硕士研究生“三级管理两层次培养”的人才培养模式探索

实践6年探索形成了“三级管理两层次培养”的理工科硕士研究生培养模式，即导师、导师团队、学院三级管理，强化学术培养与提升研究能力，注重知识应用的技能培养与提升实践能力的分层次培养。对培养过程中的各环节进行制度上的制定与完善，形成了导师民主参与、导师团队负责、学院学位评定分委员会审议、教育督导监督指导的管理体制和完善的研究生教育管理办法。     

组建近化学类专业本科生综合学习团队的探索

以生物制药和食品大类等近化学类专业本科生为成员组建旨在提升其综合学习能力的团队。开展基于"班级授课""校内实践""校外实践"和"网络媒介"的团队建设,引导团队成员夯实专业基础,开拓学术视野,全方位提升学习和实践能力。在学生学习积极性提升、学习成绩提高、学术性活动的参与度和成功率提高方面获得了初步成效。     

以研究生为主体力量构建化学科普平台的探索与实践

有效利用高校的科研和人才资源优势，依托陕西省"工科化学"实践教学示范中心，创建主要面向中小学生的化学科普平台。通过在科研团队基础上建设以研究生为主体、教师为指导的科普团队，并打造集知识学习、实践探索及兵器特色于一体的"ABC"科普课程体系，开设各类趣味化学及相关学科的实践项目，促进公众正确理解和认识化学，培养他们的科学精神进而提高科学素养。同时，参与科普工作也有效提升了研究生的实践能力，激发了他们从事科研的兴趣，也为研究生的培养开拓了一条新途径。     

协作式实验教学模式在仪器分析实验中的探索推广——以气相色谱-质谱联用实验为例

以气相色谱-质谱联用实验为例,阐述协作式实验教学模式在仪器分析实验教学中的应用。通过团队协作的方式,激发学生参与实验的热情,提高学生的团队协作能力和竞争意识,提高实验教学质量。     

检测报告导向的分析化学实验教学改革

针对目前分析化学实验课程存在的问题，以社会检测机构的检测报告特点为导向，做出了相应的教学、报告和考评改革。改革中增加了实际样品、国标使用、量值溯源、报告设计和同组审核等内容，使学生提高了学习动力、掌握了量值溯源、报告设计和团队协作能力，为未来就业和深造打下坚实基础。     

基于团队合作的仪器分析设计实验教学初探

在仪器分析设计实验教学中,学生采取以小组为单位,团队合作的教学模式,从实验课题的选取、实验方案的确定,到实验的实施和总结,分工协作完成实验项目。教学实践表明,这一教学模式有助于提高学生的主观能动性、团队合作意识和人际交往能力。     

以大型仪器为依托构建本科生科研素质培养的新模式

本文以江汉大学高分子材料与工程专业本科教学为例,提出以大型仪器为依托构建本科生科研素质培养的新模式。借助于大型仪器在本科生科研素质培养中的优势作用,采用建立在线资料库、大型仪器模拟仿真、大型仪器操作实训、组建学生科研团队和建立多元化考核评价体系等措施,进一步激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的自主学习能力、独立思考能力、团队协作能力和创新能力。通过转变学习方式和方法,提升学生的学习和科学研究等方面的综合能力,为高素质、有特色的应用型技术人才的培养提供一定的参考。     

基于“互联网+”背景的仪器分析类课程MTSAE教学模式构建

在互联网+和双一流学科建设国际化背景下,针对培养具有工程实践能力、团队合作精神和国际视野人才的目标,以提升学生自主创新水平和综合素质为导向,对本科生和研究生仪器分析类课程进行了改革。构建了与国际接轨的MTSAE教学模式,即通过采用网络教学(M)、团队协作(T)、学术研讨(S)、国内外课堂互通(A)和全方位评价(E)等方式来引导学生积极参与到国际化背景的教学活动中,发挥主观能动性,扩充前沿知识储备,增强团队攻关和合作交流能力,有效提升了学生的国际化水平,对于创新型人才的培养起到了积极的推动作用。     

分析化学“设计性实验”教学的研究与实践

介绍了以培养学生的学习能力、解决问题的能力、交流能力、团队合作能力和创新能力为目标,集十年“设计性实验”教学的实践经验,确定了分析化学“设计性实验”的具体运行模式,利用自编讨论式实验教学电子课件、“设计性实验”教师参考资料库等开展实验教学.     

项目式学习在能源化工专业无机及分析化学课程中的实践——以光催化分解水制氢为例

针对能源化工专业对具有创新精神和实践能力的应用型人才的培养要求，我们尝试在无机及分析化学课程中开展项目式学习法。本文以“光催化分解水制氢”为例，设计“分析太阳能到氢能的转化方式”“探究光催化分解水制氢气的基本原理”和“设计光催化分解水制氢的催化剂”三个子任务，综合多种视角解决实际复杂问题。将本学科核心知识和跨学科核心知识在项目情境下重整，形成一个认知的有机整体。学生在独立思考、团队合作过程中亲身体验科学家的研究过程，深刻理解理论知识在帮助解决问题时的价值和功能，真正实现“学以致用”，培养学生的实践能力和创新精神。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。