skyrme model

Motivated by the sigma model limit of multicomponent Ginzburg–Landau theory, a version of the Faddeev–Skyrme model is considered in which the scalar field is coupled dynamically to a one-form field called the supercurrent. This coupled model is investigated in the general setting where physical space M$M$ is an oriented Riemannian manifold and the target space N$N$ is a Kähler manifold, and its properties are compared with the usual, uncoupled Faddeev–Skyrme model. In the case N=S²$N=S^2$, it is shown that supercurrent coupling destroys the familiar topological lower energy bound of Vakulenko and Kapitanski when M=R³$M={\mathbb{R}}^3$, and the less familiar linear bound when M$M$ is a compact 3-manifold. Nonetheless, local energy minimizers may still exist. The first variation formula is derived and used to construct three families of static solutions of the model, all on compact domains. In particular, a coupled version of the unit charge hopfion on a three-sphere of arbitrary radius is found. The second variation formula is derived, and used to analyze the stability of some of these solutions. In particular, it is shown that, in contrast to the uncoupled model, the coupled unit hopfion on the three-sphere of radius R$R$ is unstable   for all R$R$. This gives an explicit, exact example of supercurrent coupling destabilizing a stable solution of the usual Faddeev–Skyrme model, and casts doubt on the conjecture of Babaev, Faddeev and Niemi that knot solitons should exist in the low energy regime of two-component superconductors.     

Coupled caloric effects in multiferroics

We propose a conception – coupled caloric effect   where the enhanced caloric effects originate from the coupling among magnetic, ferroelectric, and structural degrees of freedom. Specifically, as the magneto-electric case, the magnitude of the coupled caloric effect was evaluated for a ferromagnetic–ferroelectric system using a phenomenological calculation based on Landau phase transition theory. The isothermal entropy change is greatly enhanced by increasing the magneto-electric coupling strength. This work indicates that the caloric effect in a ferromagnetic–ferroelectric coupled system consists of pure magnetic entropy change (Δ_SM$\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_M$), pure ferroelectric one (Δ_SE$\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_E$), and coupled one (Δ_SME$\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_{\mathit{ME}}$) that plays a significant part. The counterpart of the last one in magneto-structural coupled system was usually neglected. Our study provides a route to energy-efficient refrigeration via realization of coupling among various ferroic orders.     

Fissility effects on evaporation residue spin distributions

Based on a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the spin distribution of evaporation residue cross sections of nuclei ¹⁹⁰Os and ²¹⁰Po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z$N/Z$ but have a difference in fissility. We find that a large fissility enhances the sensitivity of the residue spin distribution to pre-saddle friction substantially. The results suggest that on the experimental side, to obtain accurate information of pre-saddle dissipation strength by measuring the evaporation residue spin distribution it is optimal to populate among various compound systems with equal N/Z$N/Z$ those with high fissility.     

On the renormalization of the bosonized multi-flavor Schwinger model

The phase structure of the bosonized multi-flavor Schwinger model is investigated by means of the differential renormalization group (RG) method. In the limit of small fermion mass the linearized RG flow is sufficient to determine the low-energy behavior of the N  -flavor model, if it has been rotated by a suitable rotation in the internal space. For large fermion mass, the exact RG flow has been solved numerically. The low-energy behavior of the multi-flavor model is rather different depending on whether N=1$N=1$ or N>1$N>1$, where N   is the number of flavors. For N>1$N>1$ the reflection symmetry always suffers breakdown in both the weak and strong coupling regimes, in contrary to the N=1$N=1$ case, where it remains unbroken in the strong coupling phase.     

An improved method for Darboux transformation for the coupled inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger system from plasma physics and nonlinear optics

The coupled inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger-type system which can be used to control soliton propagation and interaction in certain plasmas and optical fibers is investigated. An improved method for Darboux transformation (DT) is presented in more general forms by constructing an improved Γ$\Gamma$-Riccati-type Bäcklund transformation (Γ$\Gamma$-R BT). With the N$N$th-iterated Γ$\Gamma$-R BT or the N$N$th-iterated DT, which is a compact representation for the N$N$-soliton-like solutions and can generate a series of analytic solutions from a pair of the seed solutions through algebraic manipulations, the analytic one-/two-soliton-like solutions are provided. With the choice of parameters for the soliton solutions, the dynamical characteristics of the influences of the inhomogeneous parameters on the propagation of the soliton pulses are discussed graphically.     

Spin-dependent transport through a serial double-quantum-dot with Rashba spin–orbit interaction

We study the spin-dependent electron transport through a serial double-quantum-dot (DQD) by using Green’s function equation of motion technique. Special attention is paid to the functions of the Rashba spin–orbit (RSO) effect in one of the DQD and the inter-dot tunneling coupling _tc$t_c$. When the electrons transport from the left or the right lead into the middle lead, a quasi-two channel is established due to the existence of _tc$t_c$. Then, the RSO interaction will induce into the tunnel matrix element a spin-dependent extra phase factor σ_?R$\sigma {?}_R$ as the electrons flowing through different conduction channels, and thus making the current in the middle lead to be spin-polarized. Moreover, by properly adjusting the value of _tc$t_c$, the dot-lead coupling strength, dots’ levels and the external bias voltages, a net spin current without the accompanying of charge current can be generated. The structure proposed here is simple and can be realized in the present experiments.     

Yukawa alignment in a multi Higgs doublet model: An effective approach

In the two Higgs doublet model, natural flavour conservation can be achieved through the use of a discrete Z₂$Z_2$ symmetry. A less restrictive condition is the requirement of alignment in the Yukawa sector. So far, alignment has been an ansatz, not rooted in a specific model. In this Letter we present a model for alignment, which starts with 2+N$2+N$ Higgs doublets, with natural flavour conservation imposed by a discrete symmetry. Only two of these scalars couple to the fermions, the other N scalars are in a hidden sector. Assuming that the two scalar doublets coupled to fermions are heavy, their decoupling leads to an effective Yukawa interaction. The latter connects the fermions and the scalars of the hidden sector, and exhibits the same Yukawa coupling matrix for each of the N scalars.     

Random ballistic growth and diffusion in symmetric spaces

Sequential ballistic deposition (BD) with next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions in a N  -column box is viewed as a time-ordered product of (N×N)$(N\times N)$-matrices consisting of a single _sl2${\mathit{sl}}_2$-block which has a random position along the diagonal. We relate the uniform BD growth with the diffusion in the symmetric space _HN=SL(N,R)/SO(N)$H_N=\mathit{SL}(N,R)/\mathit{SO}(N)$. In particular, the distribution of the maximal height of a growing heap is connected with the distribution of the maximal distance for the diffusion process in _HN$H_N$. The coordinates of _HN$H_N$ are interpreted as the coordinates of particles of the one-dimensional Toda chain. The group-theoretic structure of the system and links to some random matrix models are also discussed.     

Coherent superpositions of states in coupled Hilbert-space using step by step Morris–Shore transformation

Creation of coherent superpositions in quantum systems with N_a$N_a$ states in the lower set and N_b$N_b$ states in the upper set is presented. The solution is drived by using the Morris–Shore transformation, which step by step reduces the fully coupled system to a three-state Λ$\Lambda$-like system and a set of decoupled states. It is shown that, for properly timed pulse, robust population transfer from an initial ground state (or superposition of M$M$ ground states) to an arbitrary coherent superposition of the ground states can be achieved by coincident pulses and/or STIRAP techniques.     

The chiral phase transition of QED3 around the critical number of fermion flavors

At zero temperature and density, the nature of the chiral phase transition in QED₃ with N_f$N_f$ massless fermion flavors is investigated. To this end, in Landau gauge, we numerically solve the coupled Dyson–Schwinger equations for the fermion and boson propagator within the bare and simplified Ball–Chiu vertices separately. It is found that, in the bare vertex approximation, the system undergoes a high-order continuous phase transition from the Nambu–Goldstone phase into the Wigner phase when the number of fermion flavors N_f$N_f$ reaches the critical number N_f,c$N_{f,c}$, while the system exhibits a typical characteristic of second-order phase transition for the simplified Ball–Chiu vertex.     

Temperature behavior of bound magnetic polarons in antiferromagnetic chain

The behavior of a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AF) chain doped by non-magnetic donor impurities is analyzed, in the limit of low impurity density n  . The doping leads to the formation of ferromagnetically correlated regions localized near impurities (bound magnetic polarons or ferrons). The temperature evolution of the chain is calculated using an approximate variational method, and a Monte Carlo simulation. Both these methods give the similar results. The analysis of correlation functions for neighboring local spins demonstrates that the ferromagnetic correlations inside a ferron are significant even at high temperatures. The AF correlations in the rest part of the chain decay much faster with temperature. So, the ferron is a stable object that does not disappear even above the Néel temperature _TN$T_{\mathrm{N}}$. At rather small values of the electron–impurity coupling energy V$V$ (for V$V$ lower then the electron hopping integral t  ), the bound ferron depins from impurity retaining its magnetic structure. Such a depinning occurs at T∼V$T\sim V$.     

Mechanism of the jamming transition in the two-dimensional traffic networks

The mechanism of the jamming transition in two-dimensional traffic networks is discussed on the basis of several models, where the update rule is deterministic, though the initial car configuration is random. It has turned out that the introduced concept of the occupation probability, which depends upon time and the site, is useful. The fluctuation in the local   car density plays an important role to give rise to small initial clusters of the cars. To examine the growth of such clusters a time-dependent function C$C$ is introduced, which is the number of the neighboring car pairs, and C$C$ increases to a certain maximum value, correlated with the total jamming. The critical car density in the symmetric two-dimensional N×N/N×N$N\times N/N\times N$ system is found to be 0.22–0.23 for each of the east-bound (x)$\left(x\right)$ and the north-bound (y)$\left(y\right)$ cars.     

The gauging of BV algebras

A BV algebra is a formal framework within which the BV quantization algorithm is implemented. In addition to the gauge symmetry, encoded in the BV master equation, the master action often exhibits further global symmetries, which may be in turn gauged. We show how to carry this out in a BV algebraic set up. Depending on the nature of the global symmetry, the gauging involves coupling to a pure ghost system with a varying amount of ghostly supersymmetry. Coupling to an N=0$N=0$ ghost system yields an ordinary gauge theory whose observables are appropriately classified by the invariant BV cohomology. Coupling to an N=1$N=1$ ghost system leads to a topological gauge field theory whose observables are classified by the equivariant BV cohomology. Coupling to higher N$N$ ghost systems yields topological gauge field theories with higher topological symmetry. In the latter case, however, problems of a completely new kind emerge, which call for a revision of the standard BV algebraic framework.