ICF实验软X射线能谱仪对辐射能流时间关联测量的时标系统

介绍了时标系统的构成、原理和数据处理方法,并对时间关联的不确定度进行了分析.该时标系统成功将软X射线能谱仪 自身多个探测通道的信号以及三台不同位置处的谱仪的时间信号关联起来,关联精度约为70 ps.在神光III原型激光装置上进行的实验中用软X射线能谱仪从不同方向测得辐射源和辐射输运管末端口辐射能流随时间的演化曲线,反映了输运管内热波沿轴向传输以及软X射线辐射流衰减的物理过程.     

煤中矿物质对其半焦反应活性的影响

本工作考察了大同煤、神木煤、蔚县煤镜质组酸洗前后半焦反应活性的变化。煤酸洗后灰分的失去导致了半焦反应活性的降低。煤种不同,制焦条件不同,矿物质在半焦中的分布形式及存在状态不同,对半焦反应的催化能力也不同。煤种不同,煤中矿物质对半焦活化能的影响彼此不同。在整个反应历程中,具有催化作用的矿物质对半焦活化能的影响并不是恒定的。煤酸洗后半焦反应活性的降低是活化能和指前因子共同变化的结果。     

三七不同部位成分的谱学性质研究

采用不同溶剂提取了三七的不同部位,即提取三七皮和芯的化学成分,通过研究提取液的紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis),傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、荧光光谱(FS)、电喷雾离子质谱(ESI-MS)及高效液相色谱(HPLC),寻找谱学特征与其化学成分的相关性,从化学成分的角度解释了三七皮与芯的药理效应差异的可能原因。     

脉冲激光诱导Cu靶产生发光羽的特性分析

通过在不同的环境气压下拍摄脉冲激光烧蚀金属Cu诱导产生的发光羽,获取了不同区域具有不同颜色特征的发光羽照片.结果发现:发光羽的颜色随环境气压的改变而变化.采用空间分辨光谱技术,测定了激光诱导金属Cu靶产生发光羽辐射强度的空间分布,以及不同烧蚀环境气压对发光羽辐射强度的影响.研究了脉冲激光烧蚀Cu表面诱导发光的动力学过程,建立了可能的发光羽分区模型,对发光羽的不同区域发光粒子的激发机理进行了探讨,并用之定性地解释了所观察的实验现象.结果分析表明:脉冲激光诱导Cu产生的发光羽可以分为三个区域,不同区域的发光机理不同,Cu原子和Cu离子的激发机理不完全相同.     

Interlaboratory comparison of tooth enamel dosimetry on Semipalatinsk region: Part 1, general view

For intercomparison of methods of dose determination using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of tooth enamel, the same sets of enamel samples were analyzed in different laboratories using similar recording parameters. The sets of samples included calibration samples irradiated in known doses, test samples irradiated to doses unknown to the participants and accidental dose samples prepared from teeth of humans affected by radioactive fallout from nuclear tests in the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in Kazakhstan. The test samples were analyzed to determine the differences in the resulting doses using different spectrometers and different spectra processing methods. The accidental dose samples were analyzed in order to test the precision of doses determined by EPR spectroscopy and to obtain more accurate values by averaging the results from different laboratories.     

最小神经元模型放电起始动态控制与分析

本文采用最小神经元模型,从生理学角度设计wash-out滤波器,实现了不同放电起始动态机理之间的转换,并证明wash-out滤波器控制通过影响阈下电流的竞争结果改变了神经元的放电起始动态机理. 关键词： 放电起始动态机理 阈下电流竞争 最小神经元模型 wash-out滤波器     

新疆软玉、辽宁岫岩软玉的XRD及红外光谱研究

选取新疆和辽宁岫岩两地不同颜色的软玉,青玉、黄玉、白玉、碧玉及岫岩的特殊品种——河磨玉作为研究对象,通过宝石学测试、红外吸收光谱和X粉晶衍射分析对两个产地不同种类及颜色软玉的宝石矿物学特征进行了系统研究和对比,以探索两产地相近颜色软玉的异同,为软玉的产地鉴别提供理论依据。研究结果表明,辽宁岫岩与新疆软玉的宝石学性质相似,折射率为1.60～1.62,密度为2.660~3.020 g·cm-3,密度随颜色的不同有一定差异,荧光特征均不明显,两产地软玉的主要组成矿物均为透闪石,其中新疆碧玉中含有少量绿泥石、伊利石等粘土矿物。两产地不同种类软玉的X粉晶衍射分析显示,不同种类软玉的衍射峰峰形特征及衍射强度在一定程度上可以反映软玉的质地及结晶颗粒大小。红外吸收光谱显示两产地软玉的红外吸收光谱特征类似,对鉴别软玉产地及种属意义不大。     

成都金沙遗址古代陶片的PIXE和RBS分析(英文)

成都金沙遗址的年代覆盖了商代晚期至西周时期（公元前1200年—公元前650年）, 一般被认为是三星堆文化的延续。初步建立了质子激发X射线发射（PIXE）和卢瑟福背散射（RBS）实验装置, 并采用PIXE和RBS方法研究了从金沙遗址出土的部分陶片的元素组成。通过因子分析, 观察到来自不同地层的陶片的元素组成存在一定的差异, 这可能意味着制作陶器的陶土在不同时期取自不同的地点。也观察到来自不同发掘坑的陶片的元素组成没有明显的聚类现象, 这可能意味着制作不同使用用途的陶器所用的陶土是没有区别的。Jinsha Ruins Site, Chengdu, China, spanned the age from late Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty (B.C.1200—B.C.650), was generally considered as the inheritance of Sanxingdui Culture. This paper focuses on the studies of the pottery unearthed from Jinsha. PIXE and RBS experimental setup was preliminarily established and these techniques were employed to find the elemental composition of those collected shards. From the results of factor analysis, the differences can be seen among pottery shards from different stratums, which may suggest that the clay gathered from different sites was used in different periods. The authors also found that there was no obvious assemblage phenomenon in the factor analysis among the pottery shards from different pits, this may be the evidence for “no special clay for special use”.     

不同产地丹参的紫外光谱鉴别研究

不同溶剂在微波条件下对4种不同产地丹参进行快速提取,用紫外分光光度计对相同溶剂的提取物进行对比研究,发现其紫外光谱存在差异,可用于不同产地丹参的鉴别.     

Quantifying turbulence-induced segregation of inertial particles

Particles with different density from the advecting turbulent fluids cluster due to the different response of light and heavy particles to turbulent fluctuations. This study focuses on the quantitative characterization of the segregation of dilute polydisperse inertial particles evolving in turbulent flow, as obtained from direct numerical simulation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. We introduce an indicator of segregation amongst particles of different inertia and/or size, from which a length scale r_{seg}, quantifying the segregation degree between two particle types, is deduced.     

基于幂律尾指数研究中国降水的时空演变特征

基于中国气象局国家气候中心740站点1960—2000a的日降水观测资料，对中国各地区日降水量分等级进行统计分析，揭示了各地区日降水存在的一个共同特征——幂律尾分布，且不同等级的降水量对应不同的幂律尾指数，在一定程度上反映了不同雨型具有不同的气候背景和物理机理.中国华北、华南等七个气候特征区，其幂律尾指数总体自东南向西北呈递增趋势，这与中国降水东多西少，南多北少的空间分布特征相符合.研究各气候特征区日降水的幂律尾指数随时间的演变特征发现：东北、华北和西北地区的幂律尾指数发生突变的年份对应着20世纪70年代末开始的中国北方干旱化进程，导致的可能原因是微量降水，尤其是0—7mm日降水的减少. 关键词： 幂律尾指数 突变 北方干旱化     

不同产地杜仲的紫外光谱鉴别研究

利用不同溶剂在微波条件下对于3种不同产地杜仲进行提取,应用紫外分光光度计对相同溶剂的提取物进行研究,发现其紫外光谱有差异,可用于不同产地杜仲的鉴别.     

药用植物川东獐牙菜红外光谱分析与鉴别

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)和系统聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)快速鉴别不同产地川东獐牙菜(Swertia davidi Franch)。采集4个不同地区70株样品不同部位的红外光谱数据,原始光谱数据经预处理(自动基线校正,自动平滑,一阶求导,二阶求导)后导入OMNIC 8.2,比较吸收峰的差异;用SIMCA-Pa+10.0进行偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA),以前三个主成分三维得分图比较产地鉴别效果;红外光谱数据导入SPSS 19.0,进行系统聚类分析(HCA),通过树状图比较不同部位分类效果。结果显示,(1)不同产地根的光谱图在1 739,1 647,1 614,1 503,1 271,1 243,1 072cm~(-1)附近的吸收峰有差异,不同产地茎的光谱图在1 503,1 270,1 246cm~(-1)吸收峰附近有差异;(2)相同产地不同部位的光谱特征峰有差异;(3)PLS-DA分析结果显示自动基线校正+自动平滑+二阶求导这种预处理方式分类效果最好,根的红外光谱数据产地鉴别效果最佳;(4)HCA的树状图,显示根的聚类分析结果正确率83%,茎的聚类分析结果正确率49%,叶的聚类分析结果正确率70%。FTIR技术结合PLS-DA与HCA方法能够快速准确地鉴别不同产地川东獐牙菜,不同部位产地鉴别效果有差异,根的光谱数据产地鉴别效果最佳,二阶求导处理增强了样品的特异性,使PLS-DA的三维主成分得分图分类效果更明显。     

乌拉尔甘草种子硬实率的近红外光谱分析

以收获年份不同、收获地点不同的112份乌拉尔甘草种子为材料,其硬实率分布范围为0.3%～99.3%,根据3:1的比例划分校正集和检验集,采用近红外光谱技术结合定量偏最小二乘法对其硬实率进行了分析。研究结果表明,光谱范围采用5 000～6 000 cm~(-1),主成分数为6时,校正集和检验集的决定系数分别为90.85%和91.51%,相关系数分别为0.953 2和0.957 9,平均绝对误差分别为7.73%和6.96%,标准差分别为9.98和9.57。采用该方法建模时,即使采用不同的建模样品,校正集和检验集的决定系数均在90%以上,校正标准差和预测标准差在10.00左右,平均绝对误差在7.90%左右。该研究旨在利用近红外光谱法提出乌拉尔甘草种子硬实率的快速检测方法,以促进硬实种子在生产上的利用。     

新乌龟坐标变换下的动态Kinnersley黑洞的Hawking辐射

采用两种新的乌龟坐标变换,用改进的Damour-Ruffini方法研究了动态Kinnersley黑洞的Hawking辐射.在新乌龟坐标变换下,将Klein-Gordon方程在视界附近变换成平直时空的标准波动方程形式,得到了黑洞的表面引力及Hawking温度,该温度在黑洞表面不同点有不同的值.值得注意的是,旧的乌龟坐标变换存在量纲错误,新乌龟坐标变换没有量纲问题,选不同的旧乌龟坐标变换计算同一黑洞所得结果不同,但是采用不同的新乌龟坐标变换所得结果仍然不同. 关键词： 黑洞 乌龟坐标变换 Hawking辐射 Klein-Gorden方程     

Constraining fast radio burst progenitors with gravitational lensing

Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are new transient radio sources discovered recently.Because of the angular resolution restriction in radio surveys,no optical counter part has been identified yet so it is hard to determine the progenitor of FRBs.In this paper we propose to use radio lensing survey to constrain FRB progenitors.We show that,different types of progenitors lead to different probabilities for a FRB to be gravitationally lensed by dark matter halos in foreground galaxies,since different type progenitors result in different redshift distributions of FRBs.For example,the redshift distribution of FRBs arising from double stars shifts toward lower redshift than of the FRBs arising from single stars,because double stars and single stars have different evolution timescales.With detailed calculations,we predict that the FRB sample size for producing one lensing event varies significantly for different FRB progenitor models.We argue that this fact can be used to distinguish different FRB models and also discuss the practical possibility of using lensing observation in radio surveys to constrain FRB progenitors.     

半焦燃烧特性的热重试验研究

针对目前提倡的煤部分气化燃烧系统集成优化联合生产煤气和热能的新概念,在不同温度下制得四种煤的半焦,通过热天平燃烧试验研究了半焦的燃烧特性,考察了煤种和制备温度对半焦燃烧特性的影响.试验结果表明:煤种不同,所制得半焦燃烧特性不同;相同煤种制得半焦,随制备温度升高,半焦着火温度上升,燃烧活化能增加,燃烧反应活性降低.     

Microstructural characterization of materials by neural network technique

Ultrasonic signals received by pulse echo technique from plane parallel Zircaloy 2 samples of fixed thickness and of three different microstructures, were subjected to signal analysis, as conventional parameters like velocity and attenuation could not reliably discriminate them. The signals, obtained from these samples, were first sampled and digitized. Modified Karhunen Loeve Transform was used to reduce their dimensionality. A multilayered feed forward Artificial Neural Network was trained using a few signals in their reduced domain from the three different microstructures. The rest of the signals from the three samples with different microstructures were classified satisfactorily using this network.     

Self-calibration of multi-camera networks without feature correspondence between different cameras

An automatic calibration approach for multi-camera networks is proposed to calibrate the intrinsic parameters of each camera and the extrinsic parameters between different cameras. Firstly, the moving objects are tracking, and the feature points are detected and calculated by a matching method from image sequences. And then we estimate the intrinsic parameters of each camera respectively by a self-calibration method from the motion of feature points, while estimating the rotation and translation of each camera with respect to the object. Thirdly, we estimate the extrinsic parameters between different cameras from the rotation and the motion of each camera with respect to the object. Our method only needs to track the motion of objects in each camera without the correspondence between different cameras. It avoids the difficulty of the correspondence between different cameras in real networks. Experiments with simulated data and real images are carried out to verify the theoretical correctness and numerical robustness.     

不同地区恐龙化石的显微激光拉曼光谱研究

研究了7个恐龙化石样品在较高波数段的显微激光拉曼光谱,化石样品来自不同地区并且属于不同的骨骼部位。显微激光拉曼光谱表明,这7个恐龙化石的拉曼特征峰的峰位十分相似,但峰形有差别。进一步的比较分析还发现,不同源地相同骨骼部位的拉曼峰峰形比较相似,例如不同地区的脊椎头化石图谱比较相似,肢骨头化石的拉曼峰峰形也比较相似。实验结果表明,在1 000～1 800 cm-1波数段内的拉曼特征峰,主要与原骨骼所属的部位有关,与化石的源地关系不太大。785 nm的拉曼光谱不能区分恐龙化石的源地,但可以在较小的地质区域内区分化石骨骼的部位。