固相萃取气相色谱法测定水果中克菌丹和灭菌丹

采用硅镁吸附剂和硅胶作为混合固相萃取的净化方法,建立了固相萃取气相色谱法同时测定水果中克菌丹和灭菌丹的分析方法。研究了多种固相萃取柱和不同洗脱溶剂对克菌丹和灭菌丹保留行为的影响,优化了固相萃取净化方法及样品提取方法的分析条件。用GC-ECD检测,两种农药在0.05～2.0mg/L浓度范围内呈线性关系,相关系数大于0.997。苹果中4个浓度克菌丹和灭菌丹的加标回收率分别在100%～111%和104%～113%之间,RSD在3.0%～7.2%和2.8%～4.2%之间。在菠萝、草莓、梨和橙子中,克菌丹的平均回收率和RSD分别在95.6%～112%和2.5%～7.5%之间;灭菌丹在82.5%～96.4%和3.3%～8.0%之间,克菌丹和灭菌丹的方法检出限分别为0.012mg/kg和0.0056mg/kg。     

固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定有机磷杀虫剂的残留量

建立了固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱(SPME-GC/MS)联用测定水样中有机磷杀虫剂残留量的方法。探讨了影响SPME萃取效果的萃取头类型萃取时间 解吸时间 离子强度等诸因素,优化了GC-MS仪器条件。在优化的GC-MS条件下, 杀虫剂的响应值与浓度有良好的线性关系, 检出限分别为敌敌畏0.40 μg/L 甲基对硫磷0.01 μg/L 马拉硫磷0.025 μg/L 对硫磷0.004 μg/L。方法用于实际水样分析,结果令人满意,样品的加标回收率为94.7%-110.0%。该方法具有分析速度快 灵敏     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法测定水中4种杀菌剂

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱方法检测水中4种杀菌剂(嘧菌酯、戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、肟菌酯). 水样中的杀菌剂经HLB固相萃取柱富集后,使用C18色谱柱分离,以高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)外标法定量分析. 同时考察pH值、洗脱溶剂、洗脱量等对杀菌剂萃取效果的影响. 试验结果表明,4种化合物在0.10~50.0 μg/L浓度范围内具有较好的线性关系,检出限在0.004~0.095 μg/L之间,回收率为68.7%~95.4%,相对标准偏差(n=5)低于10%. 方法操作简单、快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于水中4种杀菌剂的定量分析.     

硫酸改性聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)固相微萃取涂层-高效液相色谱检测水中4种药品及个人护理用品

多巴胺修饰的不锈钢丝表面原位合成得到聚(甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(poly(GMA-EGDMA))材料,经硫酸改性后作为固相微萃取涂层,建立检测水样中4种药品及个人护理用品(PPCPs)的固相微萃取-液相色谱联用分析方法。在优化实验条件下取3 mL水样调节至pH 5.5,在30℃下,搅拌萃取60 min,乙腈-0.1%甲酸(25∶75,V/V)解吸30 min后,HPLC进样分析,实验结果表明,该涂层材料对4种PPCPs具有较好的萃取效果,2~200μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997,方法检出限(S/N=3)范围为0.5~5.0μg/L,相对标准偏差在4.1%~11.9%之间;加标实验回收率为70.6%~105.5%。本方法前处理简单、绿色环保、回收率高、精密度好,可用于实际水样中4种PPCPs的检测。     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱联用测定葡萄中百菌清、克菌丹和灭菌丹残留

采用分散液相微萃取与气相色谱-电子捕获检测联用技术建立了测定葡萄样品中百菌清、克菌丹和灭菌丹农药残留的新方法.对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化.萃取条件选定为在10 mL带塞离心试管中加入 5.0 mL葡萄样品溶液,并加入1.0 mL丙酮(分散剂),振荡摇匀后以5000 r/min离心5 min,然后将上层清液转移至另一离心试管中,加10.0 μL氯苯(萃取剂),分散混匀后再以5000 r/min离心5 min,萃取剂氯苯相沉积到试管底部,吸取1.0 μL萃取相直接进样分析.在优化的实验条件下,3种杀菌剂的富集倍数可达788～876倍;检出限在6.0～8.0 μg/kg(S/N=3∶ 1)范围内.以α-六六六为内标,测定3种杀菌剂的线性范围为10～150 μg/kg,线性相关系数在0.9990～0.9995范围内.本方法已成功应用于葡萄样品中百菌清、克菌丹和灭菌丹残留的测定,平均加标回收率在92.3%～106.1%范围内;相对标准偏差在4.5%～7.2%之间,结果令人满意.     

顶空固相微萃取谱-气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中6种致嗅化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取谱-气相色谱-质谱联用法对饮用水中2-甲基异茨醇、土味素、2-甲氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪、2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚和2,3,6-三氯苯甲醚共6种致嗅化合物进行了分析。通过对固相微萃取纤维的类型、解吸附时间、NaCl溶液浓度、溶液pH、顶空温度、转速、顶空时间等顶空条件及GC-MS条件的优化,建立了一次性顶空固相微萃取快速测定饮用水中6种致嗅化合物的方法。采用0.10 mol/L的NaOH溶液将水样调至pH 6.0。以DVB/Carboxen/PDMS涂层的固相微萃取纤维头对20 mL添加了NaCl溶液浓度为0.3 g/mL的水样于70℃水浴顶空萃取25 min。被萃取的致嗅化合物于250℃解吸附4 min供GC-MS分析。6种致嗅化合物在0.25～100 ng/L范围内线性关系良好(R>0.986),检出限低于0.1 ng/L。对实际水样进行分析,低、中、高3种不同浓度的加标回收率为93.0%～106.6%,相对标准偏差为3.0%～6.6%(n=6)。该分析方法可对饮用水中6种致嗅化合物进行同时监测。     

竹炭固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用对环境水样中16种多环芳烃的测定

以竹炭为固相萃取吸附材料,考察了其对环境水样中16种多环芳烃的吸附富集能力,采用DB-35MS弹性石英毛细管色谱柱对16种多环芳烃进行分离,气相色谱-质谱联用法对多环芳烃进行定性及定量分析.结果表明,1 000 mg竹炭作为固相萃取吸附剂,10 mL二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂,上样速率5 mL/min,水样中甲醇体积分数为15%的条件下,16种多环芳烃有较好的回收率,竹炭固相萃取柱的穿透体积大于500 mL,通过实验比较竹炭的萃取回收率优于商品化的C18固相萃取柱.16种多环芳烃的质量浓度在10 ～500 ng/L范围内与峰面积的线性关系良好(苯并(k)荧蒽,苯并(a)芘,二苯并(a,h)蒽,苯并(g,h,i)苝为25 ～500 ng/L),相关系数为0.983 6 ～0.998 4.方法的检出限为0.6 ～8.0 ng/L,实际水样的加标回收率为67% ～113%,相对标准偏差为2.1% ～11.3%.通过对白沙河河水的分析表明,该方法能够满足实际水样的测定,竹炭可以作为固相萃取材料应用于水中16种多环芳烃的分析测定.     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定苹果中残留的克菌丹和灭菌丹

采用硅镁吸附剂和硅胶作吸附剂,建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定苹果中残留的克菌丹和灭菌丹的分析方法。研究了甲醇-乙腈-水(含0.1 mmol/L乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲溶液（pH 3.80）)三元体系下克菌丹和灭菌丹的最佳分离条件,在波长210 nm下检测,克菌丹和灭菌丹的线性范围为0.40～8.00 mg/kg,线性相关系数均大于0.9999;最低检出限克菌丹为0.27 mg/kg、灭菌丹为0.20 mg/kg;保留时间的相对标准偏差（RSD）≤0.60%。苹果样品中3个添加水平的平均加标回收率为克菌丹69.3%～106%,RSD为3.7%～4.7%;灭菌丹101%～108%,RSD为1.3%～5.4%。     

固相萃取-微乳液相色谱法测定环境水体中的3种酚类化合物

建立了固相萃取-微乳液相色谱法同时测定环境水体中的苯酚、双酚A (BPA)、2,4-二氯苯酚3种酚类化合物的检测方法。水样加酸酸化后,经C18固相萃取小柱富集净化,用微乳液相色谱法测定3种目标物的含量。在Inertsil C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)上以微乳(3.0%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)-6.0%正丁醇-0.8%正庚烷-90.2%(水+0.5%HAc))和乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长280 nm。结果表明,苯酚、双酚A、2,4-二氯苯酚的检出限(S/N=3)依次为0.74、8.0、8.0 μg/L,线性范围在0.1~10 mg/L范围内,相关系数(r)均大于0.999。将3种酚类化合物定量加到空白水样中,苯酚、双酚A、2,4-二氯苯酚的加标回收率分别为82.7%、87.8%、82.6%,其RSD均小于5%(n=6)。对环境水样的酚类化合物分析也取得了良好的加标回收率,其值均在85.7%~113.2%之间。结果表明,该方法准确可靠、灵敏度高,适用于环境水体中酚类化合物的检测。     

同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中5种杀菌剂残留

建立了使用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用结合同位素稀释技术准确测定3种茶叶(红茶、绿茶和普洱茶)中敌菌丹、克菌丹、灭菌丹、百菌清和苯氟磺胺等杀菌剂农药残留的新方法。茶叶试样中加入同位素内标D6-克菌丹,经乙腈匀浆提取,提取液离心后取上清液经Forisil固相萃取柱浓缩、净化。GC-MS采用选择离子监测(SIM)模式进行定性定量分析,内标法定量。方法的添加回收率为74.1%～100.6%;相对标准偏差为1.2%～12%;6种农药的检出限为0.002～0.14μg/mL。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.