Stabilizability of linear switching systems

A complete characterization of stabilizability for linear switching systems is not available in the literature. In this paper, we show that the asymptotic stabilizability of linear switching systems is equivalent to the existence of a hybrid Lyapunov function for the controlled system, for a suitable control strategy. Further, we prove that asymptotic stabilizability of a switching system with minimum dwell time, is equivalent to Input to State Stability (ISS) of the controlled switching system, with a stabilizing control law. We then derive some structural reductions of the hybrid state space, which allow a decomposition of the original problem into simpler subproblems. The relationships between this approach and the well-known Kalman decomposition of linear dynamic control systems are explored.     

Optimal Filtering of Discrete-Time Hybrid Systems

This paper is concerned with discrete-time hybrid filtering of linear non-Gaussian systems coupled by a hidden switching process. An optimal control approach is used to derive a finite-dimensional recursive filter which is optimal in the sense of the most probable trajectory estimate. Models with unknown switching distributions are considered. Extensions to nonlinear hybrid systems are given. Numerical examples are considered and computational experiments are reported. These examples demonstrate that our filtering scheme outperforms popular filtering schemes available in the literature.     

Robust reliable stabilization of uncertain switched neutral systems with delayed switching

This paper investigates the problem of robust reliable control for a class of uncertain switched neutral systems under asynchronous switching, where the switching instants of the controller experience delays with respect to those of the system and the parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. A state feedback controller is proposed to guarantee exponential stability and reliability for switched neutral systems, and the dwell time approach is utilized for the stability analysis and controller design. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Guaranteed Cost Control for a Class of Uncertain Stochastic Impulsive Systems with Markovian Switching

Abstract

This article is concerned with the problem of guaranteed cost control for a class of uncertain stochastic impulsive systems with Markovian switching. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that such a problem is investigated for stochastic impulsive systems with Markovian switching. For an uncontrolled system, the conditions in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are obtained for robust stochastical stability and an upper bound is given for the cost function. For the controlled systems, a set of LMIs is developed to design a linear state feedback controller which can stochastically stabilize the class of systems under study and guarantee the given cost function to have an upper bound. Further, an optimization problem with LMI constraints is formulated to minimize the guaranteed cost of the closed-loop system. Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Robust reliable stabilization of stochastic switched nonlinear systems under asynchronous switching

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust reliable control for a class of uncertain stochastic switched nonlinear systems under asynchronous switching, where the switching instants of the controller experience delays with respect to those of the system. A design scheme for the reliable controller is proposed to guarantee almost surely exponential stability for stochastic switched systems with actuator failures, and the dwell time approach is utilized for the stability analysis. Then the approach is extended to take into account stochastic switched system with Lipschitz nonlinearities and structured uncertainties. Finally, a numerical example is employed to verify the proposed method.     

Robust reliable control for uncertain switched nonlinear systems with time delay under asynchronous switching

This paper investigates the problem of robust reliable control for a class of switched nonlinear systems with time delay and actuator failures under asynchronous switching. When the switching instants of the controller experience delays with respect to those of the system, a kind of reliable controller design method is proposed, and the dwell time approach is utilized for the stability analysis. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the reliable controller are formulated in terms of a set of LMIs. Then the proposed approach is extended to take into account switched delay systems with Lipschitz nonlinearities and structured uncertainties. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Hybrid control for tracking of invariant manifolds

This paper presents a hybrid control method that controls to unstable equilibria of nonlinear systems by taking advantage of systems’ free dynamics. The approach uses a stable manifold tracking objective in a computationally efficient, optimization-based switching control design. Resulting nonlinear controllers are closed-loop and can be computed in real-time. Our method is validated for the cart–pendulum and the pendubot inversion problems. Results show the proposed approach conserves control effort compared to tracking the desired equilibrium directly. Moreover, the method avoids parameter tuning and reduces sensitivity to initial conditions. The resulting feedback map for the cart–pendulum has a switching structure similar to existing energy based swing-up strategies. We use the Lyapunov function from these prior works to numerically verify local stability for our feedback map. However, unlike the energy based swing-up strategies, our approach does not rely on pre-derived, system-specific switching controllers. We use hybrid optimization to automate switching control synthesis on-line for nonlinear systems.     

Optimal persistent disturbance attenuation control for linear hybrid systems

In this paper, the disturbance attenuation properties for a class of linear hybrid systems are investigated, and a hybrid optimal persistent disturbance attenuation control problem is studied. First, a procedure is developed to determine the minimal l^∞$l^{\infty }$ induced gain of linear hybrid systems. However, for general hybrid systems, the termination of the procedure is not guaranteed. Then, the decidability issues are discussed. The termination of the procedure in a finite number of steps is shown for a subclass of hybrid systems with simplified discrete event dynamics, called switched linear systems. Finally, the optimal persistent disturbance attenuation controller synthesis problem is studied. It is shown that the optimal performance level can be achieved by a piecewise linear state feedback control law, and a systematic approach is proposed to design such feedback control.     

Optimal location of dwell points in a single loop AGV system with time restrictions on vehicle availability

Since the workload of a manufacturing system changes over time, the material handling equipment used in the facility will be idle at certain time intervals to avoid system overload. In this context, a relevant control problem in operating an automated guided vehicle (AGV) system is where to locate idle vehicles. These locations, called dwell points, establish the response times for AVG requests. In this article, a dynamic programming algorithm to solve idle vehicle positioning problems in unidirectional single loop systems is developed to minimize the maximum response time considering restrictions on vehicle time available to travel and load/unload requests. This polynomial time algorithm finds optimal dwell points when all requests from a given pick-up station are handled by a single AGV. The proposed algorithm is used to study the change in maximum response time as a function of the number of vehicles in the system.     

Sampled-data control of uncertain switched neutral nonlinear systems under asynchronous switching

The robust exponential stabilization for a class of the uncertain switched neutral nonlinear systems with time-varying delays based on the sampled-data control is investigated in this paper. The closed-loop system with sampled-data control is modeled as a continuous time system with a time-varying piecewise continuous control input delay. Considering the relationship between the sampling period and the dwell time of two switching instants, sampling interval with no switching and sampling interval with one switching are discussed, respectively. By Wirtinger-based inequality, Wirtinger-based double integral inequality, and free-weighting matrix technique, some delay-dependent sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the exponential stability of uncertain switched neutral nonlinear systems under asynchronous switching. In addition, sampled-data controllers can also be designed by special operations of matrices. Finally, two numerical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the approach proposed in this paper.     

Robust observer design for nonlinear uncertain switched systems under asynchronous switching

Switching between the system and the associated observer or controller is in fact asynchronous in switched control systems. However, many times we assume it synchronous, for simplicity. In this paper, the robust observer design problems for a class of nonlinear uncertain switched systems for synchronous and asynchronous switching are addressed. At first, a robust observer under synchronous switching is proposed based on average dwell time approach. After that, the results are extended to robust observer design in the asynchronous case. In this case, two working modes are adopted to facilitate the studies on the issue. Finally, an extension case covering more practical applications is investigated under asynchronous switching. The designed observer cannot maintain the asymptotical stability of error state, but the eventual boundness is guaranteed. At the end, a numerical design example is given to illustrate our results.     

On optimal control problems of a class of impulsive switching systems with terminal states constraints

The global optimal control problem is proposed for a special class of hybrid dynamical systems, i.e. impulsive switching systems. Then the necessary condition of the above problem, the minimum principle, is given. Ekeland’s variational principle and the matrix cost functional structure expression are utilized in the process of the proof. Based on the main result, a special linear hybrid impulsive and switching system (HISS) is illustrated and the optimal control algorithm is presented. Moreover, the cases of pure impulsive systems and pure switched systems are included in this paper.     

Stabilizability of a class of stochastic bilinear hybrid systems

The problem of the stabilizability of stochastic nonlinear hybrid systems with a Markovian or any switching rule is considered. Using the Lyapunov technique sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stabilizability in probability by a smooth controller in every structure are found. In particular, the asymptotic stabilizability in probability problem of stochastic bilinear hybrid systems with a Markovian or any switching rule is discussed and a closed-loop controller is found. Also the sufficient conditions for the exponential mean-square stabilizability for bilinear hybrid systems with any switching based on the Lie algebra approach are formulated and an open-loop controller is designed. The obtained results are illustrated by examples and simulations.     

Distributed adaptive switching consensus control of heterogeneous multi-agent systems with switched leader dynamics

In this paper, the leader-following distributed consensus control problem is addressed for general linear multi-agent systems with heterogeneous uncertain agent dynamics and switched leader dynamics. Different from most existing results with a single linear time-invariant (LTI) leader dynamics, the leader dynamics under consideration is composed by a family of LTI models and a switching logic governing the switches among them, which is capable of generating more diverse and sophisticated reference signals to accommodate more complicated consensus control design tasks. A novel distributed adaptive switching consensus protocol is developed by incorporating the model reference adaptive control mechanism and arbitrary switching control technique, which can be synthesized by following a two-layer hierarchical design scheme. A numerical example has been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Adaptive tracking control for a class of switched uncertain nonlinear systems under a new state-dependent switching law

This paper deals with the problem of adaptive fuzzy tracking control for a class of switched uncertain nonlinear systems. Fuzzy logic systems are utilized to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and the adaptive backstepping and dynamic surface control techniques are adopted. First, a new state-dependent switching method is proposed. By introducing convex combination technique and designing a state-dependent switching law, only the solvability of the adaptive tracking control problem for a convex combination of the subsystems is necessary. Second, a new common Lyapunov function with switched adaptive parameters is constructed to reduce the conservatism. Third, to avoid Zeno behavior, a modified state-dependent switching law with dwell time is proposed. It is shown that under the proposed control and switching laws, all the signals of the closed-loop system are bounded and all the state tracking errors can converge to a priori accuracy, even if some subsystems are uncontrollable. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated through two simulation examples.     

Optimal Guaranteed Cost Control of Stochastic Discrete-Time Systems with States and Input Dependent Noise Under Markovian Switching

A problem of robust guaranteed cost control of stochastic discrete-time systems with parametric uncertainties under Markovian switching is considered. The control is simultaneously applied to both the random and the deterministic components of the system. The noise (the random) term depends on both the states and the control input. The jump Markovian switching is modeled by a discrete-time Markov chain and the noise or stochastic environmental disturbance is modeled by a sequence of identically independently normally distributed random variables. Using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach, the robust quadratic stochastic stability is obtained. The proposed control law for this quadratic stochastic stabilization result depended on the mode of the system. This control law is developed such that the closed-loop system with a cost function has an upper bound under all admissible parameter uncertainties. The upper bound for the cost function is obtained as a minimization problem. Two numerical examples are given to demonstrate the potential of the proposed techniques and obtained results.     

Stability analysis of sampled-data fuzzy controller for nonlinear systems based on switching T–S fuzzy model

This paper investigates the system stability of a sampled-data fuzzy-model-based control system, formed by a nonlinear plant and a sampled-data fuzzy controller connected in a closed loop. The sampled-data fuzzy controller has an advantage that it can be implemented using a microcontroller or a digital computer to lower the implementation cost and time. However, discontinuity introduced by the sampling activity complicates the system dynamics and makes the stability analysis difficult compared with the pure continuous-time fuzzy control systems. Moreover, the favourable property of the continuous-time fuzzy control systems which is able to relax the stability analysis result vanishes in the sampled-data fuzzy control systems. A Lyapunov-based approach is employed to derive the LMI-based stability conditions to guarantee the system stability. To facilitate the stability analysis, a switching fuzzy model consisting of some local fuzzy models is employed to represent the nonlinear plant to be controlled. The comparatively less strong nonlinearity of each local fuzzy model eases the satisfaction of the stability conditions. Furthermore, membership functions of both fuzzy model and sampled-data fuzzy controller are considered to alleviate the conservativeness of the stability analysis result. A simulation example is given to illustrate the merits of the proposed approach.     

Computational Method for Time-Optimal Switching Control

An efficient algorithm, called the time-optimal switching (TOS) algorithm, is proposed for the time-optimal switching control of nonlinear systems with a single control input. The problem is formulated in the arc times space, arc times being the durations of the arcs. A feasible switching control, or as a special case bang-bang control, is found using the STC method previously developed by the authors to get from an initial point to a target point with a given number of switchings. Then, by means of constrained optimization techniques, the cost being considered as the summation of the arc times, a minimum-time switching control solution is obtained. Example applications of the TOS algorithm involving second-order and third-order systems are presented. Comparisons are made with a well-known general optimal control software package to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.     

Switching design for suboptimal guaranteed cost control of 2-D nonlinear switched systems in the Roesser model

This paper deals with the problem of switching design for guaranteed cost control of discrete-time two-dimensional (2-D) nonlinear switched systems described by the Roesser model. The switching signal, which determines the active mode of the system, is subject to a state-dependent process whose values belong to a finite index set. By using 2-D common Lyapunov function approach, a sufficient condition expressed in terms of tractable matrix inequalities is first established to design a min-projection switching rule that makes the 2-D switched system asymptotically stable. The obtained result on stability analysis is then utilized to synthesize a suboptimal state feedback controller that minimizes the upper bound of a given infinite-horizon cost function. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.