高分子材料与工程专业生产实习环节的教学改革与实践

本文结合高分子材料与工程专业教学实践,分析了生产实习教学实际情况及存在的问题,对生产实习课程进行改革,提出了校外实习与校内实习协同进行的新生产实习模式,重点建设校内生产实习内容体系,切实解决校外实习内容更新慢,缺乏前沿成型技术这一问题。校内实习基地的建设结合了制度保障体系、教师队伍和信息化平台建设等进行了深入实践,学生参与生产实习的热情提高明显,各项创新创业大赛、考研和就业情况表明,本专业学生具有较好的工程实践和创新能力,改革实施效果明显。     

工程教育专业认证及本科国家教学质量标准视角下传递过程原理课程教学改革与实践

在工程教育专业认证及本科国家教学质量标准视角下,针对国内大多数化工类高校传递过程原理教学中存在的弊端,通过对比国内外化工类高校传递过程原理的开设情况,并在大多数国内化工类高校“化工原理”与“传递过程原理”同时开设的基础上,提出优化传递过程原理课程知识体系,将“三传”发展史融入课程教学,提高学生主动学习兴趣,以类比教学为主、多种教学方法耦合教学,突出学生中心和产出导向的课程考核标准等教学改革措施。改革后的传递过程原理课程不仅提高了学生的自主学习兴趣,还提高了学生解决复杂化学工程问题的能力,取得了良好的教学效果。     

高效完成外专业高分子化学教学任务的思考与对策

在充分分析外专业学生的知识结构以及高分子化学知识体系的基础上,提出了一种以高分子化学实验为平台,课上教学与现场实践教学相结合,共同完成外专业高分子化学教学任务的新方法。教学实践结果表明该方法不但有效解决了外专业高分子化学课时少与课程教学内容多的矛盾,而且通过现场实践教学使学生在动手实践中充分体会到了高分子化学的理论知识在日常生活中的重要作用,做到了学与用相结合、理论与实践相结合、课上学习与课下学习相结合。该教研成果为高效完成外专业高分子化学教学任务提供了新思路。     

教育实习经历对化学职前教师PCKg发展的影响——以高中化学实习教师的个案研究为例

基于学科教学识知PCKg理论,以一位化学职前教师(即高等师范院校的化学教育硕士)为个案,在长达5个月的研究期中,藉由教学观察、教案文件、导师访谈以及量表问卷等方式收集资料,探讨个案职前教师在实习历程中PCKg的建构与发展情形,及高中教学现场和师资培育高校的协助对实习教师的教学专业成长的影响,并建构“师培高校与中学现场协同培育以促进职前教师专业成长”的实习模式。研究结果可为未来规划师资培育工作及职前教师实习制度提供案例参考和研究建议。     

基于建构主义理论架构以学生为中心的化工专业教学模式

基于建构主义理论，在化工专业教学中构建了以学生为中心的教学模式，以培养优秀化工专业人才为目标，从课程建设、情境构建、教学团队、教学评价和保障体系等方面进行了系统的理论架构和教学设计。实践结果表明，这种教学模式有利于激发学生的学习兴趣，提升学生的学习效果。     

物理化学基础知识在化工热力学教学中的应用

化工热力学是化学工程与工艺专业的专业核心课,它与物理化学联系紧密,后者是前者学习的基础。在化工热力学新知识点的授课中,及时引导学生回顾物理化学的相关知识点并予以阐述,强调两门课程的相互渗透,将有助于学生更好地理解和掌握化工热力学知识,提高教学质量,达到更好的教学效果。本文结合物理化学和化工热力学的课堂教学实践,就物理化学中的热力学基础知识在辅助化工热力学教学过程中的应用提出了一些实例和自己的体会。     

基于洗涤品生产的化工实训课程设计*

为适应地方院校应用型转型发展的要求,结合化工专业特色,设计了基于洗涤品生产的校内化工实训课程。该课程内容丰富、可操作性强。内容涵盖了配方设计、小试实验、生产操作、产品罐装、性能测试、安全教育等环节。课程采用教、学、做、产一体化的教学模式,运行效果显著,可激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的科研思维与实践创新能力。     

校企“四维双向”融合培养应用化学卓越人才

探索并应用了校企"四维双向"融合的教育模式,阐述了校企"四维双向"融合的含义,介绍了实施校企"四维双向"融合教育模式的方法:聘请企业工程师实施"画龙点睛式授课",对高校教师实施"一博挂一企"工程,从而提高学生理论联系生产实践能力的培养效果;校企合作编写教材及共建教学资源,使课程教学处在应用场景之中;开展分阶段、嵌入式入企学习,将校外实践教学"曲线"引入校内,使学生分步消化复杂的生产工艺,促进课程学习,促进学生工程能力、应用能力的培养。     

“互联网+教育”背景下化工实践教学的改革与探索

分析了当前化工实践教学所面临的困难,运用“互联网+教育”技术,将虚拟仿真技术引入到化工实践教学中,打造“四个层次、七大模块”的教学模式。此模式中加大了设计占比难度,形成了基本理论、认识实习、仿真操作、实训操作和过程设计的递进式教学方法,能够有效解决化工生产实习面临的难题,培养新时代需要的创新性的化工专业技术人才。同时,通过本教学模式能够实现对学生全程在线的监管、答疑、考核,使实践教学进入云教学时代。     

开放式有机化学教学研究与实践

针对传统有机化学教学中存在的一些弊病,转变教育教学观念,实施开放式教学方法,营造了良好的教学改革氛围,搭建了课堂教学与课外拓展的教学平台,提高了教育教学质量,促进了学生知识、能力和综合素质的提高,有利于学生进行探究性学习,个性化学习。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。