“过滤-渗析联合实验装置”的设计

利用废弃的饮料瓶将过滤、渗析2个实验装置整合,更直观地体现出溶液、胶体、浊液的本质区别。     

利用SPSS17.0探讨制备氢氧化铁胶体的最佳实验条件

氢氧化铁胶体性质实验是高中化学中的一个重要实验,若制备胶体实验操作不当,很难得到丁达尔现象明显且稳定性良好的胶体。通过实验方案的改进与设计,用一定浓度的氢氧化钠溶液和氯化铁溶液直接混合制取氢氧化铁胶体,并测定其pH。利用SPSS17.0软件进行正交实验设计,探讨氢氧化铁胶体制备的影响因素、显著性水平及最佳实验条件。     

双注-水热法制备高分散氢氧化镁纳米片

本工作以氯化镁、氢氧化钠为原料，氯化钠为衬底溶液，探讨了采用双注-水热法制备高分散氢氧化镁纳米片的可行性。结果表明：采用双注方式或提高衬底溶液氯化钠浓度均有利于降低反应体系过饱和度，改善常温产物的结晶性和分散性；对常温合成的氢氧化镁进行水热处理可进一步提高产物的结晶度，形成形貌规则、粒径分布窄、分散良好的氢氧化镁纳米片。     

液态分散系中丁达尔效应的研究和实验改进

针对以高单色、高亮度红色激光作光源,一般分散系都有光散射现象,难以区分胶体和溶液这一问题,用普通白色聚光小手电筒进行了对照实验,不仅很好地区分了胶体和溶液,而且排除了蓝色溶液吸收红光所产生的干扰,通过分析一般分散系产生光散射现象的条件,得出了利用丁达尔效应区分胶体和溶液应注意的问题。并把丁达尔效应实验从气溶胶、液溶胶、固溶胶3个角度进行改进,最终得到3个改进实验：巧做气溶胶丁达尔效应实验、利用固溶胶做丁达尔效应实验、建立实验盒模式做液溶胶丁达尔效应实验。改进后的实验具有装置简单、操作简便,现象明显、节能环保等优点。     

高分子物理学系統講演

第十講 高分子溶液 1.高分子溶液与胶体的区別 溶液由溶质及溶剂组成,成为单相体系如蔗糖水溶液。胶体为两相体系如金溶胶等。这两种体系有原則上的差别,溶液在外界条件不改变时处于热力学平衡从态,可用热力学函数描述,如蒸气压、渗透压等。而胶体中有一相分散得很细不稳定,因微粒越小表面能越大,故胶体有減小相界面的趋向,卽胶粒的凝聚終     

中国化学会第十四届胶体与界面化学会议 2013年7月21-25日,长春

会议主题:研讨胶体与界面化学的最新前沿问题和发展前景及其在科学和技术领域中的作用会议内容及范围:(1)表面/界面与纳米结构材料;(2)溶液中的聚集与分子组装;(3)软物质与超分子组织化体系;(4)胶体分散与多组分体系;(5)胶体与界面化学中的理论问题;(6)胶体与界面化学技术、应用与产品     

超声化学技术合成MnO2/MoS2纳米交互积层材料

层状氧化锰在氢氧化四甲基胺溶液中超声处理20分钟后，层状氧化锰剥离成纳米层胶体分散液。层状LiMoS₂在超声条件下浸入到10^-4M HNO₃溶液中，随后将得到的处理液加入到层状氧化锰纳米层胶体分散液中，超声处理合成得到了MnO₂/MoS₂纳米交互积层材料，提出了相同电性无机纳米层间超声化学合成新型交互积层材料新技术。     

中国化学会第十四届胶体与界面化学会议

2013年7月21-25日,长春会议主题:研讨胶体与界面化学的最新前沿问题和发展前景及其在科学和技术领域中的作用会议内容及范围:(1)表面/界面与纳米结构材料;(2)溶液中的聚集与分子组装;(3)软物质与超分子组织化体系;(4)胶体分散与多组分体系;(5)胶体与界面化学中的理论问题;(6)胶体与界面化学技术、应用与产品     

胶体颗粒分散在液体里,它们的大小是否一致?

化学通报编辑部:关于白远航同志所提的问题,答复如下。胶体颗粒是指大小约为1—500毫微米的质点。制备胶体的方法大致有两种:(1)把较粗的颗粒变细,粉碎成胶体大小,此即分散法。例如用胶体磨制备胶体石墨。用分散法制得的胶体颗粒比较粗,接近、甚至超出它的上限,而且颗粒大小是不均一的,因此得到的是个多分散胶体。(2)将小分子(或离子)集聚成胶体大小的颗粒,此即凝聚法。原则上讲,一切生成沉淀(新相)的过程或反应都可用来制备胶体,关键在于能否控制条件,使产生的新相颗粒的大小保持在胶体所要求的小范围内。具体的方法有化学反应法(如 AgNO_3 KBr 制备照相乳胶);更换溶剂法(硫的酒精溶液加     

利用手持技术探究氢氧化铝制备实验电导率变化

利用电导率传感器对氢氧化铝制备实验过程中,溶液的电导率变化进行探究,以相同浓度的氨水和氢氧化钠溶液分别滴定硫酸铝溶液,得出反应过程的电导率变化曲线图,并从宏观、微观、符号和曲线4个方面深入分析曲线,从多个角度探究氢氧化铝制备实验的电导率变化,为氢氧化铝的教学提供帮助。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.