Research and applications of infrared thermal imaging systems suitable for developing countries

It is a common situation in most developing countries that the utilization ratio of the sources of energy is low, the reliability service of equipment is poor, the cost of installation maintenance is high, the loss due to conflagration is heavy, and so on. Therefore, they are in urgent need of using infrared thermal imaging technique to improve their energy saving, equipment diagnosis as well as fire searching. But the infrared thermal imaging systems in the world market so far are not suitable for their use. This paper summarizes the research on two dimensional real time infrared thermal imaging systems on the basis of electron beam scanning and pyroelectric detection, as well as their applications in industry in China.     

μSR studies on polyacetylenes

Positive muons were injected into both cis- and trans-polyacetylenes. From the various μSR measurements, the μ⁺ was found to form a radical state with an unpaired electron localized near μ⁺ in cis-polyacetylene, while in trans-polyacetylene it was found to be in a diamagnetic state. Combined with the observed H^?1/2 dependence of the μ⁺ relaxation rate on the applied longitudinal field H in trans-polyacetylene, it was explained by the formation of soliton in trans-polyacetylene. Also the radical state was found to become unstable in iodine-doped polyacetylenes. An explanation is given with respect to the soliton model.     

μSR measurements on UAl2

Magnetic properties and crystallization of amorphous Fe₇₄Co₁₀B₁₆ have been investigated by Mössbauer and DSC measurements. Probability distribution of hyperfine field P(H) shows a single peak which shifts to lower fields with increase in temperature. Crystallization has been found to give rise to α-(Fe-Co), Fe₂B and (Fe-Co)₂B phases.     

μSR studies on CeAl2

μSR studies on REAl₂ type compounds have so far given rather inconclusive results since no μSR frequency has been observed in the ordered magnetic states. Therefore, the results from the paramagnetic region [1,2] have been interpreted without detailed knowledge of the muon site or the mobility of the muons. In the present study of a single crystal sample of CeAl₂ we investigated in some detail the paramagnetic temperature range including the transition region to magnetic ordering around 3.6 K. The ordered magnetic state is antiferromagnetic with a modulated structure [3], and the absence of a spontaneous μSR precession signal belowT _N is therefore not unexpected.     

Techno-economic viability of upgrading thermal effluents in industries: Application in developing countries

Upgrading industrial thermal effluents using a heat pump is an effective energy conservation measure. Although it is proven and has been in use in industrialized countries, its application is grossly lacking in the developing world.Using technical and economical parameters, this paper investigates the viability of upgrading industrial thermal effluents and hence conserving energy using different types of heat pumps. Eleven different types of systems are formulated using the mathematical models developed for multi-stage vapor compression heat pumps and multi-stage vapor jet compressors and adopting the “Grossman Absorption Model” for the absorption heat transformer. A comparative analysis is performed for upgrading the low temperature industrial thermal effluents by employing various types of heat pumps with presently existing fuel and electricity prices in Thailand. It does not take into account the process details or the heat pump integration details. A case of integrating heat pumps in distillation columns in an industrial plant in Sri Lanka is also investigated. The energy saving potential clearly indicates that heat pumps are techno-economically viable in the industries of developing countries. The absorption heat transformer is very attractive since it utilizes waste heat itself to upgrade the thermal effluent temperature.     

BEPC同步辐射专用模式横向耦合测量及补偿

对北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)同步辐射专用模式下的横向二阶差共振耦合做了研究.应用二阶差共振微扰理论,首先测量了BEPC同步辐射专用模式的耦合系数,然后通过数值分析和程序模拟找出耦合来源,最后通过引入斜四极子,成功地对横向耦合进行了补偿.     

Do tidal harmonic constants depend on mean sea level? An investigation for the Gulf of Trieste

Summary The correlation between the mean sea level and the main seven tidal harmonic constants is investigated on the basis of 648 monthly observations, from 1939 to 1992, taken in the Gulf of Trieste. Some statistically significant correlations are singled out when the considered time interval is divided into classes of 54 corresponding months. These results allow us to conjecture that the observed variability of the harmonic constants is partially originated by the monthly mean-sea-level fluctuations, modulated by the meteorological regime.     

SR XRF study of natural micro- and nanostructured carbon from igneous rocks

Carbon micro- and nanoscale structures formed during the consolidation of magmatic rocks is investigated. They are very similar to nanoscale carbon structures synthesized in a laboratory. A wide range of elements (Fe, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pt, Zn, Ga, Ge, Br, Sr, Zr, and Pb) are identified by XRF analysis in natural globules of graphite containing micro- and nanoscale structures. Some of these elements are thought to be natural catalysts in the formation of carbon structures by chemical vapor phase deposition (CCVD); the rest (rare-earth and noble metals) are considered to be useful as indicators of host rock mineralization.     

High pressure μSR studies on single crystalline gadolinium

Muon spin rotation data on a single crystalline gadolinium sample have been obtained as function of temperature and hydrostatic external pressure up to 0.6 GPa. In the ferromagnetic state the application of pressure has a strong influence on the whole spin‐turning‐process of the spontaneous magnetization: The onset of the spin‐turning is shifted towards lower temperatures with a rate of approximately dT_st/ dp\approx -50 K/GPa. Higher values of the turning angle up to \vartheta_ext=90^\circ can be reached and stabilized over a wider temperature range. At low temperatures the magnetization turns back again. In the paramagnetic regime the data show a similar behaviour as under ambient pressure: both the Knight‐shift and the muon spin relaxation show deviations from their high temperature behaviour in the critical regime below (T-T_C) < 10 K. So there is no indication of pressure induced effects in this temperature range. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

科学家之路：从博士研究生到诺贝尔物理学奖得主

分析了诺贝尔物理学奖获奖者的年龄结构与学位制度,获奖工作与博士学位论文的关系以及导师对获奖者的作用.认为获奖者博士阶段的学习和研究工作是其成为一流科学家的关键阶段.