InGaAs/GaAs量子链的光学特性研究

研究了InGaAs/GaAs量子链的稳态和瞬态光谱特性,特别是载流子的动力学过程.实验发现荧光寿命有很强的探测能量依赖关系,荧光寿命随发光能量的增加而减小;实验还发现,当激发功率较小时,荧光寿命随激发功率增大而增大,当激发功率足够大时,荧光寿命趋于饱和.这些结果清楚地表明,在量子链结构中,参与发光的载流子之间存在明显的耦合和输运现象,进一步分析表明,这种输运主要是由于载流子沿量子链方向的耦合造成的.发光的偏振特性研究进一步证实了载流子沿量子链方向输运过程. 关键词： InGaAs/GaAs 量子点 量子链     

InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱激光器线宽展宽因子的理论研究

详细地介绍了计算线宽展宽因子(α因子)的理论基础及推导过程, 建立了α因子的简便模型. 该模型分别考虑了带间跃迁、带隙收缩和自由载流子效应对α因子的影响, 利用不同载流子浓度下的增益曲线得到光子能量随载流子浓度的变化速率以及微分增益, 进而对α因子进行近似计算. 模拟计算了InGaAs/GaAs量子阱激光器的增益曲线及α 因子的大小, 计算结果与文献报道的实验值相符. 进一步讨论了InGaAs/GaAs量子阱阱宽及In组分对α 因子的影响. 结果表明, α 因子随In组分和阱宽的增加而增加.     

Photoluminescence studies of confined states in AlGaAs/GaAs asymmetric quantum well

In the recombination spectra of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, a peculiar and asymmetric photoluminescence (PL) band F has previously been reported [Aloulou et al., Mater. Sci. Eng. B 96 (2002) 14] to be due to recombinations of confined electrons from the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed at AlGaAs/GaAs interface in asymmetric quantum well (AQW). Detailed experiments are reported here on GaAs/Al_0.31Ga_0.69As/GaAs:δSi/Al_0.31Ga_0.69As/GaAs samples with different spacer layer thicknesses. We show that the band F is the superposition of two PL bands F′ and F″ associated, respectively, to AQW and a symmetric quantum well (SQW). In the low excitation regime, the F′ band present a blue shift (4.4 meV) followed by important red shift (16.5 meV) when increasing optical excitation intensity. The blue shift in energy is interpreted in terms of optical control of the 2DEG density in the AQW while the red shift is due to the narrowing of the band gaps caused by the local heating of the sample and band bending modification for relatively high-optical excitation intensity. Calculation performed using self-consistent resolution of the coupled Schrödinger–Poisson equations are included to support the interpretation of the experimental data.     

Effect of deposition period on structural and optical properties of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots formed by InAs/GaAs short-period superlattices

Structural and optical properties of In_0.5Ga_0.5As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown at 510 °C by atomic layer molecular beam epitaxy technique are studied as a function of n repeated deposition of 1-ML-thick InAs and 1-ML-thick GaAs. Cross-sectional images reveal that the QDs are formed by single large QDs rather than closely stacked InAs QDs and their shape is trapezoidal. In the image, existence of wetting layers is not clear. In 300 K-photoluminescence (PL) spectra of InGaAs QDs (n=5), 4 peaks are resolved. Origin of each peak transition is discussed. Finally, it was found that the PL linewidths of atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) QDs were weakly sensitive to cryostat temperatures (16–300 K). This is attributed to the nature of ALE QDs; higher uniformity and weaker wetting effect compared to SK QDs.     

Impurity cyclotron resonance in InGaAs/GaAs superlattice and InGaAs/AlAs superlattice grown on GaAs substrates

Various temperature measurements of cyclotron resonance (CR) under pulsed ultra-high magnetic field up to 160 T were carried out in InGaAs/GaAs superlattice (SL) and InGaAs/AlAs SL samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. Clear free-electron CR and impurity CR signals were observed in transmission of CO₂ laser with wavelength of 10.6 μm. A binding energy of impurities in these SLs was roughly estimated based on the experiment as result, and we found it was smaller than the previous experimental result of GaAs/AlAs SLs and theoretical calculation with a simple model.     

Spontaneous one-dimensional lateral alignment of multistacked InGaAs quantum dots on GaAs (n 1 1)B substrates

In_0.45Ga_0.55As/GaAs multistacking quantum dot (QD) structures were fabricated on a GaAs (n 1 1)B (n=2–4) substrate by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. QDs spontaneously aligned in the [0 1 1] direction were observed on stacked QDs, whereas QDs were randomly distributed in the initial In_0.45Ga_0.55As layer growth. The formation mechanism of this self-alignment was studied by changing the number of In_0.45Ga_0.55As/GaAs multilayers and crystallographic arrangement. Photoluminescence spectra showing clear polarization dependence indicate carrier coupling in the QD arrays. This growth technique results in spontaneously aligned InGaAs QDs without any preprocessing technique prior to growth.     

Pressure dependence of the band-gap energy and the conduction-band mass for an n-type InGaAs/GaAs strained single-quantum well

We report the measurement of the pressure dependence for the band-gap energy and conduction-band mass for an 80 Å-wide n-type strained-single-quantum well at 4.2 K for pressures between 0 and 35 kbar and fields up to 30 T. The band-gap energy , at each pressure, was determined by extrapolating the magnetoluminescence “fan-diagram” to zero magnetic field. The pressure dependence of the band-gap energy was found to be quadratic with a linear term of about 10.3 meV/kbar and a small, , quadratic contribution. Analyses of the pressure-dependent 4.2 K magnetoluminescence data yield a conduction-band mass logarithmic pressure derivative

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Dependence on temperature of homogeneous broadening of InGaAs/InAs/GaAs quantum dot fundamental transitions

We report systematic temperature-dependent measurements of photoluminescence spectra in self-assembled InGaAs/InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs). We have studied the rise in temperature of the ground-state homogeneous linewidth.A theoretical model is presented and accounts for the phonon-assisted broadening of this transition in individual QD. We have estimated the homogeneous linewidth of an individual QD from PL spectra of self-organized InAs/GaAs QDs by isolating the PL of each individual QD and fitting the narrow line associated with self-organized QDs through a Lorentzian convoluted by a Gaussian. We have observed a strong exciton–LO–phonon coupling (γ_LO) which becomes the dominating contribution to the linewidth above the temperature of 45 K. We have also derived the activation energy (ΔE) of the exciton–LO–phonon coupling, zero temperature linewidth (Γ₀) and the exciton-LA-phonon coupling parameter (γ_Ac). We report that our values are close to the values found in the literature for single InGaAs QD and InAs QD.     

金辅助催化方法制备GaAs和GaAs/InGaAs纳米线结构的形貌表征及生长机理研究

利用金（Au）辅助催化的方法,通过金属有机化学气相沉积技术制备了GaAs纳米线及GaAs/InGaAs纳米线异质结构.通过对扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果分析,发现温度会改变纳米线的生长机理,进而影响形貌特征.在GaAs纳米线的基础上制备了高质量的纳米线轴、径向异质结构,并对生长机理进行分析.SEM测试显示,GaAs/InGaAs异质结构呈现明显的“柱状”形貌与衬底垂直,InGaAs与GaAs段之间的界面清晰可见.通过X射线能谱对异质结样品进行了线分析,结果表明在GaAs/InGaAs轴向纳米线异质结构样品中,未发现明显的径向生长.从生长机理出发分析了在GaAs/InGaAs径向纳米线结构制备过程中伴随有少许轴向生长的现象.     

Photo-pumped lasing from low density self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots within a high-Q vertical cavity

A high-Q cavity containing three layers of self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots has been prepared. Emission occurs in the wavelength range 1275–1285 nm over the wafer surface. We have observed lasing thresholds in the power-in-versus-power-out characteristics, with associated changes in the angular emission profile, when the structure is optically pumped CW at 300 K. At high pump powers spectrally resolved lateral modes are seen in the emission spectra of a planar cavity and this is discussed in terms of the index change induced by the pump laser.     

Effect of strain on multisubband electron transport in GaAs/InxGa1-xAs coupled quantum well structures

We analyze the strain induced changes in the low temperature multisubband electron mobility mediated through the intersubband interactions in a pseudomorphic GaAs/In_xGa_1−xAs coupled double quantum well structure. We consider the non-phonon scattering mechanisms and study the effect of strain on them. We show that strain reduces the mobility due to ionized impurity (imp-) scattering μ^imp but enhances the mobility due to interface roughness (IR-) scattering μ^IR. For alloy disorder (AL-) scattering as long as the lowest subband is occupied, the effect of strain enhances the mobility μ^AL. However, once the second subband is occupied, there is almost no change, rather decrease in μ^AL for larger well widths. It is gratifying to note that for single subband occupancy, the effect of strain enhances the total mobility μ. On the other hand, for double subband occupancy, initially there is almost no change, but with increase in well width the total mobility reduces. We vary the In composition x from 0.15 to 0.2 and 0.25 and the barrier width between the two wells to analyze their effects on the mobility which shows interesting results. Our study of multisubband mobility can be utilized for the low temperature device applications.     

InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱的光谱研究

分别用光致发光谱（PL），光伏谱（PV）及时间分辨谱（TRPL）的方法，测量了应变InGaAs/GaAs单量子阱和多量子阱在不同温度下的光谱，发现单量子阱与多量子阱有不同的光学4性质。多量子阱PL谱发光峰和PV谱激子峰的强度与半高宽都比单量子阱的大，但单量子阱的半高宽随着温度的升高增大很快，这是由激子－声子耦合引起的，通过时间分辨谱研究发现了量子阱子能级之间的跃迁，多量子阱的发光寿命明显比单量子阱的长，我们利用形变势模型对量子阱的能带进行了计算，很好地解释了实验结果。     

InGaAs/GaAs量子点阵列中的能级计算

根据八带k·p理论，在三维InGaAs/GaAs量子点阵列中求解k_x=k_y=k_z=0处的有效质量哈密顿H₀的本征值，得到InGaAs量子点中导带中电子基态E_C1，第一激发态E_C2和重空穴态E_{HH1关键词： InGaAs 量子点 带内跃迁 k·p理论')" href="#">八带k·p理论}     

Quantum dots in quantum well structures

Recent progress toward fabricating and characterizing quantum dots in III–V quantum well structures is reviewed. Quantum dots made by use of lithography and etching, including deep-etched, barrier-modulated, strain-induced and interdiffused quantum dots, are described. Quantum dots fabricated by growth, including natural quantum dots, dots on patterned substrates, and self-assembled dots, are discussed. Dot sizes and uniformity, energy-level splittings, and luminescence efficiencies that are now being achieved are discussed. The status of key issues, such as the energy relaxation in quantum dots, is mentioned.     

Structural and optical properties of In0.5Ga0.5As/GaAs quantum dots in an In0.1Ga0.9As well using repeated depositions of InAs/GaAs short-period superlattices for the application of optical communication

We report structural and optical properties of In_0.5Ga_0.5As/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) in a 100 Å-thick In_0.1Ga_0.9As well grown by repeated depositions of InAs/GaAs short-period superlattices with atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The QDs in an InGaAs well grown at 510 °C were studied as a function of n repeated deposition of 1 monolayer thick InAs and 1 monolayer thick GaAs for n=5–10. The heights, widths and densities of dots are in the range of 6–22.0 nm, 40–85 nm, and 1.6–1.1×10¹⁰/cm², respectively, as n changes from 5 to 10 with strong alignment along [1 −1 0] direction. Flat and pan-cake-like shape of the QDs in a well is found in TEM images. The bottoms of the QDs are located lower than the center of the InGaAs well. This reveals that there was intermixing—interdiffusion—of group III materials between the InGaAs QD and the InGaAs well during growth. All reported dots show strong 300 K-PL spectrum, and 1.276 μm (FWHM: 32.3 meV) of 300 K-PL peak was obtained in case of 7 periods of the QDs in a well, which is useful for the application to optical communications.     

Resonant magnetopolaron effects in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures

A detailed experimental study of electron cyclotron resonance (CR) has been carried out at 4.2 K in three modulation-doped GaAs/Al_0.3Ga_0.7As multiple quantum well samples in fields up to 30 T. A strong avoided-level-crossing splitting of the CR energies due to resonant magnetopolaron effects is observed for all samples near the GaAs reststrahlen region. Resonant splittings in the region of AlAs-like interface phonon modes of the barriers are observed in two samples with narrower well width and smaller doping concentration. The interaction between electrons and the AlAs interface optical phonon modes has been calculated for our specific sample structures in the framework of the memory-function formalism. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results, which confirms our assignment of the observed splitting near the AlAs-like phonon region is due to the resonant magnetopolaron interaction of electrons in the wells with AlAs-like interface phonons.     

Current instabilities in GaAs/InAs self-aggregated quantum dot structures

Excess current was obtained in GaAs/InAs quantum dot structures at low temperatures and low current levels. This excess current exhibited instabilities with changing the bias, and over the time. It has been concluded that the excess current is a minority injection current connected with recombination through defects originated from the formation of QDs. The instabilities are connected with unstable occupation of energy levels induced by the above defects, which depend on temperature and on the current level.     

InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱结构在1054nm激光器中的应用

采用金属有机物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)方法生长了InGaAs/GaAs应变量子阱,通过优化生长条件和采用应变缓冲层结构获得量子阱,将该量子阱结构应用于1 054 nm激光器的制备。经测试该器件具有9 mA低阈值电流和0.4 W/A较高的单面斜率效率,在驱动电流为50 mA时测得该应变量子阱光谱半宽为1.6nm,发射波长为1 054 nm。实验表明:通过优化工艺条件和采用应变缓冲层等手段,改善了应变量子阱质量,该结果应用于1 054 nm激光器的制备,取得了较好的结果。     

Photoluminescence of n-i-n GaAs/AlAs single quantum well structures under electric field bias

GaAs/AlAs single quantum well structures designed with well thickness near the type-I/type-II crossover show distinctive photoluminescence peaks corresponding to both type-I and type-II recombinations. Photoluminescence measurements as a function of applied electric field and temperature ranging from 23 to 180 K and current–voltage measurements are presented for two MBE-grown structures clad with Si-doped Al_0.45Ga_0.55As layers onn ⁺  -GaAs [100] substrates. The large and field-dependent energy separation between type-I and type-II luminescence peaks is understood to arise from the build-up of electrons at the X point in the AlAs barrier.     

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the hole effective mass in a strained InGaAs/GaAs quantum well

A systematic analysis of the hydrostatic pressure effects on the effective masses of holes in strained single In_xGa_1−xAs/GaAs quantum-well (Qw) is performed. The strain effect on the shift of the subband energies and the effective masses is also investigated. A 14-band k.p Hamiltonian matrix is used in the calculations and solved by iteration with the Bir–Pikus Hamiltonian. Numerical results have been presented over a pressure range from 0 to 16 kbar. Our results show that especially for the calculation of the light-hole mass, it is necessary to use the 14-band and not the 8-band k.p model. This is supported by the fact that the 8-band k.p model predicts an increasing mass with pressure which does not reproduce the experimental results. Finally our calculations clearly confirm the available experimental results given in the literature.