硫酸浓度对蛇纹石中氧化镁浸出反应速率的影响

硫酸浸出;动力学;硫酸浓度对蛇纹石中氧化镁浸出反应速率的影响     

电极液酸度及稀土浓度对硫酸体系电解还原提纯镱的影响

研究了在硫酸体系中,采用钌铱钛合金网为阳极,金属汞为阴极,在无惰性气氛的保护下,尝试电解还原镱,在诸多电极条件实验中着重研究了阳极液酸度、阴极液酸度以及料液浓度变化时电流、目标离子的还原率等电解还原过程的变化。研究表明,当阳极液酸度为2.0 mol.L-1,阴极液pH=0.3,阴极液稀土料液浓度为0.5 mol.L-1时,镱的还原率可达95%以上,硫酸镱纯度达到99%以上,稀土总回收率高于99%。     

金溶胶用于胶体性质研究实验改进的探索

Fe（OH）3溶胶的制备及溶胶性质研究是大学化学实验课程。教学中发现Fe（OH）3溶胶的光散射性能并不突出,且电解质引起聚沉时的颜色变化不明显,这些不足使得实验效果并不理想。针对上述问题,以金溶胶为研究对象改进实验并进行溶胶动力学性质、光学性质、电泳实验及电解质聚沉作用的研究。结果表明,金溶胶易制备且具有优越的光学性质,性质研究实验操作简单,效果理想,可以代替Fe（OH）3溶胶作为学生实验课中的研究对象用于开展本科生实验教学。     

尿素-水混合溶剂中硫酸热力学性质的研究

本文应用电动势法测定下面无液接电池在278．15-318．15K温度范围内的电动势。     

硫酸脲相变储热的实验研究

本文研究了尿素在相变储热方面的应用。尿素价廉易得，相变潜热大，但它在发生相变化时存在严重过冷并伴随有热分解。将尿素与硫酸作用形成一种熔点为７８℃的固态物质（硫酸脲）。通过对硫酸脲详细的相变化热性能研究，发现这种物质有望成为一种新型相变储热材料。     

木薯淀粉硫酸酯的制备及理化性质

以NaHSO3和NaNO2为酯化剂,采用水相法制备了低取代度的淀粉硫酸酯(SSE),测定了SSE糊的冻融稳定性、凝沉性能、透明度、黏度;利用红外光谱仪分析了产物的化学结构.结果表明,酯化的SSE糊的透光率比淀粉的提高22.4％,透明度稳定性明显增强;SSE糊的黏度冷热差值均比淀粉的低,抗老化性能增强、凝沉性能得以改善,...     

二氧化碳性质实验的综合设计

分析了教科书上"二氧化碳灭火"实验和"二氧化碳与水反应"实验的不足之处,并将这2个实验结合在一起进行了设计.新设计的实验成功率高、效果明显、趣味性强.     

二氧化硫性质演示实验的改进

阐述了二氧化硫性质演示实验的改进方法,从实验的设计意图、实验装置的准备、实验的具体操作与实验现象、实验过程中应注意的事项等方面将自己的经验及做法作了一个完整的介绍.     

氯气性质实验的改进

在制取Cl2和做Cl2性质实验时,溢出的Cl2对健康有害.我们把Cu在Cl2中的燃烧等实验改在单球干燥管中进行,与其相对应的实验装置也微型化了,取得了较为满意的效果.     

深度探究浓度对化学平衡的影响

就Fe3++SCN-Fe(SCN)2+平衡而言,向该平衡体系中加入一定浓度的FeCl3溶液,通过改进浓度对化学平衡影响的实验和对实验的深入探究,借助实验的功能解决了平衡移动的方向、Fe(SCN)2+的浓度和溶液的颜色是如何变化的等问题,进而使学生对“外界条件对化学平衡的影响”有了更全面的认识.     

浓硫酸性质实验的整合创新设计

对浓硫酸的几个性质(吸水性、脱水性、强氧化性、遇水放热性、催化性)实验进行了整合创新设计, 解决了教材实验中的药品耗量大、不易操作、药品易撒落、易污染水源、耗时长、不适合学生分组实验等缺点。整合创新后设计的实验不仅操作简便、体现绿色实验理念, 而且操作安全, 适合中小学生开展课外活动。     

The Present Relationships of Sulfuric Acid Concentration to Acid Dewpoint for Flue Gases

Abstract

Interpretation of flue gas acid dewpoints in terms of sulfuric acid concentrations has relied heavily upon Mullers¹ work. A more recent work by additional authors indicates disagreement with Muller's curves. This work involves the study of the acid dewpoint-acid concentration relationship using a commercially available acid dewpoint meter. The study involves generating a steady-state, high temperature, sulfuric acid gas stream using a newly designed acid generation system. By using an absorption reference method, dewpoint as a function of acid concentration and moisture are compared with previous authors. The relationship established is then used along with the previous works to interpret some actual flue gas dewpoints to simultaneous flue gas acid measurements.     

Potassium Vanadates of Mixed Valence as Sulfuric Acid Catalyst Precursors

The kinetics of hydrolytic precipitation of potassium vanadates K_xV₁₂O_31-δ ·nH₂O(0 < x ≤ 2.25; 0 <δ ≤ 1.15) from a KVO₃ solution at pH = 1.7 and 80°C in the presence of K₂SO₄ and VOSO₄ is controlled by second and third order reactions respectively occurring on the precipitate surface. This difference is due to the effect of VO²⁺ ions on the polymer anion [V₁₂ O_31-δ]ⁿ formation. Potassium vanadates K_xV₁₂O_31-δ ·nH₂O and K_xV₃O_8-δ·nH₂O (1.02 ≤ x ≤ 1.91; 0 ≤ δ ≤ 0.22) can be used as vanadium-containing precursors for sulfuric acid catalysts. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

High-yield Carbonization of Cellulose by Sulfuric Acid Impregnation

The carbonization of cellulose with sulfuric acid impregnation was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The mass yield of carbon after 800°C treatment in nitrogen increased to 2–3 times by addition of small amounts of sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid is considered to work as dehydration catalyst, thus suppressing the release of volatile organic substances. The shrinkage of the sample during carbonization was also significantly reduced by the addition of sulfuric acid.     

Structures of Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Determined from Density, Conductivity, Viscosity, and Raman Spectroscopic Data

Addition of water to stoichiometric 100% sulfuric acid increases the density untila maximum results near 87 mole% H₂SO₄. The density and conductivity maximaand viscosity minimum, the latter two near 75 mole%, are direct macroscopicresponses to microscopic quantum mechanical properties of H₃O⁺ and of nearlysymmetric H-bond double-well potentials, as follows: (1) lack of H bonding tothe O atom of H₃O⁺; (2) short, 2.4–2.6 A, O—O distances of nearly symmetricH bonds; and, (3) increased mobility of protons in such short H bonds, give riseto the density maximum via (1) and (2); (1) produces the viscosity minimum;and the conductivity maximum results from (2) and (3). A pronounced minimumnear 1030 cm^–1 in the symmetric SO₃ stretching Raman frequency of HSO₄ ^–,observed near 45 mole% also results from double-well effects involving the shortH bonds of direct hydronium ion—bisulfate ion pair interactions. Estimates of theconcentrations of the (H₃O⁺)(HSO₄ ^–) and (H₂SO₄)(HSO₄ ^–) pair interactions weredetermined from Raman intensity data and are given for compositions between42–100 mole%     

紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中的氮氧化物

建立了使用紫外分光光度法测定硫酸中氮氧化物的方法。利用高锰酸钾将试样中的亚硝酸根氧化成硝酸根,然后在硫酸(30%)介质中,于210nm波长处定量测定试样中氮氧化物的含量。方法检出限为0.0000075%,线性相关系数(r)为0.999 0,平均加标回收率为97.2%~102.8%,平均相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为2.9%~3.1%。方法灵敏度高、检出限低,操作简便、成本低,可应用于蓄电池电解液中氮氧化合物的检测。     

Mechanism and Activation Parameters of the Reactions of Arenes with VO+ 2 in Sulfuric Acid

The gas/solution distribution coefficients, the rate constants of the first stage, the activation parameters of the reactions of benzene, monoalkyl- and polymethylbenzenes, and the products from toluene coupling in the HVO₃ – H₂SO₄ (59.7 wt.%) system were studied. A compensation effect involving the number of substituents in the benzene ring was found. A reaction scheme is proposed.     

硫酸交联壳聚糖膜质子传导行为的研究

制备了硫酸交联壳聚糖膜, 通过研究其质子传导性能、力学性能、化学成分及结构变化, 分析了硫酸与壳聚糖分子间的交联方式, 并对质子传导机理进行了解析. 结果表明, 硫酸交联可显著改善壳聚糖膜的质子传导能力与力学性能, 这种改善作用在交联6 h后趋于稳定, 交联6 h后的壳聚糖湿膜在室温下时质子传导率为0.0472 S• cm^－1, 比未交联的壳聚糖膜提高5倍左右. 硫酸交联壳聚糖膜中的质子传导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius定律, 质子传导激活能为18 kJ/mol, 其传导机制应属于Grotthus机制. 硫酸对提高壳聚糖膜的质子传导能力主要有两方面的作用: (1) H₂SO₄可使壳聚糖分子中NH₂质子化形成NH₃^＋. (2) 处于两个氨基之间的SO₄^2－在质子传递过程中起离子桥梁作用, 参与以水分子为载体的质子传导过程, 从而减小质子传导的阻力, 提高了质子传导率.     

硫酸颜色反应用于荧光法测定利血平研究

提出了硫酸颜色反应用于利血平的荧光分析新方法。利用血平与浓硫酸反应，生成强荧光物质，所得产物的荧光强度与利血平的浓度在０－０．６μｇ／ｍＬ范围内有良好的线性关系。检测限为０．２ｎｇ／ｍＬ。本法可直接用于尿液中利血平的定量分析，回收率为８２．５％－８４．２％。