High-pressure x-ray diffraction station at the beijing synchrotron radiation facility

Abstract

In the second phase construction of further insertion devices, beamlines and experimental stations at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, a dedicated high-pressure x-ray diffraction station will be constructed. We outline the synchrotron radiation source, beamline optics and high-pressure x-ray diffraction apparatus. This facility is planned to operate for users in 1994.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

High pressure studies at the photon factory

Abstract

The Photon Factory has unique features from the point of view of high pressure research. Six beamlines have been used for high pressure experiments, two of which were constructed as dedicated beamlines for large high pressure devices. Various kinds of high pressure studies, such as powder and single crystal x-ray diffraction and absorption experiments, have been carried out on these beamlines by more than 30 user groups, including foreign visitors. Two types of high pressure apparatuses are most frequently used. One is the large volume high pressure devices (MAX80 and MAX90) combined with high energy and/or high brightness synchrotron radiation. The other is a system combining the diamond anvil cell with a 2-dimensional detector, the IMAGE PLATE. Many improvements have been made both in the high pressure techniques and the diffraction measurement methods.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’. Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

High pressure,high resolution synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction with a position-sensitive detector

Abstract

We report results of high-pressure experiments with a new diamond-anvil cell in a monochromatic, high-resolution x-ray scattering geometry with alinear position-sensitive detector. The experiments make possible the study of factors controlling line widths of diffraction profiles at pressures in the 100 GPa range, and demonstrate the potential for the use of line profile analysis and Rietveld refinement techniques with high-pressure powder diffraction data. Combined data for various materials indicate that relative contributions to linewidths due to particle size, intrinsic material strength, pressure and state of stress in the sample can be resolved. With light rare-gas solids as pressure-transmitting media, measured FWHMs of the order 0.03? 2 θ corresponding to resolution Δd/d of 2.5 × 10^?3 for 2θ～10-15? are reported. Formation of a high pressure phase appears to involve growth of submicron domains, judging from substantially broadened diffraction peaks under quasihydrostatic conditions. Detailed analysis of complex, non-quenchable high-pressure phases will likely require annealing techniques such as thermal cycling at pressure.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

New techniques for new sources: A fresh look at energy-dispersive diffraction for high-pressure studies

Abstract

Energy-dispersive diffraction is the most frequently used technique for high-pressure studies with synchrotron radiation. For optimum performance it requires high-energy radiation and few existing sources are able to meet this requirement. This is also important with large volume devices which demand even higher energies in order to obtain sufficient transmission. When working with diamond-anvil cells, the main experimental difficulties arise from the very small sample sizes. The use of a conical diffraction geometry increases the diffracted intensities, improves the signal-to-noise ratio and largely overcomes the crystallite statistics problem. This technique can also be used to greatly simplify high-pressure single-crystal studies. Combining these developments with recent progress in detectors and electronics will open up the field of high-pressure kinetics, but it is only with the operation of third generation synchrotron sources such as the ESRF that the present experimental limitations will be overcome.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’. Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Materials for high temperature diamond anvil cells

Abstract

We review the chemical and mechanical behaviour of diamond and other materials of use in diamond anvil cells intended to operate at high temperature. Operation at up to 600?C presents no special problems, whereas high-pressure studies at higher temperatures require cells constructed from unusual materials and controlled-atmosphere operation. Methods of P and T determination are also discussed.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for HighPressure Crystallography’. Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high pressure

Abstract

The difficulties of the adaptation of high pressure to x-ray absorption are presented. The advantages of the energy-dispersive geometry are discussed as well as the future improvements expected with the new synchrotron radiation sources.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Third International Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy Meeting

The International Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD) Spectroscopy Meeting was held at the Physikzentrum, Bad Honnef, Germany on May 17–20, 2015, as the 590^th WE-Heraeus-Seminar. It was the third in the series of SRCD Workshops, following the first one held at the Daresbury Synchrotron (UK) in 2001, and the second at the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) and the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) in 2009. SRCD2015 was organized by Dr. Jochen Bürck, Prof. Anne Ulrich, and Dr. Dirk Windisch (all of Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany) and Prof. Bonnie Ann Wallace (Birkbeck College, University of London, UK). It was aimed at both synchrotron CD beamline scientists and scientific users of the beamlines, and included participants from 14 countries. For the first time, representatives of all operational SRCD beamlines worldwide were present at the same meeting, and scientists developing two new SRCD beamlines also participated.     

Media reviews

Synchrotron Radiation Sciences: A Primer by Herman Winick Scientific, ISBN 981–02–1856–7 500 pp, 1994, US$86, £64

Optical Engineering Special Section on High Heat Flux Optical Engineering     

Angle-dispersive powder diffraction at high pressure using an image-plate area detector

Abstract

An imaging-plate system designed for the full Rietveld refinement of crystal structures at high pressure is described. Emphasis is given to techniques that have been developed to obtain data free from contaminating diffraction peaks and to a general method of processing the diffraction data. The advantages of using pressure cells that allow full diffraction patterns to be collected are also described.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Radiometry with synchrotron radiation at the PTB laboratory at Bessy ii

A workshop on Engineering Applications of Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation took place on September 13–14, 2004, at the ESRF in Grenoble, France. The workshop brought together around 100 leading scientists and engineers who discussed the application of synchrotron X-ray and neutron central facilities for engineering problems. The event was organized by the FaME38 materials engineering facility at ILL-ESRF. FaME38 is jointly funded by the UK research council EPSRC and ILL-ESRF and provides support to enable materials engineers to make the best use of the advanced synchrotron X-ray and neutron scientific facilities at ILL-ESRF.

The programme included formal presentations, a poster session, informal workgroup sessions and an opportunity to meet staff at the ILL-ESRF materials science beamlines. The formal presentations were structured into three sessions entitled Progress, Complementarity, and Applications chaired by Giovanni Bruno (ILL), Thomas Buslaps (ESRF), and Darren Hughes (FaME38).     

Single crystal x-ray diffraction with a synchrotron source in a mdac at low temperature

Abstract

A new diamond anvil cell and a helium flow cryostat have been developed for x-ray diffraction on single crystals at low temperatures and high pressures using the white radiation of a synchrotron beam. This novel instrument especially enables continuous change of sample temperature and pressure without any adjustment of alignment. A minimum temperature of 46 K has been reached.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Rietveld analysis for energy dispersive x-ray diffraction under high pressure with synchrotron radiation

Abstract

A new program has been developed for the conversion of energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction spectra obtained from powder samples at high pressure in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) into conventional pseudo angle-dispersive data. The program is compatible with a conventional Rietveld program. This allows the determination of the structural parameters of the samples investigated. Results of a synchrotron radiation study of polycrystalline SrFCl in the tetragonal phase at high pressure are presented.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Expected thermal deformation and wavefront preservation of a cryogenic Si monochromator for Cornell ERL beamlines

Cornell energy‐recovery linac (ERL) beamlines will have higher power density and higher fractional coherence than those available at third‐generation sources; therefore the capability of a monochromator for ERL beamlines has to be studied. A cryogenic Si monochromator is considered in this paper because the perfect atomic structure of Si crystal is needed to deliver highly coherent radiation. Since neither the total heat load nor the power density alone can determine the severity of crystal deformation, a metric called modified linear power density is used to gauge the thermal deformation. For all ERL undulator beamlines, crystal thermal deformation profiles are simulated using the finite‐element analysis tool ANSYS, and wavefront propagations are simulated using Synchrotron Radiation Workshop. It is concluded that cryogenic Si monochromators will be suitable for ERL beamlines in general.     

High pressure studies using synchrotron radiation and tungsten carbide anvil cells

Abstract

High pressure studies have been carried out on a range of materials using the high pressure facility at the UK Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS). Custom-built Bridgman, Drickamer and belt-type cells (Häusermann et al., 1989) were used for this work. The compressibility of copper has been measured on the NaCl scale up to 100 kbar in the Bridgman and Drickamer type cells. The data obtained with the two cells are in agreement, but differ from those found in the literature.     

Crystal structure refinement at high pressures using angle-dispersive powder diffraction techniques

Abstract

The development of area detectors such as the imaging plate (IP) allows the use of angle-dispersive techniques for powder diffraction studies at high pressure. Integration of the 2-d pattern greatly improves the powder averaging and signal-to-noise ratio, making it possible to carry out full Rietveld refinements of crystal structures in high-pressure phases. An IP system is being developed at the Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS), Daresbury, and the current status of this system -hardware and software -is described. Recent results on La₂CuO₄ and lnSb demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the techniques.     

11th Annual BNL Accelerator Test Facility Program Committee and Users' Meeting

The Seventh Annual Users' Meeting of the Canadian Light Source was a great success, as the world's newest synchrotron welcomed close to 400 researchers and students from across Canada, the U.S., Europe and Australia to the University of Saskatchewan on November 17–21, 2004. The plenary session of the Users' Meeting, held November 20, was preceded by five workshops: “XAFS Analysis Using Ifeffit, Athena and Artemis,” “SR Applications in Environmental Science,” “Medical Imaging,” “Protein Crystallography,” and “Applications of Elliptically Polarized Synchrotron Radiation.” Meetings of the Beamline Advisory Committee and beamline teams were held on November 21.

After welcoming remarks by Dr. Alan Anderson, Chair of the CLS User Advisory Committee, the meeting opened with a briefing by CLS Executive Director William Thomlinson regarding the accomplishments made by the CLS over the preceding year.     

The spring-8 project and the high pressure group in japan

Abstract

Two major synchrotron radiation projects are presented, the conversion of the 30GeV TRISTAN collider into an ultra-high-brilliance machine and Spring-8, the 8 GeV Japanese third generation source. The Japanese high-pressure group is introduced and its plans for Spring-8 are described in the context of the proposed scientific programme which covers physics and chemistry, earth and planetary science, material science and shock wave compression. The equipment programme and requirements include multianvil presses with high-temperature capability, diamond-anvil cells with low- or high-temperature capabilities, shock compression apparatus and image-plate systems. The latest developments include a high-sensitivity ruby fluorescence detector and a fan-type multiple slit system to allow the use of position-sensitive detectors with multianvil devices.

Presented at (he IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for HighPressure Crystallography’. Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Large volume high pressure research using the wiggler port at NSLS

Abstract

A DIA-type cubic-anvil high pressure apparatus (SAM-85) has been interfaced with white x-ray radiation from the superconducting wiggler port of the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Energy-dispersive x-ray diffraction measurements can be obtained for samples with dimensions of the order of 1 mm as a function of pressure and temperature utilizing x-ray energies of up to100 keV.

The sample environment is examined. Pressure is uniform in the sample chamber to within 0.1 GPa, and temperature is constant in the scattering volume to within 5°C.A method is defined for determining deviatoric stress. We find that for a sample containing NaCl and Au, the deviatoric stress increases to about 0.3 GPa as pressure increases to 1.5 GPa and then remains constant, probably reflecting the strength of the sample. Upon heating, the deviatoric stress quickly approaches zero.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’, Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Single crystal diffraction under high pressure with synchrotron radiation and a diamond anvil cell

Abstract

A single crystal study on AlPO₄ was performed at 2.90 GPa with synchrotron radiation with a wavelength of only 0.54 ?. The diffracted intensity was high enough to measure even weak reflections with sufficient counting statistics. However, the search for the reflections needed to setup the orientation matrix required a lot of beamtime. A feasibility study was carried out using a proportional area counter to reduce this search time. The results demonstrate that such counters can considerably reduce the time needed for the orientation of the crystal and the data collection.

Presented at the IUCr Workshop on ‘Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation for High Pressure Crystallography’. Daresbury Laboratory 20-21 July 1991     

Fine Measurements of Beamilne 3B1 at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

At the dedicated mode (the storage ring Ee=2.0GeV) of BEPC,we measured the intensity and the spectra of Beamline 3B1 at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) for different closed orbits.The optimum photon intensity and the optimization of operation condition for Beamline 3B1 were given in this paper.The results of measurements for energy spectra at different states were given and analysed also.