Evidence of a fcc-hcp transition in aluminum at multimegabar pressure

The structure phase transition and the equation of state (EOS) of the third-period simple metal Al were investigated at pressure up to 333 GPa by powder x-ray diffraction experiments. The theoretically predicted fcc-hcp transition was observed at the reduced volume V/V0 of 0.509(1), corresponding to the pressure of 217+/-10 GPa. From the obtained pressure-volume data, the pressure derivative of the bulk modulus K0' for the EOS of fcc-Al was determined to be 4.83(3) by fitting to the Vinet formulation with a fixed value 72.7 GPa of K0 obtained from previous ultrasonic experiments.     

Equations of State for Regular Solids

Equations of State (EOS) for solids under strong compression and wide ranges in temperature are most commonly represented by "parametric" EOS forms using temperature dependent parameters for the volume V 0 , the bulk modulus K 0 , and its pressure derivative K_{0}^{\prime} for the given ambient (or zero) pressure. Therefore, various common "parametric" EOS forms are compared at first with the recently proposed [1,2] A dapted P olynomical expansion AP2, and in the second part with the Mie-Grüneisen approach, which uses one of the common EOS forms for the pressure of the static lattice or for the zero temperature isotherm, p ZT ( V ), and a detailed modelling of the additional thermal pressure, p th ( V , T ), in the form p(V,T) = p_{\rm ZT}(V) + p_{\rm th}(V,T) . Thereby, it is shown, that "intrinsic" anharmonicity effects have to be taken into account and between the two schemes differences of the order of a few percent in pressure are noticed for regular solids, like Cu, Ag, and Au. These differences are discussed with respect to the present uncertainties in a practical pressure scale for wide ranges in pressure (up to several TPa) and in temperature (up to 1500 K and above).     

静高压加载下LY12铝的超声测量与等温状态方程

 利用“脉冲回波重合法”测量了多晶LY12铝在流体静压加载下的纵波与横波声速随压力的变化。并根据较低压力（<0.5 GPa）下的超声测量数据所确定的零压弹性模量及其对压力的偏导数,导出了LY12铝的Murnaghan、Birch-Murnaghan、Vinet三种不同形式的等温状态方程,发现由超声测量数据导出的Vinet 状态方程能很好地描述面心立方（fcc）结构的铝与铝合金在较高压力（约200 GPa）下的压缩特性。此外,由超声数据计算了LY12铝在室温常压条件下的Debye温度为430.97 K、热力学Grüneisen系数为2.025、平均声模Grüneisen系数为2 379。     

Time dependent gravitational potential in the universe and some consequences

In this paper, assuming a linear change of the gravitational potential V in the universe, i.e. , some consequences are obtained. 1. The Hubble red shift is explained by the potential difference between the considered galaxy long time ago and the observer at this epoch. 2. The anomalous acceleration a _P from the spacecraft Pioneer 10 and 11 [1] is explained. 3. The deformations of the trajectories of planets are studied. It is shown that the planetary orbits are not axially symmetric and the angle from the perihelion to the aphelion is , while the angle from the aphelion to the perihelion is , where is the orbital period. There is no perihelion precession caused by the time dependent gravitational potential V. The quotient of two consecutive orbital periods ₁ and ₂ is equal to This formula is tested for the pulsars B1885+09 and B1534+12, and the results are good.This revised version was published online in April 2005. The publishing date was inserted.     

Heat Capacity Under Pressure of CeCoIn 5

Among heavy-fermion (HF) superconductors, CeCoIn 5 exhibits a record high value of T c =2.3 K at ambient pressure [1]. CeCoIn 5 belongs to a new class of HF-superconductors that crystallize in the tetragonal HoCoGa 5 -structure. This structure can be regarded as alternating layers of CeIn 3 and CoIn 2 . Bulk CeIn 3 undergoes a transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) state at ambient pressure ( T N =10.2 K) to a superconducting state with very low T C =0.15 K at a critical pressure p c =2.8 GPa [2] at which long range magnetic order vanishes. It is, therefore, regarded as a possible candidate for magnetically mediated superconductivity (SC). We report on measurements of the heat capacity of CeCoIn 5 at hydrostatic pressures p h 1.5 GPa. While T c increases with increasing pressure, the effective mass of the quasi-particles m eff decreases, as indicated by the ratio C / T | T c . As a working hypothesis based on theories of a nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi-liquid (NAFFL), this may be interpreted as the stabilization of the superconducting state by an increase of the characteristic spin fluctuation temperature T_{SF} (T_{SF}\propto k_F^2/m_{\rm eff}).     

Pressure Studies of the Unconventional Superconductors CeTIn 5 (T: Co,Ir)

In the quest for new superconductor compounds which adopt the superconducting state at increasingly higher transition temperatures T c , a non-phonon mediated coupling between the charge carriers seems to play a key role. In order to enhance our understanding of such unconventional coupling mechanisms, we studied a new family of heavy fermion (HF) superconductors CeTIn 5 (T: transition metal) whose properties point toward the realization of unconventional superconductivity (SC): the specific heat, thermal conductivity and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate of CeIrIn 5 and CeCoIn 5 decrease as a power law of temperature instead of exponentially for T < T c . We report on measurements of the heat capacity of CeIrIn 5 and CeCoIn 5 at hydrostatic pressures p h 1.6 GPa. In both compounds, T c increases with increasing pressure, while the mass of the quasi-particles m eff decreases, as indicated by the ratio C / T | T c . As a working hypothesis based on theories of a nearly antiferromagnetic Fermi-liquid (NAFFL), this may be interpreted as the stabilization of the superconducting state by an increase of the characteristic spin fluctuation temperature T_{\rm SF}\ (T_{\rm SF}\propto k_{\rm F}^{2}/m_{\rm eff}).     

Relativistic calculations on the transition electric dipole moments and radiative lifetimes of the spin-forbidden transitions in the antimony hydride molecule

Calculations on the spectroscopic constants and transition properties of the first three states (${\rm a}^{1}\Delta $, ${\rm b}^{1}\Sigma^{+}$, and X$^{3}\Sigma^-$) of the SbH molecule were performed under the relativistic framework using the exact two-component Hamiltonian (X2C). The potential energy curves in the Franck-Condon region were computed and compared with the previous values. Furthermore, the transition dipole moments for the weak spin-forbidden transitions (${\rm b}0^{+}$-X$_{1}0^{+}$, ${\rm b}0^{+}$-X$_{2}$1, X$_{1}0^{+}$-X$_{2}$1, and X$_{2}$1-${\rm a}$2) were reported. The spontaneous radiative lifetime of the ${\rm b}^{1}\Sigma^{+}$ ($\upsilon '=0$) state was calculated as 163.5 $\pm$ 7.5 μs, which is in reasonable agreement with the latest experimental value of 173 $\pm$ 3 μs. The spontaneous radiative lifetimes of the X$_{2}$1 ($\upsilon '=0$) state and the ${\rm a}$2 ($\upsilon '=0$) state were calculated to be 48.6 s and $\sim 8 $ ms, respectively. Our study is expected to be a benchmark transition property computation for comparison with other theoretical and experimental results. The datasets presented in this paper, including the transition dipole moments, are openly available at https://dx.doi.org/10.11922/sciencedb.j00113.00018.     

An Algebra of Deformation Quantization for Star-Exponentials on Complex Symplectic Manifolds

The cotangent bundle T ^* X to a complex manifold X is classically endowed with the sheaf of k-algebras of deformation quantization, where k := is a subfield of . Here, we construct a new sheaf of k-algebras which contains as a subalgebra and an extra central parameter t. We give the symbol calculus for this algebra and prove that quantized symplectic transformations operate on it. If P is any section of order zero of , we show that is well defined in .     

Advances in data reduction of high-pressure x-ray powder diffraction data from two-dimensional detectors: a case study of schafarzikite (FeSb(2)O(4))

Methods have been developed to facilitate the data analysis of multiple two-dimensional powder diffraction images. These include, among others, automatic detection and calibration of Debye-Scherrer ellipses using pattern recognition techniques, and signal filtering employing established statistical procedures like fractile statistics.All algorithms are implemented in the freely available program package Powder3D developed for the evaluation and graphical presentation of large powder diffraction data sets.As a case study, we report the pressure dependence of the crystal structure of iron antimony oxide FeSb(2)O(4) (p≤21?GPa, T = 298?K) using high-resolution angle dispersive x-ray powder diffraction. FeSb(2)O(4) shows two phase transitions in the measured pressure range. The crystal structures of all modifications consist of frameworks of Fe(2+)O(6) octahedra and irregular Sb(3+)O(4) polyhedra. At ambient conditions, FeSb(2)O(4) crystallizes in space group P4(2)/mbc (phase I). Between p = 3.2?GPa and 4.1?GPa it exhibits a displacive second order phase transition to a structure of space group P 2(1)/c (phase II, a = 5.7792(4)??, b = 8.3134(9)??, c = 8.4545(11)??, β = 91.879(10)°, at p = 4.2?GPa). A second phase transition occurs between p = 6.4?GPa and 7.4?GPa to a structure of space group P4(2)/m (phase III, a = 7.8498(4)??, c = 5.7452(5)??, at p = 10.5?GPa). A nonlinear compression behaviour over the entire pressure range is observed, which can be described by three Vinet equations in the ranges from p = 0.52?GPa to p = 3.12?GPa, p = 4.2?GPa to p = 6.3?GPa and from p = 7.5?GPa to p = 19.8?GPa. The extrapolated bulk moduli of the high-pressure phases were determined to K(0) = 49(2)?GPa for phase I, K(0) = 27(3)?GPa for phase II and K(0) = 45(2)?GPa for phase III. The crystal structures of all phases are refined against x-ray powder data measured at several pressures between p = 0.52?GPa, and 10.5?GPa.     

Observational constraints on the accelerating universe in the framework of a 5D bounce cosmological model

In the framework of a five-dimensional (5D) bounce cosmological model, a useful function f(z) is obtained by giving a concrete expression of deceleration parameter q(z)=q₁+{q₂}/{1+ln (1+ z)}. Then using the obtained Hubble parameter H(z) according to the function f(z), we constrain the accelerating universe from recent cosmic observations: the 192 ESSENCE SNe Ia and the 9 observational H(z) data. The best fitting values of transition redshift z_T and current deceleration parameter q₀ are given as z_T= 0.65_-0.12^0.25 and q₀ = - 0.76_-0.15^+0.15 (1σ). Furthermore, in the 5D bounce model it can be seen that the evolution of equation of state (EOS) for dark energy w_de can cross over -1 at about z=0.23 and the current value w_0de= - 1.15<- 1. On the other hand, by giving a concrete expression of model-independent EOS of dark energy w_de, in the 5D bounce model we obtain the best fitting values z_T= 0.66_0.08^+0.11 and q₀ = - 0.69_0.10^+0.10 (1σ) from the recently observed data: the 192 ESSENCE SNe Ia, the observational H(z) data, the 3-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) baryon acoustic peak and the x-ray gas mass fraction in clusters.     

Scaling of anisotropic flows and nuclear equation of state in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Elliptic flow ($v_2$) and hexadecupole flow ($v_4$) of light clusters have been studied in detail for 25 MeV/nucleon $^{86}$Kr + $^{124}$Sn at large impact parameters by using a quantum molecular dynamics model with different potential parameters. Four sets of parameters including soft or hard equation of state (EOS) with or without symmetry energy term are used. Both number-of-nucleon ($A$) scaling of the elliptic flow versus transverse momentum ($p_{\rm t}$) and the scaling of $v_4/A^{2}$ versus $(p_{\rm t}/A)^2$ have been demonstrated for the light clusters in all above calculation conditions. It is also found that the ratio of $v_4/{v_2}^2$ maintains a constant of 1/2 which is independent of $p_{\rm t}$ for all the light fragments. Comparisons among different combinations of the EOS and the symmetry potential term show that the above scaling behaviours are sound and independent of the details of potential, while the strengths of flows are sensitive to the EOS and the symmetry potential term.     

Pressure Response of the Higher Fullerene C 84 Studied by Raman and X-ray Scattering

The pressure behavior of the intramolecular phonon modes of the fullerene C 84 and its structural stability have been studied for the first time by means of Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction at high pressure up to ～10 GPa. The volume of the cubic unit cell has been measured as a function of pressure. The experimental data fitted by the Murnaghan equation-of-state (EOS) gave K_{0}=19.5\pm 0.9\,\hbox{GPa} and K_{0}^{\prime}=16.4\pm 0.6 . The pressure coefficients and Grüneisen parameters of the intramolecular phonon modes of C 84 have been determined and compared with those of other fullerenes. The data obtained do not show any phase transition and the pressure behavior of the material is entirely reversible in the pressure region investigated.     

Anomalies in the elastic properties of silicious iron single crystals at pressures of up to 9 GPa and the α−ɛ phase transformation

A Fe+5.07 at.%Si single crystal has been studied by ultrasonic-pulse technique. Its density and elastic constants were determined for p=0 and T=293 K. The dependence of the elastic properties of silicious iron on Si concentration was constructed. The compression, the effective elastic constants, and the Grüneisen parameters were measured at hydrostatic pressures of up to 9 GPa. It was found that for p=0, and . The elastic constants c ₄₄ and c′ increase linearly with pressure by 19.3 and 18.2% by p=9 GPa. The elastic anisotropy does not vary with pressure. For p>4 GPa, c ₁₁, c ₁₂, and K _S were observed to increase nonlinearly with decreasing pressure derivative. The Grüneisen parameter γ _LA decreases with pressure down to 0.70 at 9 GPa to become negative when extrapolated to the region of the α−ɛ phase transformation. The anomalies in c ₁₁ and the negative values of γ _LA for p>11 GPa indicate that the phase transformation in silicious iron at 13.5 GPa can take place by the crystallographic mechanism of the α−ɛ transformation in pure iron, i.e. by lattice compression in the [001] direction and shearing of the (110) planes along or . An assumption is put forward that pressure gives rise in silicious iron to sp-d hybridization, which results in increased screening of the ion-ion interaction and in anomalies in elastic properties. Similar phenomena are expected to occur in pure bcc Fe as well. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 516–522 (March 1999)     

Dynamic polarizabilities of the clock states of Al+

The dynamic polarizabilities of ${\rm 3s}^2\,^1{\rm S}_0$ and ${\rm 3s}{\rm 3p}\,^3{\rm P}_0^{\rm o}$ states of Al$^+$ are calculated using the hybrid configuration interaction and many-body perturbation theory method, and multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method in this work. Five ultraviolet magic wavelengths for the Al$^+$ clock transition ${\rm 3s}^2\,^1{\rm S}_0$-${\rm 3s3p}\,^3{\rm P}_0^{\rm o}$ are predicted. Although the suitable lasers are not available presently, the potential precision measurement on these magic wavelengths for the Al$^+$ clock transition would be used to extract the ratios of several certain transition matrix elements with high accuracy, and then help to improve the precision and reliability of the estimate of the BBR shift of the Al$^+$ clock transition. The differential dynamic polarizabilities at certain wavelengths are evaluated, which are useful to assess the ac Stark shift of the Al$^+$ clock transition frequency and helpful in the clock experiments to suppress the ac Stark shift of the clock transition as possible as it can.     

Study of the FCNH Coupling with Boosted Higgs at LHC*

We present a study about the flavor changing coupling of the top quark with the Higgs boson through the channel $pp\to H t/\bar{t}$ with $H\to b\bar{b}$ at LHC. The final states considered for the such process are $l^\pm+\mathbb{E}_{T}+3b$. We focus on the boosted region in the phase space of the Higgs boson. The backgrounds and events are simulated and analyzed. The sensitivities for the FCNH couplings are estimated. It is found that it is more sensitive for $y_{\rm tu}$ than $y_{\rm tq}$ at LHC. The upper limits of the FCNH couplings can be set at LHC with 3000 ${\rm fb}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity as $\vert y_{\rm tu}\vert^2=1.1\times10^{-3}$ and $\vert y_{\rm tc}\vert^2=7.2\times 10^{-3}$ at 95% C.L.     

Two-electron and one-photon transitions in highly charged nickel-like ions

This paper calculates the transition wavelengths and probabilities of the two-electron and one-photon (TEOP) transition from the $(3{\rm s}^{-1}_{1/2}4{\rm d}_{j})_{J=1,2}$ to $(3{\rm p}^{-1}_{3/2}4{\rm s}_{1/2})_{J=1}$ and the $(3{\rm p}^{-1}_{1/2}4{\rm s}_{1/2})_{J=1}$ to $(3{\rm d}^{-1}_{j}4{\rm d}_{j'})_{J=1,2}$ for highly charged Ni-like ions with atomic number $Z$ in the range $47\leq Z\leq92$. In the calculations, the multi-configuration Dirac--Fock method and corresponding program packages GRASP92 and REOS99 were used, and the relativistic effects, correlation effects and relaxation effects were considered systematically. It is found that the TEOP transitions are very sensitive to the correlation of electrons, and the probabilities will be enhanced sharply in some special $Z$ regions along the isoelectronic sequence. The present TEOP transition wavelengths are compared with the available data from some previous publications, good agreement is obtained.     

The influence of collision energy on magnetically tuned 6Li-6Li Feshbach resonance

The effect of collision energy on the magnetically tuned $^{6}$Li-$^{6}$Li Feshbach resonance (FR) is investigated theoretically by using the coupled-channel (CC) method for the collision energy ranging from 1 μ$ {\rm K} \cdot {k}_{\rm B}$ to 100 μ$ {\rm K} \cdot {k}_{\rm B}$. At the collision energy of 1 μ$ {\rm K} \cdot {k}_{\rm B}$, the resonance positions calculated are 543.152 Gs (s wave, the unit $1 {\rm Gs}=10^{-4} {\rm T}$), 185.109 Gs (p wave $|m_{l}| = 0$), and 185.113 Gs (p wave $|m_{l}| = 1$), respectively. The p-wave FR near 185 Gs exibits a doublet structure of 4 mGs, associated with dipole-dipole interaction. With the increase of the collision energy, it is found that the splitting width remains the same (4 mGs), and that the resonance positions of s and p waves are shifted to higher magnetic fields with the increase of collision energy. The variations of the other quantities including the resonance width and the amplitude of the total scattering section are also discussed in detail. The thermally averaged elastic rate coefficients at $T=10$, 15, 20, 25 K are calculated and compared.     

Ultrahigh pressure equation of state of CaS to 1.5 Mbar

Abstract

Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD) was performed at room temperature to gather structural data on CaS between approximately 1.7 GPa to nearly 150GPa. In these experiments, CaS retained the B1 structure up to approximately 40 GPa above which it began to transform to the B2 structure. The B2 structure remained stable to the highest pressure reached, 149 GPa, where the relative volume V/V₀ was 0.490. Previous studies on CaS extended only up to 52 GPa, which is barely 10 GPa after the B1 phase changes to the B2 structure. Thus it was not possible to accurately extrapolate the equation of state (EOS) for the B2 phase region to significantly higher pressures. In the present study EOS data for CaS was collected to 150 GPa and no other structural change was observed. EOS parameters for the B1 and B2 phase regions agree well with values reported in the literature.