Appearance of anisotropic non s-wave superconductivity above the critical pressure of antiferromagnetic CeRhIn5

We have carried out ¹¹⁵In nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements in CeRhIn₅. At ambient pressure, CeRhIn₅ undergoes an antiferromagnetic AF phase transition at K. The ¹¹⁵In NQR spectrum has shown the appearance of a small internal field in the direction perpendicular to the tetragonal c-axis. With application of a hydrostatic pressure, the AF state is suppressed and the superconductivity appears just above the critical pressure (P = 17 kbar). The nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate 1/T₁ of ¹¹⁵In measured at P = 27 kbar indicates the occurrence of the superconductivity in the nearly AF region. In the superconducting state, 1/T₁ has no Hebel-Slichter coherence peak just below of 2 K and has a power law T-dependence (T³) down to 300 mK. This is consistent with anisotropic superconductivity, with line nodes in the superconducting energy gap: non-s-wave superconductivity occurs in CeRhIn₅. Received 5 July 2000     

Pressure effect on emission spectra and crystal field for La OBr : Eu

Abstract

The emission spectra for LaOBr : Eu were measured at pressures up to 13 GPa and room temperature. The pressure dependences of levels of ⁷F_0,1,2,3,4 and ⁵D_0,1,2 are given. The crystal field parameters B^k _q were computed by fitting the experimental levels. The strength of crystal field decreases with increasing pressure. A brief discussion on the observed phenomena is presented.     

An investigation on the magneto-optic properties of terbium gallium garnet under high magnetic field

The superexchange interaction on a magnetic ion may be represented by an effective field H_m = $\lambda$M in some paramagnetic materials, here λ is the coefficient of effective field and M = $\chi$H_e with $\chi$ being the magnetic susceptibility and H_e being the applied field. The variation of the equivalent $\lambda_{\chi}$with the dynamic applied field is given and the crystal field-splitting levels of the excited configuration 4f⁷5d¹ of the Tb³⁺ ion are calculated in the Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂. By means of the effective field H_m and the applied field H_e, the Faraday rotation of Tb₃Ga₅O₁₂ at 6 K and 41 K, under the high magnetic field and at 0.63 μm wavelength, are presented. Our calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data.     

Stark shifts and fine structure of the Li 3 D states

⁶Li 3²D _{3/2, 5/2} states were studied using a diode laser to first excite the 2P _3/2 state and a dye laser to populate the 3²D _{3/2, 5/2} states. The dye laser was modulated by an electro-optic modulator and intersected an atomic beam that passed through a field free region and subsequently through a uniform electric field. A value of 1084.24±0.20 MHz was found for the 3²D fine structure splitting. The scalar and tensor polarizabilities were determined to be α (3D _3/2 ) = - 3.753±0.015, α ₂ (3D _3/2 ) = 2.893±0.017, α (3D _5/2 ) = - 3.772±0.008 and α ₂ (3D _5/2 ) = 4.058±0.013 MHz/(kV/cm)². Received 26 September 2002 / Received in final form 22 January 2003 Published online 11 March 2003 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: wlaser@yorku.ca     

Forthcoming events 2001

Abstract

The magneto-optical spectra of the R₁ and R₂ lines of Cr³⁺ ions in alexandrite have been measured under hydrostatic pressures and magnetic fields up to 6 GPa and 15 T, respectively. The spins of the excited states, ²E, have the Heisenberg-type characters at atmospheric pressure, though the g-values are anisotropic with the values between 1.3 and 2.0. The g-values for the direction parallel to the α-axis remain unchanged with increasing pressure, while for the directions normal to the α-axis they are reduced appreciably. The fine structure parameters of spins in the ground state, ⁴A₂, exhibit quite a similar behavior. The R₁-R₂ splitting is reduced also by pressure. These properties are the evidences that the spins of the ²E states become of the king-type under pressures above about 15 GPa. The mechanism of such the change of spin character is discussed quantitatively on the basis of a crystal field model.     

Epitaxial growth and magnetic and electric properties of Co-doped thin films

In this research, c-axis oriented epitaxial anatase TiO ₂ thin films were grown on SrTiO ₃ (100) substrates using a ceramic Ti _0.95 Co _0.05 O ₂ target by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The film growth processes were monitored by reflective high energy electronic diffraction (RHEED). Microstructure, conductivity, and magnetism of these doped films are found strongly affected by the oxygen pressure and substrate temperature T_s. Grown at a T_s around 750 ^° C in an oxygen pressure of 0.2 mbar, the dopants are found existing as oxide inclusions. The doped film thus behaves as an insulator and shows diamagnetism in a magnetic field parallel to the film surface. However, in the doped film grown at a reduced temperature of 630 ^° C in a vacuum, no impurity phase can be identified. The film shows a saturated magnetic moment of 0.16μ _B / Co and a fairly good conductivity at room temperature. It is then concluded that nonequilibrium growth at lower temperatures in vacuum is essential for a high solubility of Co in the TiO ₂ lattice and thus the ferromagnetism.     

Pressure induced effects in forsixrite monitored by ESR

Summary

Chromium doped single crystals of Forsterite where investigated directly under the influence of uniaxial pressure in situ by ESR. The two Cr³⁺ centres M₁ and M₂ exhibit distinct response to the action of pressure on the crystal as a whole. The pressure effects are manifested in remarkable changes of the line width of the fine structure transitions. Uniaxial pressure in the MPa range induces nearly symmetrical distribution of distortions of the coordination polyhedra of the Cr³⁺ centres accompanied by reorientation effects.     

The influence of pressure on spontaneous magnetization of Fe60Mn20B20 amorphous alloy at temperature range 77.4–300 K

Abstract

Amorphous, ferromagnetic, invar like, Fe₆₀ Mn₂₀ B₂₀ alloy has been investigated. Two kinds of experiments were carried out for this alloy. The first, using high pressure technique, revealed the influence of pressure on B(H) dependencies within the wide range of temperature under pressure of 0.5 GPa. From the magnetization curves obtained during these experiments the decrease of spontaneous magnetization caused by applied pressure 0.5 GPa at temperature -180°C has been calculated at the rate about 7 10^?11T/Pa.

In the second kind of experiments the measurements of volume magnetostriction up to 720 kA/m magnetic field intensity have been done. Volume magnetostriction coefficient at temperature 77.4 K has been determined to be about 2 10^?11 [A/m]^?1.     

Noether's theorem and the fieldB (3)

It is shown that the longitudinal, magnetic flux density,B ⁽³⁾ , of vacuum electromagnetic radiation can be accommodated rigorously within Noether's theorem, which relates fundamental spacetime symmetries to fundamental conservation laws. This demonstration linksB ⁽³⁾ to the canonical energy-momentum tensorT _µv that appears in Einstein's field equations of general relativity. Thus,B ⁽³⁾ provides a link between electromagnetism and gravitation which might eventually lead to an unified understanding of field theory.     

Magnetic contributions to the low-temperature specific heat of the ferromagnetic insulator Pr 0.8 Ca 0.2 MnO 3

The Pr _1-x Ca_xMnO₃ system exhibits a ferromagnetic insulating state for the composition range x ? 0.25. A metallic ferromagnetic state is never realized because of the low hole concentration and the very small averaged A-site cation radius. In the present study, the nature of the magnetic excitations at low temperature has been investigated by specific heat measurements on a Pr _0.8 Ca_0.2MnO₃ single crystal. The decrease of the specific heat under magnetic field is qualitatively consistent with a suppression of ferromagnetic spin waves in a magnetic field. However, at low temperature, the qualitative agreement with the ferromagnetic spin waves picture is poor. It appears that the large reduction of the specific heat due to the spin waves is compensated by a Schottky-like contribution possibly arising from a Zeeman splitting of the ground state multiplet of the Pr³⁺ ions. Received 21 May 2001 and Received in final form 14 December 2001     

Isotope effect for transport and magnetic properties of La 0.35 Pr 0.35 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 thin films

The effect of ¹⁶ O → ¹⁸ O isotope substitution on electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance, and ac magnetic susceptibility was studied for La_0.35Pr_0.35Ca_0.3MnO₃ epitaxial thin films deposited onto LaAlO₃ and SrTiO₃ substrates. For the films on LaAlO₃, the isotope substitution resulted in the reversible transition from a metal-like to insulating state. The applied magnetic field ( H ≥ 2 T) transformed the sample with ¹⁸O back to the metallic state. The films on SrTiO₃ remained metallic at low temperatures for both ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O, but the shift of the resistivity peak corresponding to onset of metallic state exceeded 63 K after ¹⁶ O → ¹⁸ O substitution. The temperature dependence of both resistivity and magnetic susceptibility was characterized by hysteresis, especially pronounced in the case of the films on LaAlO₃. Such a behavior gives certain indications of the phase separation characteristic of interplay between ferromagnetism and charge ordering. Received 11 February 2000 and Received in final form 13 September 2000     

Effect of pressure on cubic (C-type) Eu2O3 studied via Eu3+ luminescence

Abstract

Luminescence spectra from Eu³⁺ ion in C-type Eu₂O₃ under high pressures have been obtained. The spectral shifts can be used to study the effect of pressure on the spin-orbit and the Coulomb interactions of the 4f electrons, which are correlated with expansion of the 4f-electron wave functions. This expansion with the application of pressure results in both the variation of the electronegativity and radius of the Eu³⁺ ion and, ultimately, the phase transformation from C-to B-type Eu₂O₃. Therefore, core 4f-electrons can thus be thought of as quasivalence electrons.     

A luminescence study of B-type Eu2O3 under pressure

Abstract

Luminescence spectra from Eu³ + ion in B-type (monoclinic) ₂O₃ powder have been recorded at room temperature as a function of pressure using a diamond anvil cell. Changes in the spectral pattern of the Eu³ + ion emission at about 4 GPa indicated that a phase transition to the A-type (hexagonal) structure had taken place. Upon release of the applied pressure, the B-type structure was regained with hysteresis. The spectral shifts with pressure have been used to study the effect of pressure on the spin-orbit interaction of the 4f electrons in the Ed + ion. The relationship between the relative changes in the spin-orbit coupling constant, ζ_4f, and the volume accompanying the phase transition is also discussed.     

Investigation of Nd2CuO4 crystal structure at high pressure by neutron diffraction

Abstract

The crystal structure of Nd₂CuO₄ has been studied by neutron diffraction at pressure up to 5 Gpa. The volume compressibility value was determined as 5·6·10^?3/Gpa. The decrease of positional parameter of neodymium at high pressure has been observed. This structural change is explained by pressure induced neodymium ions charge increase.     

Nonlinear properties of Pb5Ge3O11:Gd3+ in an electric field: Paramagnetic resonance

This paper discusses the field and temperature dependences of the shift in position of EPR signals in an external electric field, which is linearly related to the polarization in the paraelectric phase of Pb₅Ge₃O₁₁:Gd³⁺. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 39, 1643–1644 (September 1997)     

Effect of pressure on fluorescence of Nd3+ in LaCl3

Abstract

Fluorescence from Nd³⁺ in LaCl₃ is measured at 100 K under pressures up to about 10 GPa. The observed variations of the energy levels are used for the evaluation of crystal field parameters. The pressure-dependence of these parameters is compared with the previous results on Pr³⁺ in LaCl₃.     

Embedded cluster modeling of excited chromium impurities in halide elpasolites

Abstract

Embedded cluster calculations performed on both ground (⁴A_2g) and excited (⁴T_2g) states of substitutional Cr³⁺ in halide elpasolites account successfully for the pressure dependence of photoluminescence spectra.     

Magnetization and neutron scattering studies of the pressure effect on the magnetic transition in Er Y Co

Neutron powder diffraction was employed to study the pressure effect on the magnetic transition in the pseudobinary Laves-phase compound Er_0.57Y_0.43Co₂ and to determine the magnetic moments of the Er- and Co-subsystems. Our studies reveal that the onset of long-range magnetic order for both the localized 4 f (Er) and itinerant 3 d (Co) electron moments appears at about the same temperature at ambient pressure. The pressure effect on T_c is found to be negative and equal for both sublattices, namely T _c / p ∼ - 0.4 K/kbar. The values of the magnetic moments of the Er and the Co ions are found = 5.40±0.15μ _B /atom, = 0.50±0.07μ _B /atom and 5.35±0.15μ _B /atom, 0.37±0.09μ _B /atom, for p = 0 and 6 kbar, respectively. Our experimental results give evidence for short-range magnetic order formation at temperatures already above T_c and for a coexistence short- and long-range order below T_c down to 4 K. Received 20 December 2001 / Received in final form 12 June 2002 Published online 31 October 2002 RID="a" ID="a"e-mail: andrew.podlesnyak@psi.ch     

Quenching of SO2 phosphorescence by a magnetic field

Phosphorescence excitation spectra of the ã³B₁← [Xtilde]¹A₁ transition of SO₂ were measured in the absence and presence of a magnetic field (B = 0?44 T², P(SO₂) = 0?7 Torr). The absorption and phosphorescence excitation spectra of the ã³B₁← [Xtilde]¹A₁ transition of SO₂ measured in the absence of a magnetic field show that the relative intensity of the bands of the phosphorescence excitation spectrum is smaller than the relative intensity of the corresponding bands of the absorption spectrum beginning with the (0, 2, 0) band. In the presence of a magnetic field, the intensity of the phosphorescence excitation band falls, for ν_exc> 26400 cm^-1. Under the direct excitation of the ã³B₁← [Xtilde]¹A₁ transition, the dependence of the magnetic quenching of the SO₂ phosphorescence on the excitation frequency (ν_exc) was studied at P(SO₂) = 0?7 Torr and B = 0?44 T. The dependence of the magnetic field effect on ν_excshows that only the vibrationally excited levels of the ã³B₁ state are sensitive to an external magnetic field. The magnetic field strength and the pressure dependence of the magnetic field effects were studied under indirect excitation of the ã³B₁← [Xtilde]¹A₁ transition at λ_exc = 308 nm. The magnetic field and the pressure dependence were investigated for pure SO₂ and for SO₂ + RH (RH n-C₅H₁₂) mixtures. It was found that the magnetic field effect was saturated at B ? 0?25 T. The saturation value (Gr = l(0?3 T)/l(0)) increases with increasing gas pressure. The magnetic field, the pressure and the excess vibrational energy (ν_excess) dependence of the magnetic quenching of SO2 phosphorescence show that the data observed can be explained by an indirect mechanism within the framework of a low level density approximation.     

低温高压下的Na5Eu(WO4)4的发光和晶体场参数

用低温金刚石对顶砧高压显微光谱系统在20—300K低温和0—10GPa高压范围内研究了白钨矿型化学计量的基质发光晶体四钨酸铕钠Na₅Eu(WO₄)₄中Eu³⁺的发光.确定了Eu³⁺荧光谱线和能级在低温下的压力移动率.它随温度变化,表明温度和压力对Eu³⁺谱线作用不是独立无关的.按晶体场理论简化方法推导了能级的晶体场参数表达式,并按实验数据拟合出在不同低温下晶体场参数随压力的移