High-pressure,high-temperature thermophysical measurements on tungsten

Abstract

Wire shaped tungsten samples (0.25 mm diameter, 40 mm length, 99.97%) are resistively pulse heated as part of a coaxially built up capacitor discharge circuit. With heating rates of more than 10⁹ K/s, temperatures up to 12000 K are reached. The tungsten wire is contained with the surrounding medium water in a high pressure vessel with sapphire windows and a maximum pressure capability of 0.5 GPa. Time correlated measurements of the current through the wire and the voltage drop across it as well as surface radiation and wire expansion can be performed simultaneously and allow the determination of thermophysical properties for the liquid tungsten (see key words). All measuring systems have rise times less than 10 ns.     

Specific heat and related thermophysical properties of liquid Fe-Cu-Mo alloy

The specific heat and related thermophysical properties of liquid Fe77.5Cu13Mo9.5 monotectic alloy were investigated by an electromagnetic levitation drop calorimeter over a wide temperature range from 1482 to 1818 K. A maximum undercooling of 221 K (0.13 Tm) was achieved and the specific heat was determined as 44.71 J·mol-1·K-1. The excess specific heat, enthalpy change, entropy change and Gibbs free energy difference of this alloy were calculated on the basis of experimental results. It was found that the calculated results by traditional estimating methods can only describe the solidification process under low undercooling conditions. Only the experimental results can reflect the reality under high undercooling conditions. Meanwhile, the thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and sound speed were derived from the present experimental results. Furthermore, the solidified microstructural morphology was examined, which consists of (Fe) and (Cu) phases. The calculated interface energy was applied to exploring the correlation between competitive nucleation and solidification microstructure within monotectic alloy.     

High-pressure DTA-investigations on liquid crystals

Abstract

High pressure studies on the phase behaviour of liquid crystals up to a maximum pressure of 7 kbar were performed using a computer-assisted high-pressure differential thermal analysis apparatus that has been developed for the present experiments. T (p) - phase diagrams were determined for selected liquid crystals differing systematically in structure.

Data are presented for some phenylcyclohexanes, some bicyclo-hexanes and cyclohexylcarboxylic acid phenyl ester being substituted with different functional groups e.g. alkyl, alkoxy and/or cyano. Pressure-induced nematic and smectic phases were found, and for one substance even an “interdigitated” smectic B phase could be stabilized under pressure.     

An equation of state and non-linear parameter from sound velocity measurements for liquid alkali metals

In the present paper, an equation of state has been obtained in case of liquid alkali metals like Na, K, Rb and Cs from sound velocity measurements. The theory developed gives very good agreement for both the sound velocity and the volume as a function of pressure at different temperatures in these liquid alkali metals. Further, the variation of non-linear parameter,B / A, as a function of pressure and temperature is also studied.     

Effect of correlations on electron momentum density in liquid metals

A scheme to calculate the electron momentum density in simple liquid metals, with the effect ofboth electron correlations and ionic potentials included, is given. This scheme is applied to the case of liquid aluminium. The results are substantially different from calculations considering only the ion potentials, and also from the results for a homogeneous electron gas of corresponding density.     

用计算机数据采集系统测量液氮的汽化潜热

在液氮汽化潜热的测量实验中,通过计算机数据采集系统准确记录了液氮汽化过程中质量的变化,并由铜的定压比热随温度变化的曲线准确计算出了液氮的汽化潜热.     

用电加热方法测量液氮的汽化潜热

对测量液氮汽化潜热实验进行改进,引入计算机数据采集技术,记录液氮的汽化过程,通过浸入液氮中的通电电阻释放热量,来改善汽化程度,这样既可以长时间地观察液氮的汽化过程,又能较准确的测量汽氮汽化潜热.     

应用低压下饱和液体PVT数据推算临界参数

应用低压下饱和液体ＰＶＴ数据推算临界参数童景山，高光华，李军，何峻（清华大学化学工程系北京１０００８４）关键词：临界参数推算法，饱和液体ＰＶＴ数据，低压一、前言纯物质的临界参数（Ｐｃ，Ｖｃ；Ｔｉ）在关联和予测物质的一系列热物性数据中得到广泛应用。临界...     

对电流量热器法测定液体比热容实验的改进

考虑两个量热器的电阻不相等,推导出液体比热容的计算公式。不必交换电阻重测,按m2≈m1c1/c2称比较液体的质量,可以使两种液体的升温大致相等,散热条件基本相同。     

Influence of the intensity of chemical heat-release source on the heat exchange at a flow of pseudo-plastic liquid in the initial interval of coaxial duct

The critical regimes of heat exchange at a laminar steady flow of a pseudo-plastic liquid in the initial interval of a coaxial duct are investigated with regard for both dissipative and chemical sources in the Arrhenius representation [5] under the conditions of an insignificant variation of the concentrations of reacting substances. The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grant No. 05-08-50043), FANI (State Contract No. 02.434.11.5009), and the Presidium of RAS (Program P-09).     

Laser light scattering technique for non-invasive in situ simultaneous measurements on elastic constants and viscosity coefficients of nematic liquid crystals

Theelasticconstantsandtheviscositycoefficientsarethekeyparametersforthephysicalpropertiesofnematicliquidcrystals(LCs)[1,2],fortheyarecorrespondingtothethresholdvoltageandtherespondingtimeofliquidcrystaldisplaydevices[3,4].Sofarnotechniquethatcansimultaneouslymeasurethetwoparametersinsituhasbeenreported.TheelasticconstantsandviscositycoefficientsofnematicLCsatthepresentaremeasuredusingdifferentmethodsindependently.TheviscositycoefficientsisgenerallymeasuredwithOstwaldviscosimeter,andtheelasti…     

Low temperature specific heat of molecular rings: a study on the effects of the internal guest substitution and on the lattice contribution

The effects of the internal guest substitution within hexa-iron molecular rings (Na:Fe6 and Li:Fe6) have been investigated by means of low temperature specific heat (LTSH) measurements. By changing Na to Li as central metal ion, the Schottky anomaly shifts towards lower temperatures. The data analysis is supported by the study of the LTSH of the non-magnetic Na:Ga6 compound which has the same core structure as the iron rings. For the non-magnetic Na:Ga6, significant deviations from the simple Debye law were found and the use of conventional C vs. T fitting curves is critically discussed. The singlet-triplet energy gap ( K) and its zero-field splitting ( K) evaluated from the magnetic contribution of the Li:Fe6 LTSH are compared to values estimated by high field torque magnetometry. Received 25 November 1999     

Influence of the interatomic potential on thermotransport in binary liquid alloys: case study on NiAl

Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation in conjunction with the Green-Kubo formalism is employed to study the transport properties of a model Ni₅₀Al₅₀ melt with the embedded-atom method potential developed in [G.P. Purja Pun, Y. Mishin, Phil. Mag., 2009, 89, 3245]. The principal objective of the work is to quantitatively characterise and analyse thermotransport in the system, i.e. diffusion driven by a temperature gradient. In addition, direct phenomenological coefficients for mass and thermal transport are also evaluated and analysed in the process. Furthermore, the results obtained are compared with previously published data for a different model of Ni₅₀Al₅₀ melt with an alternative embedded-atom method potential for the alloy as well as with experiment where possible. It is found that both potentials are able to consistently predict both direct transport coefficients over a wide temperature range. However, these two potentials are found to be inconsistent in characterising the cross-coupled heat and mass transport, predicting even different directions (sign) of the heat of thermotransport. The origin of this difference is discussed in the paper in detail.     

Classical spin liquid properties of the infinite-component spin vector model on a fully frustrated two dimensional lattice

Thermodynamic quantities and correlation functions (CFs) of the classical antiferromagnet on the checkerboard lattice are studied for the exactly solvable infinite-component spin-vector model, D↦∞. In contrast to conventional two-dimensional magnets with continuous symmetry showing extended short-range order at distances smaller than the correlation length, r ξ _c∝ exp(T ^*/T), correlations in the checkerboard-lattice model decay already at the scale of the lattice spacing due to the strong degeneracy of the ground state characterized by a macroscopic number of strongly fluctuating local degrees of freedom. At low temperatures, spin CFs decay as < >∝ 1/r ² in the range a ₀≪r≪ξ _c∝T ^-1/2, where a₀ is the lattice spacing. Analytical results for the principal thermodynamic quantities in our model are very similar with MC simulations, exact and analytical results for the classical Heisenberg model (D = 3) on the pyrochlore lattice. This shows that the ground state of the infinite-component spin vector model on the checkerboard lattice is a classical spin liquid. Received 16 November 2001 and Received in final form 12 February 2002