The Spectrofluorometric Monitoring of Water Purification by Natural Alternatives

Aim: Determination of efficiency of zeolite and hydrolytic enzymes isolated from earthworms in water purification.

Methods: The autofluorescence of water was investigated by fluorescence excitation–emission matrix. The purification of water was carried out with natural zeolite and hydrolytic enzymes isolated from earthworms. These methods were applied to samples that contain ciliates that were detected with atomic force spectroscopy.

Results: The zeolite removed ammonia and partly eliminated some organic compounds. The hydrolytic enzymes were efficient in biodegrading organic compounds present in water.

Conclusion: Zeolite and enzymes are applicable in water purification.     

Solvothermal synthesis of nitrides

Abstract

III-V nitrides are large band-gap semiconductors. They are very promising materials for opto-electronic and microelectronic applications.

The present paper deals with a new process for preparing nitrides. Two nitrides, gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminium nitride (AlN), have been synthesiaed through a solvothermal route. This process uses ammonia in supercritical conditions as solvent and metals as source of gallium and aluminium. Moreover, an additive is used to improve the nitridation of the metals.

The resulting microcrystallites of nitrides have been charactensed by X-ray diffraction and the morphology has been observed by scanning Electron Microscopy.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel SIPI-7623 derivatives as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonists

Most of reported steroidal FXR antagonists are restricted due to low potency. We described the design and synthesis of novel nonsteroidal scaffold SIPI-7623 derivatives as FXR antagonists. The most potent compound A-11 (IC₅₀?=?7.8?±?1.1 μM) showed better activity compared to SIPI-7623 (IC₅₀?=?40.8?±?1.7 μM) and guggulsterone (IC₅₀?=?45.9?±?1.1 μM). Docking of A-11 in FXR’s ligand-binding domain was also studied.

     

The Rydberg constant

Pioneers of Science. By Robert L. Weber. (Institute of Physics, 1980.) [Pp. xviii + 272.] £9.95.

The Excitation and Propagation of Elastic Waves. By J. A. Hudson. (Cambridge University Press, 1980.) [Pp. viii + 226.] Scope: Treatise; Survey. Level: Specialist/postgraduate.

Non-linear Oscillations. By A. H. Nayfeth and D. J. Mook. (John Wiley, 1979.) [Pp. xiv + 704.] £21.35. Scope: Survey. Level: Postgraduate/research.

Advances in X-ray Analysis, Volume 23. Edited by J. R. Rhodes and others. (Plenum Press, 1980.) [Pp. xii + 390.] $45.00.

Defects and Diffusion in Solids: an Introduction. By S. Mrowéc. (Elsevier/Polish Scientific Publishers, 1980.) [Pp. 466.] $83.00, Dfl. 170.00.

Fundamentals of Crystal Growth. By F. Rosenberger. (Springer-Verlag, 1979.) [Pp. x +530.] DM79; $43.50.

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry—SIMS II. Edited by A. Benninghoven and others. (Springer-Verlag, 1979.) [Pp. 298.] $34.30.

The Papers of Joseph Henry, Volume 3. The Princeton Years 1836 and 1837. Edited by Nathan Reingold. (Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1979.)

Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter. Edited by H. J. Maris. (Plenum Press, 1980.) [Pp. xix + 481.] $52.50. Scope: State-of-the-art review. Level: Postgraduate research.

Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants. Edited by J. A. Nolen Jr. and W. Benenson. (Plenum Press, 1980.) [Pp. xiii + 572.] $59.50.

The Strangest Star. By John Gribbin. (The Athlone Press, 1980.) [Pp. 183.] £6.95. Scope: General astrophysics and some geophysics. Level: Non-specialist.

Microcircuit Engineering. By H. Ahmed and W. C. Nixon. (Cambridge University Press, 1980.) [Pp. x + 585.] £20.00. Scope: Conference report. Level: For specialists.

The Rare Earths in Modern Science and Technology. Volume 2. Edited by G. J. McCarthy, J. J. Rhyne and H. B. Silber. (Plenum Press, 1980.) [Pp. xxiii + 647.] $59.50. Scope: Specialist. Level: Advanced.

Current Topics in Materials Science, Volume 3. Edited by E. Kaldis. (North-Holland, 1979.) [Pp. 688.] Dfl.230. Scope: Recent developments. Level. Postgraduate, specialist.

Physics of Semiconductor Devices. By G. H. B. Thompson. (John Wiley, 1980.) [Pp. xxv + 549.] B2.75.

Vibrational Spectroscopy of Molecular Liquids and Solids. Edited by S. Bratos and R. M. Pick. (Plenum Press, 1980.) [Pp. ix+464.] $49.50. Scope: Highly specialized theoretical treatment of topics in the title. Level: Advanced research.

The Physics of Nuclear Reactions. By W. M. Gibson. Second edition. (Pergamon Press, 1980.) [Pp. vii+338.] $15.00. Scope: Low energy reactions including reactors and thermonuclear processes. Level: Undergraduate.

Is the End in Sight for Theoretical Physics? An Inaugural Lecture. By Stephen Hawking. (Cambridge University Press, 1980.) [Pp. 26.] £1.25.

From Atoms to Quarks. By J. S. Trefil. (Athlone Press, 1980.) [Pp. xi+225.] £7.50.

Phonon Dispersion Relations in Insulators. By H. Bilz and W. Kress. (Springer-Verlag, 1979.) [Pp. vii + 241.] DM 84; $46.20. ISBN 3 540 09377–0.

European Journal of Physics. Edited by G. W. Series. A Journal of the European Physical Society, published quarterly by the Institute of Physics. Volume 1, No. 1, August 1980.

Energy and Environmental Balance. By EARL FINBAR MURPHY. (Pergamon Press, 1980.) [Pp. vii+280.] $2500.

Marine Sources of Energy. By JACQUES CONSTANS. (Pergamon Press, 1980.) [Pp. xxv +168.] $1500.

Landolt-B$oUrnstein. Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology. Group II. Volume 9: Magnetic Properties of Free Radicals, Part d2. Organic Cation Radicals and Polyradicals. By R. A. Forrester, K. Ishizu, G. Kothe and S. F. Nelson. (Springer-Verlag, 1980.) [Pp. xii + 369.] DM 470, $277.30.

Physics Unified. By Harold Aspden. (Sabberton Publications, 1980.) [Pp. xiv + 206.] £3.00 paperback.

Hands-on Applied Physics. By A. McAlexander. (Addison-Wesley, 1979.) [Pp.ix + 398.] £11.40. Scope: Classbook. Level: Elementary.

Physics in Perspective. By E. Hecht. (Addison Wesley, 1980.) [Pp. xi + 532.] £11.65.     

The Study on the Arc Plasma Temperature Measurement by Optical Emission Spectroscopy with Fiber Optical Transmission

Abstract

A method for transmitting radiation of the arc plasma with multimode fused quartz fiber onto the spectrograph has been studied. The plot of the Boltzmann function in emission spectral analysis is used for measuring temperature of the arc plasma. The measured temperature of the arc plasma is 5946.6K from least square linear regression of ln[λI/(gA)] and E_i for a number of the emission line intensities of the excited copper atom. Its regression coefficient and measured precision are ?0.97% and 1.7%, respectively. The advantages of the method of the diagnostic temperature for the arc plasma are absolute measurements of the temperature, remote sensing, precision and suitable for mal-environment, such as high temperature, toxic, explosion, strong magnetic or/and electrical fields.

In addition, we have discussed the effect of the spectroscopic constants, such as transition probability, A , the statistical weight of the upper level, g , and the energy of the upper level, E_i , of copper lines on calculating temperature with a plot of the Boltzmann function in detail. The results show that the accurate measurement of the temperature for the arc plasma is obtained only when the spectroscopic constants are selected correctly.     

c-BN as a promising material for industrial applications

Abstract

Diamond and c-BN commonly called “super-hard materials” are characterized by exceptional properties.

Such materials are promising for new developments, in particular c-BN due to its ability to be n or p-doped. In such a way we have focused our effort in two aspects:

-new routes for the h-BN → c-BN conversion,

-original fluxes able to favour the elaboration of crystallites free of defects.     

Schemes for Bidirectional Quantum Teleportation Via a Hyper-Entangled State

We propose the symmetry bidirectional quantum teleportation scheme by using a bi-photon Bell-class hyper-entangled state as quantum channel. Two distant parties, Alice and Bob can simultaneously teleport the desired one-qubit states each other via Bell-state measurement and appropriate unitary transformation. We also propose the asymmetry bidirectional quantum teleportation scheme by using a bi-photon Bell-class hyper-entangled state as quantum channel. Controlled not gate operation, Bell-state measurement and appropriate unitary transformation are included.

     

Preparation and electrical properties of InSe

Abstract

Single crystals of Indium Selenide are prepared by vapour growth technique as it is difficult to prepare large single crystals by vertical Bridgman technique. The effect of stochiometric changes and doping have been studied. The electrical properties of n-type single crystals are discussed.     

Deoxyribonucleic acid and chromatin imaging of endometriosis and endometrial carcinoma using atomic force microscopy

Abstract

Introduction: Clinical differential diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma is challenging, as signs and symptoms may vary considerably and there is a lack of reliable diagnostic serum biomarkers.

Aim of the study: The aim of our work was to characterize the deoxyribonucleic acid and chromatin changes in the tissue of patients confirmed to be suffering from endometriosis and endometrial adenocarcinoma and compare it with a healthy control group.

Material and methods: All samples were collected during recommended surgical interventions, and after the DNA isolation, a sonification followed by crosslink of chromatin were done. Consequently, both DNA and chromatin were examined using atomic force microscopy.

Results: A chromatin immunoprecipitation was used for the in vivo observation of conformational chromatin changes. The width of ssDNA showed a significant difference, almost double the control value in the endometrial cancer sample versus control (by 73?±?5% wider, p?<?0.001). In contrast, the height of ssDNA was highest in the frozen pelvis patient sample (by 510?±?12% compared to control, p?<?0.01).

Conclusion: Our results suggest that the horizontal size of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and nucleosomes can help to identify potential patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, while the height of the same parameter is associated with endometriosis.     

Generalized Self-Duality for the Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory with a Scalar Multiplet

Abstract

Generalized Self-Duality Equations for the Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory with a Scalar Multiplet are Presented in Terms of Component Fields and Superfields as Well.     

On bi-hamiltonian structure of some integrable systems on so* (4)

Abstract

We classify quadratic Poisson structures on so*(4) and e*(3), which have the same foliations by symplectic leaves as canonical Lie-Poisson tensors. The separated variables for some of the corresponding bi-integrable systems are constructed.     

Symmetries of Vector Exterior Differential Systems and the Inverse Problem in Second-Order Ostrograds’kii Mechanics

Abstract

Symmetries for variational problems are considered as symmetries of vector-valued exterior differential systems. This approach is applied to equations for the classical spinning particle.     

Conditional Symmetry and Exact Solutions of a Nonlinear Galilei-Invariant Spinor Equation

Abstract

Symmetries for variational problems are considered as symmetries of vector-valued exterior differential systems. This approach is applied to equations for the classical spinning particle.     

Scattering losses from planar waveguides with material inhomogeneity

Abstract

We consider the propagation of guided waves in a planar waveguide that has a finite-length segment of inhomogeneous media. Except for the inhomogeneous segment, which varies in length from 0 to 160λ, the waveguide is piecewise homogeneous everywhere. The inhomogeneity is modelled by two-dimensional random permittivity fluctuations that are numerically generated from an assumed Gaussian correlation function.

In 2D, the Maxwell equations are solved in the frequency domain for both TE and TM polarization by using modal expansion methods, perfectly matched absorbing boundary layers and the R -matrix transfer matrix algorithm. The guided waves are excited by a Gaussian beam incident on the waveguide aperture. For various waveguide design parameters, numerical results are given for waveguide power loss per unit length of waveguide inhomogeneity. The power loss curves are calculated as the average from numerous realizations of the random permittivity and the coefficient of variation is also given.     

High pressure treatment of pharmaceutical drug delivery and related systems

Abstract

Solids like layer silicates (kaolinite and montmorillonite) as well as ZnO are in use in pharmacy. They are pressure treated and subsequently analyzed by means of ESR spectroscopy. The structural changes indicated by Fe³⁺ ions and paramagnetic defects are reponsible for the enhanced chemical activity of the pressurized systems.

Especially active Fe-O-species are formed which can react with intercacalated organic molecules. The most probable first step of such reactions will be a solid state single electron transfer. Spin probes and spin traps were used to prove this statements. The activation of the drug delivery systems by mechanical treatments is of importance for the stability of the drugs incorporated.     

A new route for the synthesis of nitrides: The solvothermal preparation of GaN

Abstract

A new solvothermal route for the synthesis of nitrides is proposed using liquid NH3 as solvent in supercritical conditions, Such a preparation method was applied to the synthesis of GaN using gallium metal as starting material.

GaN is a wide band-gap semi-conductor (3.4eV). It is a very attractive nitride due to its various applications in micro- and opto-electronics [1,2]. Consequently, many research groups are interested in synthesising GaN. Two methods have been principally developed:

(i) synthesis of thin films by epitaxy [3,4]

(ii) synthesis of bulk GaN by high pressure method [5,6].

The new proposed process leads to fine microcrystallites of GaN with the wurtzite-type structure. The chemical purity can be optimised versus the synthesis mechanism. The size and shape of the crystallites would be influenced by the nature of the nitriding additive and the thermodynamical conditions (pressure and temperature) used for the synthesis.     

Measurements of hall-effect and sheet resistivity as a function of temperature on hot,phosphorous implants in silicon

Abstract

Results of Hall-effect measurements as a function of temperature on a layer formed by hot, phosphorous (P³¹) implant in Si at 400 keV energy in a random direction are presented; the dose used was 10¹⁵ ions cm^?2. The electrical behaviour of the layer as a function of isochronal annealing was examined.

A detailed analysis of the measured quantities n _8eff, the effective surface density of free carriers, and μ_eff, the effective mobility, down to 4.2°K is presented using the integral equations:

$graphics$

These formulae were solved numerically, the input data viz: the distribution of donor centres and compensating damage centres being assumed from the current literature.

Results from this analysis indicate a rather complicated distribution of current flow in the layer as a function of temperature, indicating that the traditional interpretation of Hall measurements based on a homogeneous distribution model is of questionable validity.     

Effect of pressure on the reaction of 2-alkylfurans with diethyl mesoxalate

Abstract

The high-pressure reaction of 2-alkylfurans with diethyl mesoxalate is described. The competition between substitution at position 5 of the furan ring and at the alkyl group as well as the effect of pressure on the regiochemical outcome of this reaction are presented.     

Quantum Reflections,edited by J. Ellis and D. Amati

Relativistic Theories of Materials. By A. Bressan. (Springer-Verlag, 1978.) [Pp. xiv + 290.] DM 98; $49·00. Level: Research/postgraduate.

Quantum Physics. By R. D. Winter. (Wadsworth, Belmont, California, 1979.) [Pp. xi + 403.] Scope: Teaching text, Level: Undergraduate.

The Structure of Planets. By G. H. A. Cole. (London: Wykeham Publications, 1978.) [Pp. vii + 232.] Cloth. ISBN 0-85109-610-7 £7·25. Paper. ISBN 0-85109-600-X, £3·75. Scope: introduction planetary studies. Level: sixth form: undergraduate.

For Ilya Prigogine. Edited by S. A. Rice. (John Wiley, 1978.) [Pp. 472.] £25·75. Scope: Festschrift. Level: Research workers.

Defects and Radiation Effects in Semiconductors, 1978 (Nice Conference). By J. H. Albany. (The Institute of Physics, 1979.) [Pp. xii + 583.] £32·00. Level: Postgraduate/Research Scientist.

Physics of the Environment. By H. Inhaber. (Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc., 1978.) [Pp. xii + 225.] £10·50. Scope: Introductory survey. Level: Undergraduate.

Active Galactic Nuclei. Edited by C. Hazard and S. Mitton. (Cambridge University Press, 1979.) [Pp. viii + 317.] £15·00. Level: Research.

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics. By P. T. Landsberg. (Oxford University Press, 1979.) [Pp. xii + 461.] £9·75. Scope: Textbook/treatise. Level: Postgraduate.

The Structure of Matter. By R. M. Turnbull. (Blackie, 1979.) [Pp. xii + 266.] £7·95. Scope: Atomic, nuclear and particle physics. Level: Undergraduate.

Advances in Nuclear Physics Volume 2. Edited by J. W. Negele and E. Vogt. (Plenum Press, 1979.) [Pp. xiv + 420.] £37·50. Scope: Nuclear structure. Level: Postgraduate.

Atomic and Molecular Collisions. By Sir Harrie Massey. (Taylor &; Francis Ltd, 1979.) [Pp. xviii + 320.] £12·00. Level: Undergraduate.

Trends in Physics, 1978. Papers presented at the Fourth General Conference of the European Physical Society. Edited by M. M. Wolfson. (Adam Hilger, 1979.) [Pp. xi + 589.] £30·00.

Atomic Spectra and Radiative Transitions. By I.I. Sobelman. (Springer-Verlag, 1979.) [Pp. xii + 306.] DM 59; $32·50. Scope: Theoretical monograph. Level: Postgraduate.

Adhesion of Solids. By B. V. Deryagin, N. A. Krotova and V. P. Smilga. Translated by R. K. Johnston. (Consultants Bureau, 1978.) [Pp. xvi + 457.] £31·18.

Hadron Structure and Lepton-Hadron Interactions (Proceedings of the Carègè Summer School, 1977). Edited by M. Levy, J.-L. Basdevant, D. Speiser, J. Weyers, R. Gastmans and J. Zinnjustin. (Plenum Press, 1979.) [Pp. viii + 736.] £40·95.

Analytical Laser Spectroscopy. Edited by N. Omenetto. (Wiley-Interscience, 1979.) [Pp. xi + 550.] £24·50. Scope: Research monograph. Level: Research and applications.

Disorder in Crystals. By N. G. Parsonage and J. A. K. Staveley. (Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press. 1979.) [Pp. xxviii + 926.] £28·00. Scope: Monograph. Level: Postgraduate/research.

Progress in Optics. Volume XVI. Edited by E. Wolf. (North-Holland, 1978.) [Pp. xvi + 464.] $78·00; Dfl 160·00.

Holographic Interferometry. By C. M. Vest. (John Wiley, 1979.) [Pp. xiii + 465.] £19·50; $36·50.

Elements of Nuclear Physics. By W. E. Burcham. (Longmans, 1979.) [Pp. xii + 409.] £7·95.

Non-metallic Materials and Composites at Low Temperatures. Edited by A. F. Clark, R. P. Reed and G. Hartwig. (Plenum Press, 1979.) [Pp. xvi + 440.] £24·88.

Science with Pocket Calculators. By D. R. Green and J. Lewis. (Wykeham Publications, 1978.) [Pp. viii + 300.] £4·00 paperback

Mesons in Nuclei. Edited by Manque Rho and Denys Wilkinson. In 3 volumes. (north-Holland, 1979.) [Pp. 1155.] £95·00.

Surface Crystallography by LEED. By M. A. Van Hove and S. Y. Tong. (Springer-Verlag, 1979.) [Pp. ix + 286.] DM 59, $32·50.     

Vibrational Assignment of N-Phenylphthalimide and 15N-Phenylphthalimide

Abstract

The i.r. spectra of N-phenylphthalimide and ¹⁵N-phenylphthalimide have been measured in 4000–100 cm^?1 frequency range as KBr and polyethylene pellets and as chloroform solutions. The Raman spectra (4000–50) cm^?1 of microcrystalline powder of the of the same compounds have also been investigated.

A detailed assignment of most of the observed frequencies has been proposed on the basis of the group vibrational concept, isotopic shift data and analogies with the spectra of related molecules. Some literature data have been discussed and some frequencies are reassigned.