ENDOR AND ESR STUDIES OF RADICALS FORMED IN FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTIONS

The present study deals with the study of some Friedel-Crafts alkylating system and the accurate measurement of hyperfine coupling constants by ESR and ENDOR techniques. The results indicate that the observed ESR spectra are due to polycyclic aromatic radical cations formed from their parent hydrocarbons.It is suggested that benzyl halides produced in the Friedel-Crafts alkylating reaction undergo Scholl condensation reaction to give polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which were converted into the corresponding polycyclic aromatic radical cations in the presence of aluminum chloride.     

IDENTIFICATION OF YELLOW COLOR FORMED FROM REACTION OF CARBON DISULFIDE AND ALUMINA

Abstract

The water-soluble yellow substance formed by the reaction of alumina and carbon disulfide first reported by Perry in 1925 is identified as sodium trithiocarbonate and/or sodium hydrogen trithiocarbonate (depending on the pH) on the basis of comparative electronic absorption spectra and chemical tests. Electronic absorption spectra of sodium tri- and tetrathiocarbonates under various conditions are reported.     

SOLVENT-INDUCED PHOTOREVERSIBLE REACTIONS OF C-PHYCOCYANIN FROM SYNECHOCOCCUS SP.

Abstract— C-phycocyanin from Synechococcus sp. ( Anacystis nidulans ) shows photoreversible absorption changes when dissolved in buffer containing 75% ethylene glycol (vol/vol). Irradiation with red light (638 nm) causes a 7.5% decrease in absorbance around the absorption maximum (620 m), while the absorbance around 500 nm increases. Subsequent irradiation with green light (500 nm) partially reverses this change. Final photoreversibility at around 620 nm amounts to ca. 2.5% of the maximum absorbance. These reactions are ascribed to two interconvertible species PC_r and PC_g, the former with a higher absorbance in the red. the latter in the green. The rate of dark reversion from PC_g to PC_r is strongly enhanced by ferricyanide. It is proposed that with this reagent, dark reversion occurs via an oxidized form of PC_g. Furthermore, ferricyanide in the presence of ethylene glycol is capable of reversibly oxidizing part of the chromophores of C-phycocyanin, presumably to a radical. In the absence of ethylene glycol, however, ferricyanide causes total irreversible bleaching of the pigment in the dark. The induced photoreversibility of C-phycocyanin is ascribed to the perturbing action on the protein structure by ethylene glycol in high concentrations. This solvent proved the most suitable perturbant of several compounds tested.     

单分散聚苯乙烯乳胶有序膜在二氧化硅多孔材料制备中的模板作用

自然界中许多物质经千万年发展进化,具有特殊结构,决定了它们具有奇异特性.人们对此过程非常关注,试图了解其结构性能关系,从而实现人工合成,仿生学应此而产生.比如天然蛋白石能呈现出鲜艳颜色,其原因在于单分散二氧化硅微球与具有选择性吸收光的某些金属氧化物微粒形成了有序的超晶格结构[1].为了模拟此过程,人们以单分散二氧化硅或聚苯乙烯微粒形成的胶体晶作为模板,实现蛋白石的人工合成[2].可以说,模板合成技术是制备有序材料的有效手段.本文以单分散聚苯乙烯乳胶室温形成的有序膜为模板,采用快速溶胶凝胶方法,制备了聚苯乙烯/二氧化硅…     

4-甲酰基-2,2,5,5-四甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮与胺的缩合产物及其性质

全取代的呋喃酮[Ⅰ]易与胺类发生缩合反应,生成相应的插烯式酰胺,与甲胺在不同溶剂中可得单分子或双分子缩合产物。这类缩合产物不能用碘甲烷,重氮甲烷甲基化;用过氧化氢氧化得到少一碳原子的二元酸;与乙酰乙酸乙酯作用生成吡啶衍生物;与格氏试剂作用,发生类似于α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的1,4-加成反应,生成产物业经合成方法证明。     

MICROPOROUS PVDF-HFP-BASED POLYMER MEMBRANES FORMED FROM SUPERCRITICAL CO2 INDUCED PHASE SEPARATION

Microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP)membranes following supercritical CO_2 induced phase separation process were prepared using four solvents.The solid electrolytes of PVDF-HFP were formed by microporous PVDF-HFP membranes filled and swollen by a liquid electrolyte.The effect of the solvents on the morphology and structure,electrolyte absorptions and lithium ionic conductivity of the activated membranes were investigated.It was approved that all the membrane had the simi...     

钨的双氮配合物与碘代三甲基硅烷的反应——从配位氮分子形成N-Si键

本文首次报道了配位氮分子与碘代三甲基硅烷反应形成新的N-Si健的结果。钨的双氮配合物cis-CW (N₂)₂ (PMe₂ph) ₄〕与Me₃SiI在500℃反应可得到[WI(N₂SiMe₃)(PMe₂ph₄],又可续一步与HI反应而转化为[WI₂(N₂HSiMe₃)(PMe₂ph)₃]。用X-射线结构分析法确定了后一种配合物的分子结构。结果表明, Me₃Si-基团结合于金属的口一位氮原子上。     

氨基酸的光化学诱导动态核极化

维生素B₂与氨基酸和氨基酸衍生物水溶液体系的光化学诱导动态核极化(photo chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization, CIDNP)研究表明,在维生素B₂作为光敏化剂的体系中,N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸和N_α-乙酰-L-组氨酸显示很强的极化信号,而其它氨基酸和衍生物则未观察到。     

炭化温度对飞焦和煤混合原料制成型活性焦性能的影响

以中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化工业示范试验二旋飞焦为部分原料，再配以原煤和煤焦油混合，试制了烟气脱硫用成型活性焦。实验表明: 炭化温度的高低对成型活性焦的性能有很大的影响，其中对强度的影响尤为密切。为了得到较高的耐磨、耐压强度，在满足其它性能的前提下，炭化温度最佳的范围为600 ℃～700 ℃,在此条件下制得的活性焦其强度大于95%, 硫容为80 mg/g，符合活性焦的商业使用要求。同时研究了炭化温度对活性焦孔结构发展的影响。并对活性焦进行了孔结构的表征，探讨了孔结构和二氧化硫吸附性能的关系。     

二氧化碳直接加氢合成反应的热力学分析(英文)

二氧化碳直接加氢合成反应是二氧化碳活化和有效利用的重要途径之一。列举了１８个二氧化碳氢化反应,并对相应的反应热和平衡常数进行了计算。假定各反应物以反应的摩尔计量比参加反应、反应物的总量均为１ｍｏｌ,求出了各反应中ＣＯ２的平衡转化率。     

SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF 2H-1,3-THIAZETES

Abstract

2H-1,3-Thiazetes have been supposed to be the intermediates of the photoaddition of thiocarbonyl compounds to nitriles, yielding N-(alkylidene)thiocarboxamides¹é. Using the stabilizing effect of trifluoromethyl groups on small ring systems² we succeeded in synthesizing 2H-1,3-thiazetes as stable compounds³. At elevated temperatures a thermal mobile valence tautomeric equilibrium with N-(perfluoroisopropylidene)thiocarboxamides was observed, which competes with a [2+2] cycloreversion process.     

VISUAL PIGMENTS AND BACTERIORHODOPSINS FORMED FROM AROMATIC RETINAL ANALOGS

Abstract— Rhodopsin (Rh) and bacteriorhodopsin (bR) analogs have been prepared from retinals containing various aromatic and heterocyclic nuclei. In the case of Rh, aromatic methyl substituents facilitate the regeneration and stabilize the pigments formed; in bR, however, methyl substituents seem to have little influence. Rhodopsins derived from unsubstituted aromatic retinals show fine structure in the relatively stable "pre-pigment" intermediate and their maxima are red-shifted compared to pigments derived from methylated aromatic retinals. This implies that in these aromatic rhodopsins the ring moiety adopts a more planar conformation when unsubstituted. In bR derivatives also the aromatic ring adopts a close-to-planar conformation when unsubstituted, but comparison with indene-derived bR suggests that even the unsubstituted phenyl ring may not be coplanar with the side-chain.     

酸性嫩黄G与希土离子生成的化合物的结构特性

本文通过元素分析、红外、核磁、差热分析表征了酸性嫩黄G希土化合物的结构,证明希土离子同酸性嫩黄G的磺酸基作用生成离子型化合物,并讨论了其光谱性质。     

PHOTOINHIBITION OF CHLOROPLAST REACTIONS

Abstract— An attemlpt was made to localize the site of photoinhibition of photosynthesis by measuring the decay of various chloroplast reactions after exposure to very strong light. A11 substrate reductions coupled to oxygen evolution as well as photophosphorylation mediated by PMS, proved equally sensitive to photoinhibition. Reactions involving only the long wave photosystem, such as TPN reduction with ascorbate as electron donor and photooxidation of cytochromec by detergent-treated chloroplasts were sensitive to a lower degree.
Photoinhibition irreversibly annihilated the 'variable' fraction of fluorescence emission —it decreased the steady state yield 2-3 fold and abolished the slow rise of the emission at the onset of illurnination.
It is concluded that the primary site of light inactivation is in, or close to, the trapping centers of the oxygen evolving step of photosynthesis. Pre-illumination leaves these traps in a state capable of draining light from sensitizing pigments but unable to perform useful photochemistry.     

REACTIONS OF ARYLSULPHONYL FLUORIDES

Abstract

Substituent effects have been investigated for both nucleophili -ic and reduction reactions of arylsulphonyl fluorides in aqueous media. The significance of the results will be discussed in relation to the reactions of arylsulphonyl chlorides.     

PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF AZIDOCOUMARINS

Abstract— Photochemical reactions of 6-azidocoumarin and 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin in the presence of secondary amines have been investigated for their potential applications in photoaffinity labeling. It was found that the singlet nitrene generated from 6-azidocoumarin isomerized to a dehydroazepine intermediate that reacted with an amine to yield two isomeric adducts. Photolysis of 7-azido-4-meth-ylcoumarin, in contrast, gave a triplet nitrene that abstracted hydrogen atoms from secondary amine molecules to form 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as the major product. The difference in the intersystem crossing rate between the two compounds originates from the azido position relative to the carbonyl group. Because of its ability to form a covalent linkage with a nucleophile, 6-azidocoumarin is deemed to have a greater potential as a photoaffinity label than 7-azido-4-methylcoumarin.