“化学游戏教学”的“学教评产”混合式教学模式实践

基于师范类专业认证理念与毕业要求的教学前端分析,建构“学教评产”混合式教学模式,通过整合教学内容、重构教学安排与优化教学评价,对“化学游戏教学”课程进行创新性改革,并从学生学习成果、教学目标达成与学生满意度等3个方面评价教学成效。结果表明:该教学模式有助于学生学习成果质量的提升,能够有效促进教学目标的达成,并取得较高的学生满意度。     

校本课程开发:从“化学传奇”到“化学阅读”

校本课程“化学传奇”主要是引导学生阅读化学史文章。校本课程从“化学传奇”升级到“化学阅读”,化学阅读的内容拓展了,阅读形式升级了:由文章阅读升级为视频观看和整本书阅读,阅读的时间由校本课程的课内阅读延伸到课外阅读,阅读时段由校本课程季扩展为高中全学段。学生的阅读活动,也由教师规定阅读内容升级到学生在推荐书目内自主选择性阅读和个性化阅读。     

“工程化学”SPOC的建设与教学效果

河西学院“工程化学”教师组建设了面向河西学院土木工程专业,1.5学分的“工程化学”SPOC(小规模限制性在线课程),录制了44个视频知识点,讲解了物质的化学组成与聚集状态、化学反应与能源、水溶液中的化学、非化工类生产中的化学知识,设置了11次作业强化学生学习效果。该课程通过超星学习通平台上线并完成了教学任务。通过3个专业班级的教学实践,发现线上视频学习、课后作业、线上教师答疑相结合的教学模式,不仅发挥了学生为主体的学习作用,还实现了良好的教学效果。     

以实际问题解决吸引学生主动选修化学——校本课程“化学与考古”的案例分析

提升化学对学生的吸引力是促使学生选修化学、落实化学核心素养的前提。以校本选修课程“化学与考古”为例,从现代技术、物质性质、实验装备、反应原理、工艺、生物化学等多角度用化学知识解决考古与文保疑难,将抽象的化学知识落实到考古事例中探讨,主动创设情境帮助学生体验化学的魅力,为普高教学中化学知识的实用化提供新的视角。     

提升教学设计内涵 构建有趣有料的“大学化学”绪论课*

在“新工科”建设的背景下,对于核心基础课绪论章节的内涵式教学设计势在必行。以“大学化学”课程为例,通过化学简史讲过去、诺贝尔化学奖展现在、化学学科分支谈内容、化学与生活激兴趣、中国化学家故事讲思政和课程要求讲考核等教学设计,深挖核心基础课的绪论章节的内涵。具有内涵的绪论课,不但可以激发学生学习化学兴趣,有助于培养学生化学思维解决问题的能力,而且可以将课程思政润物细无声切入,培养具有家国情怀和民族自豪感的航空航天领域人才。     

高师院校实施合作学习教学模式的实践与思考

结合高师化学专业化学与社会课程的教学实践,对大学课程采用合作学习教学模式进行了探索;阐述了合作学习教学模式在课程教学中的必要性、具体做法及应该把握的几个问题。     

农业院校研究生“现代化学化工实验技术”课程的设计与教学实践

“现代化学化工实验技术”是根据农业院校研究生的生源特点和化学工程与技术专业的培养要求开设的一门专业课程。论文介绍了课程教学团队在实验教学体系的构建、教学内容的设计、教学模式的改革和课程网络平台的建设等方面的实践情况。实践表明,该课程对培养应用化学、生物化工、工业催化、化学工程等专业研究生的化学化工基本操作技能以及创新和研究能力发挥了重要作用,为从事学位研究工作打下良好的基础。     

无机元素化学的智慧“教与学”*

依托校内无机化学在线课程,将基于“超星”学习通平台的混合式教学模式引入元素化学知识的学习,设计了“MOOC+案例精讲+QQ群辅助”的教学策略。实践过程中,借助MOOC自主学习低阶的知识点,采用专题直播、分组活动、PBL教学法开展高阶知识点的学习,QQ群辅助进行实时答疑。学习通平台串联起了教室端、移动端和管理端,师生线上线下的交流互动,有助于实现愉快、高效的智慧“教与学”。调查显示,基于“一平三端”的混合教学形式得到大部分学生的认可。     

化学专业英语教学改革研究*——基于“在用中学”模式的探索与实践

化学专业英语是大学生在专业知识学习和创新、实践能力培养过程中常常会接触和应用到的。针对化学专业英语教学过程中的学生学习动力不足、知识记忆不牢等问题,结合学生们对化学专业英语的实际应用需求,介绍了化学专业英语教学团队在探索和实践“在用中学”的专业英语课程教学新模式过程中的经验和反思。     

应用化学专业“高分子化学”课程多维互动教学模式的探索

从高分子化学课程的特点和教学现状出发,针对应用化学的专业特点和培养目标,从课堂内和课堂外2个层面入手,注重理论和实践的有机结合,进行高分子化学课程多维互动教学模式的探索。通过多维互动教学模式的开展不断激发学生学习的激情,培养学习兴趣;结合教学内容提供学生更多自主探索和思考的空间,提高学生主观能动性;从学生的需求和专业发展的角度,逐步提高学生专业素养和专业能力,切实提高课程的教学效果。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。