激光器与轨道的相对位置对动态加热的影响

通过分析光束入射的角度因子将激光器在地平面上的安放位置进行分类,采用了几何分析和数值模拟的方法,探讨了聚焦激光束在加热运动圆柱体过程中,为了达到一定的加热功率水平和能量水平以取得最好的加热效果而应采取的措施,即应当以激光垂直入射的轨道点为中心,以激光的有效工作时间为取值范围,并参考大气对激光能量的衰减,相对于轨道选取适当的距离进行加热。该研究从理论上说明了激光器与圆柱体运动轨道的相对位置对激光动态加热的影响可以看作一个优化问题,存在最优解,进而对于合理使用激光器进行动态加热具有参考价值。     

激光器与轨道的相对位置对动态加热的影响

 通过分析光束入射的角度因子将激光器在地平面上的安放位置进行分类,采用了几何分析和数值模拟的方法,探讨了聚焦激光束在加热运动圆柱体过程中,为了达到一定的加热功率水平和能量水平以取得最好的加热效果而应采取的措施,即应当以激光垂直入射的轨道点为中心,以激光的有效工作时间为取值范围,并参考大气对激光能量的衰减,相对于轨道选取适当的距离进行加热。该研究从理论上说明了激光器与圆柱体运动轨道的相对位置对激光动态加热的影响可以看作一个优化问题,存在最优解,进而对于合理使用激光器进行动态加热具有参考价值。     

一种大功率窄脉冲半导体激光器测试台的研制

大功率窄脉冲半导体激光器主要光电性能参数为:输出峰值光功率、阈值电流、正向电压、上升时间、峰值波长、光谱半宽、半强度角.根据激光制导系统对大功率窄脉冲激光器参数的特殊测试要求,研制一种大功率窄脉冲激光器测试平台,将小型化大功率激励器功放模块、大范围可调DC-DC模块、信号源板、激光器座、光学准直镜集成在一个平台上,与峰值功率计、光谱仪、CCD摄像机等仪器配合,可测出大功率窄脉冲激光器的峰值功率、峰值波长及波长随温度变化的漂移特性、发光芯均匀性等参数.介绍了大功率窄脉冲激光器测试台的特点,并对测试结果作了论述.     

How to detect melting in laser heating diamond anvil cell

Research on the melting phenomenon is the most challenging work in the high pressure/temperature field. Until now,large discrepancies still exist in the melting curve of iron, the most interesting and extensively studied element in geoscience research. Here we present a summary about techniques detecting melting in the laser heating diamond anvil cell.     

CO2激光加热硅芯光纤预制棒的温场分布

研究了10.6 m CO2激光加热硅芯光纤预制棒的温场分布,在考虑预制棒表面热辐射和空气对流的情况下,用有限元软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了激光加热预制棒的传热物理模型,比较了激光功率、激光光斑半径和预制棒直径对温场分布的影响,同时提出CO2激光加热与石墨炉加热结合调节温场分布的方法。仿真结果显示,激光参数和预制棒直径都会明显影响预制棒温场分布,且激光光斑半径3 mm,功率达到400 W的激光器可用于直径10 mm内的硅芯光纤预制棒制备硅芯光纤。通过CO2激光加热和石墨炉加热相结合的加热方式,能更加灵活有效地调节预制棒的温场分布,构建适合硅芯光纤拉丝的温场条件。     

Effect of a prepulse on ablation-pressure smoothing in laser heating of thin foils

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of plasma heating by nonuniform laser radiation and the symmetrizing effect of a laser prepulse on the uniformity of heating of thin foils, which simulated thin-shell laser inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) targets, are presented. The high efficiency of symmetrization by a prepulse was demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. __________ Translated from Preprint No. 16 of the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow (2006).     

短脉冲激光加热模型的遴选原则

 利用推导出的1维半空间光致热弹性应力响应的精确解,对激光与材料相互作用的加热模型的选取进行了研究。理论分析和计算结果表明：常用的表面加热模型只有在热穿透深度远大于光吸收长度时有效,若将其应用于超短脉冲激光（ps以下量级）加热的情况,可能会导致较大的误差;皮秒和飞秒激光辐照的热效应须用体加热模型计算。     

Synthesis experiments on in-Sb and B-Sb systems in a laser heated diamond-anvil cell

Abstract

High pressure and high temperature synthesis experiments were carried out on In-Sb and B-Sb systems with a laser heated diamond-anvil cell. InSb was synthesized starting from In and Sb at various pressures ranging from 0.2 to 10 GPa. The cubic as well as the high pressure phases were successfully synthesized. Experiments above 8 GPa, wherein antimony exists in the tetragonal phase, have revealed no new phases of InSb. Trials of synthesizing a compound from B and Sb gave negative result to at least 30 GPa.     

激光半主动比例导引头光学系统分析与设计

通过对激光半主动比例导引头工作原理和导引头光学系统的特点进行分析,并结合总体设计要求,提出设计一套波段为1.064 m,焦距38 mm, 瞬时视场3,线性区1的激光半主动比例导引头光学系统。用Zernike多项式模拟一个带有较大垂轴球差的波前,叠加在入射波面上,然后对系统进行优化,通过调整加入垂轴球差的大小来控制成像光斑的大小及光斑的均匀性,确定光斑直径为1.5 mm。     

用于高能激光系统的共孔径光学装置设计

高能激光系统的主要工作方式是利用其精跟踪模块将发射激光传输聚焦至闭环跟踪条件下的目标上,使之受到毁伤或失效。为实现该工作方式,本文研究设计了一套共孔径光学收发装置。该装置的发射系统主要由离轴两反式主望远镜模块、伽利略透射式调焦望远镜模块和光束馈送模块共同组成二级扩束系统,接收系统主要由离轴两反式主望远镜模块、精跟踪成像模块和光束馈送模块共同组成长焦距光学系统,其中光束馈送模块由二向色镜、快速反射镜等光学元件组成。以非相干空间合束的基模高斯光作为激光光源,利用光学设计软件对该装置进行了优化设计。对于发射系统,获得了激光经过调焦望远镜模块不同的调焦量调制后,传输至0.5~5 km处的光斑分布情况,且激光波前像差RMS值均优于λ/20;对于接收系统,由各模块一同构成的成像光学系统的性能经优化后接近衍射极限,其中系统传递函数在70 lp/mm时大于0.6,最后通过样机实验也验证了设计的正确性。本文的设计和实验结果证实了该共孔径光学收发装置结构合理,性能可靠,满足高能激光系统的工程应用需求。     

激光系统中半导体激光器温度稳定系统研究与设计

激光器系统中半导体激光器的功率输出稳定度和工作温度有很大的关系,为了使大功率半导体激光器输出功率稳定,需要对激光器实现高精度、快速温度控制。针对现有的激光系统中激光器温度控制系统存在控制精度不够高、控制速度慢等问题,设计了一种温度稳定系统,采用PT-100热电偶测量激光器温度,并使用最小二乘法对温度数据进行拟合,使得温度测量精度达到0.01 ℃;使用改进粒子群算法优化(PSO)的PID控制器实现温度控制。仿真实验和实际测试表明,所设计的温度稳定系统能够很好地控制激光器温度,达到目标温度所需的调节时间小于11 s,达到稳态后温度波动在±0.02 ℃内。与传统的温度控制方式相比,所设计的系统能够实现参数自整定并自动调节温度,对大功率激光系统中激光器温度具有良好稳定效果。     

线结构光传感器中非线性光源单向扩展光路设计

为了减小线结构光传感器光源对测量精度的影响 ,设计了一种集整形和能量校正为一体的非线性光源单向扩展光路。应用反高斯分布的液体吸收滤光镜 ,实现了高斯光束强度的径向均匀化。并应用矩形光阑和两个相互垂直放置的柱面镜 ,对准直后的激光束进行整形 ,分别在不同的方向进行拉伸和压缩 ,得到了形状理想的线光源。此技术已成功应用于BGA芯片管脚的三维尺寸测量中。     

A new differential thermal analysis setup for measuring high pressure phase transitions

A new setup has been recently developed in the toroidal opposed-anvil device ‘Conac 40’ to perform differential thermal analysis in a high pressure range (0–6 GPa). To evaluate the precision and the reliability of the setup, the high pressure melting curve of germanium and the transition points of α-iron have been investigated up to 5.3 GPa and compared with previous results.     

Temperature prediction for CO2 laser heating of moving glass rods

This paper presents a heat transfer model to calculate the temperature field in moving glass rods heated by a CO₂ laser. Conduction and radiation heat transfer in radial and axial directions are taken into account in the current model. The Rosseland diffusion approximation is incorporated to analyze the radiation heat transfer in the glass rod. A two-band model is used to simulate the spectral property of the glass. Results of the simulation show that glass rods of sufficiently large optical thickness should be treated as a semitransparent medium for radiative transfer, and it is reasonably accurate to assume it to be opaque to CO₂ laser irradiation. It has been shown that the resulting temperature profile is strongly dependent on the laser parameters, i.e., the size of laser beam and the power of the laser. The diameter and speed of the moving glass rod are also important in determining the temperature field although the convective heat transfer coefficient between the glass rod and the environment has little effect.     

Measurement of the temperature distribution on the surface of the laser heated specimen in a diamond anvil cell system by the tandem imaging acousto-optical filter

We demonstrate that combining the laser heating (LH) system in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) with a tandem acousto-optical tunable filter (TAOTF) allows measurement of the temperature distribution (TD) under infrared (IR, 1064?nm) LH of a specimen under high pressure in a DAC. The main component of the system is a TAOTF synchronized with a video camera. The system allows TD mapping within a temperature range of approximately 1000–2000?K on the surface of a laser-heated object (Fe plates) at high pressure in a DAC with a spatial resolution 2?µm by fitting the actual signal to Planck’s equation at each point.     

Achievements in high‐pressure science at the high‐brilliance energy‐dispersive X‐ray absorption spectrometer of ESRF,ID24

Although the idea of an X‐ray absorption spectrometer in dispersive geometry was initially conceived for the study of transient phenomena, the instrument at the European Synchrotron Radiation facility has been increasingly exploited for studies at extreme conditions of pressure using diamond anvil cells. The main results of investigations at high pressure obtained at beamline ID24 are reviewed. These concern not only fundamental topics, such as the local and the electronic structure as well as the magnetic properties of matter, but also geological relevant questions such as the behaviour of Fe in the main components of the Earth's interior.     

Laser heating in diamond anvil cells: developments in pulsed and continuous techniques

Developments in continuous and pulsed laser‐heating techniques, and finite‐element calculations for diamond anvil cell experiments are reported. The methods involve the use of time‐resolved (5 ns gated) incandescent light temperature measurements to determine the time dependence of heat fluxes, while near‐IR incandescent light temperature measurements allow temperature measurements to as low as 500 K. Further optimization of timing in pulsed laser heating together with sample engineering will provide additional improvements in data collection in very high P–T experiments.     

Gaussian optical design of a submillimeter-wave and far-infrared laser sideband heterodyne spectrometer

A submillimeter-wave/far-infrared (SMM/FIR) laser sideband heterodyne spectrometer has been built for molecular rotational spectroscopy application in the frequency range of 600–3000 GHz. Based on Gaussian optics, optical system of the spectrometer is designed to be quasi-achromatic and low losses. In this article the optical design and the performance of the spectrometer are presented.     

Plasma etching of cavities into diamond anvils for experiments at high pressures and high temperatures

We describe a method for precisely etching small cavities into the culets of diamond anvils for the purpose of providing thermal insulation for samples in experiments at high pressures and high temperatures. The cavities were fabricated using highly directional oxygen plasma to reactively etch into the diamond surface. The lateral extent of the etch was precisely controlled to micron accuracy by etching the diamond through a lithographically fabricated tungsten mask. The performance of the etched cavities in high-temperature experiments in which the samples were either laser heated or electrically heated is discussed.