Improving LDPC and turbo LDPC codes using Collection of Punctured Codes Decoding (CPCD)

In our previous paper [1], a novel CPCD technique has been introduced to significantly improve decoding of LDPC codes over the known sum product algorithm (SPA) decoding. However, results presented in [1] were limited to shorter low density parity check (LDPC) codes and transmission over an addition white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels using QPSK modulation. In this study, we demonstrate that CPCD can achieve significant gains regardless of the length of the code or the modulation technique used for transmission or the type of the channel including fading channels. In addition, a novel turbo-CPCD technique that follows the principle of turbo LDPC is introduced. It is shown here that CPCD and turbo-CPCD can perform about $0.2-1.5$ dB better than SPA decoding and turbo LDPC codes.     

基于低密度奇偶校验码的MPPM比特符号映射及系统性能研究

建立了基于低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码和多脉冲位置调制(MPPM)的无线光通信系统模型,给出了相应系统模型下的解码算法,研究了(m,2)MPPM的比特符号映射方式,提出了用改进的遗传算法(GA)搜索的优化映射方法,最后在大气湍流信道下进行了仿真。仿真结果表明基于LDPC码和MPPM的无线光通信系统性能明显优于未编码的MPPM系统,结合LDPC码和多光束发射技术可以提高系统抗强大气湍流影响的能力;通过GA优化的映射方法在不增加系统复杂性的情况下能进一步提高系统的纠错性能,可以获得更大的编码增益。     

Error corrections of quantum key distribution of the quantum codes via optical wireless link

Quantum key generated by using a fiber optic Mach Zehnder interferometer incorporating a fiber optic ring resonator is proposed. The generated quantum key is distributed via an optical wireless link system, which is available for the free space link. The random quantum bits can be formed and used as the secret codes in quantum communication system. By adding an ancillary photon after the signal photon within the correlation time of the fiber noise and by performing quantum parity checking, the high fidelity to the noiseless quantum in free space is achieved by the technique known as the quantum error correction.     

Modulation coding for pixel-matched holographic data storage

We describe a digital holographic storage system for the study of noise sources and the evaluation of modulation and error-correction codes. A precision zoom lens and Fourier transform optics provide pixel-to-pixel matching between any input spatial light modulator and output CCD array over magnifications from 0.8 to 3. Holograms are angle multiplexed in LiNbO(3):Fe by use of the 90 degrees geometry, and reconstructions are detected with a 60-frame/s CCD camera. Modulation codes developed on this platform permit image transmission down to signal levels of ~2000 photons per ON camera pixel, at raw bit-error rates (BER's) of better than 10(-5). Using an 8-12-pixel modulation code, we have stored and retrieved 1200 holograms (each with 45,600 user bits) without error, for a raw BER of <2x10(-8).     

Superior signal-to-noise ratio of a new AA1 sequence for random-modulation continuous-wave lidar

In an earlier work [Proc. SPIE 4484, 216 (2001)] we proposed a new AA1 modulation sequence for random-modulation continuous-wave lidar. It possesses significantly better signal properties than other pseudorandom codes (the M, A1, and A2 sequences). We derive and compare the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the new AA1 sequence with those of previous modulation sequences. Using a figure of merit proposed for pseudorandom sequences in additive (and generally colored) noise, we show that the SNR of the AA1 sequence in 1/f noise can be as much as 50 times better than that of the commonly used M sequence. This improved SNR should permit as much as a 7:1 increase of the maximum lidar sensing range in baseband-modulation direct-detection infrared lidar with no significant changes to the transmitter and receiver.     

Cascading parity-check error-correcting codes

A method for improving the performance of sparse-matrix based parity check codes is proposed, based on insight gained from methods of statistical physics. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated on an existing encoding/decoding paradigm suggested by Sourlas. We also discuss the application of the same method to more advanced codes of a similar type.     

Degenerate asymmetric quantum concatenated codes for correcting biased quantum errors

In most practical quantum mechanical systems, quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing. The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise. In this work, we construct new families of asymmetric quantum concatenated codes (AQCCs) to deal with such biased quantum noise. Our construction is based on a novel concatenation scheme for constructing AQCCs with large asymmetries, in which classical tensor product codes and concatenated codes are utilized to correct phase flip noise and bit flip noise, respectively. We generalize the original concatenation scheme to a more general case for better correcting degenerate errors. Moreover, we focus on constructing nonbinary AQCCs that are highly degenerate. Compared to previous literatures, AQCCs constructed in this paper show much better parameter performance than existed ones. Furthermore, we design the specific encoding circuit of the AQCCs. It is shown that our codes can be encoded more efficiently than standard quantum codes.     

CCD摄像机的输出调制度阈值分析

应用数理统计学的有关内容对CCD输出信号中的随机噪声进行了相关分析。引入了“噪声等效调制度”这一概念 ,利用计算机模拟技术对摄像机成像时所产生的随机噪声进行了模拟与计算。通过计算机模拟 ,推导出了噪声等效调制度与CCD摄像机系统信噪比之间的关系。将信噪比对CCD摄像机成像质量的影响予以量化 ,并对摄像机的输出调制度阈值进行了分析与计算     

非线性相位噪声对DQPSK调制系统性能影响研究

为了研究非线性相位噪声对差分正交相移键控（DQPSK）调制系统性能的影响,在理论推导非线性相位噪声数学模型的基础上,通过固定接收端信噪比不变,仿真分析了40Gb/s速率时DQPSK调制系统误码率随输入信噪比的变化情况。结果表明:与二进制差分相移键控（DPSK）调制相比,DQPSK调制对非线性相位噪声的影响更为敏感,当非线性效应较大时,非线性相位噪声将使系统误码率显著增大,严重影响系统通信质量。因此,当采用DQPSK调制时,必须考虑非线性相位噪声对系统性能的影响。     

低密度奇偶校验码在光通信中的性能

低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)不仅有逼近香农限的良好性能, 而且译码复杂度较低, 结构灵活, 是近年信道编码领域的研究热点, 在光通信系统中有广泛的应用前景。针对非规则Tanner图上构造的低密度奇偶校验长码具有良好的性能, 以及其在光通信系统中的应用, 构造了几种LDPC码, 并采用置信传播(BP)译码, 在加性高期白噪声(AWGN)信道、二相移相键空(BPSK)调制下进行了计算机仿真。根据规则LDPC码和非规则LDPC码的误码率(BER)和FER曲线, 对规则码和非规则LDPC码在编译码方面以及性能方面作了分析和比较, 进而对构造在光通信系统中具有实用价值的LDPC码提出了看法。通过理论分析与仿真结果表明LDPC 码型具有良好的性能, 可以节省硬件开销, 比较适用于光通信系统中, 可作为超强前向纠错码型的候选码。     

Fuzzy control of optical PPM–CDMA with M-ary orthogonal signaling

This paper introduces an incorporated spectral-amplitude coding (SAC) optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) scheme. One novel class of optical signature codes based on combinatorial designs is employed with M-ary pulse-position modulation (PPM) signaling to improve the system performance beyond the interference limit. A union upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) is derived and the performance characteristics are then discussed with a variety of system parameters. Furthermore, fuzzy logic (FL) control is proposed to provide tolerance of different degrees of reliability in multirate transmission and to achieve distinct service differentiation for multimedia applications. It is shown that the proposed system can effectively suppress noise effects and offer improved adaptation capabilities for multi-quality network requirements in comparison with systems without optimization.     

离散调制连续变量量子密钥分发的安全边界

对一种结合离散调制和反向协调,适用于长距离传输的连续变量量子密钥分发四态协议的安全性进行了严格证明.这种协议中Alice发送的态与高斯调制协议中的有一定差异,这种差异可以等价成信道衰减和额外噪声.另外,由于Alice不可能做到精确调制,这会导致其发送的相干态中含有噪声.把这种调制引起的噪声看作光源的噪声,并推导出了在光源噪声不能被窃听者所利用的条件下的安全码率的下界.为了避免实验上快速、随机的控制本地振荡光的相位,还将无开关协议和四态协议相结合,分析了其安全性.     

远程干涉型光纤传感系统的非线性相位噪声分析

以远程干涉型光纤传感系统为背景, 研究了系统非线性相位噪声构成, 对各构成要素的具体影响进行了详细分析和综合评价, 简要讨论了噪声抑制方案. 研究表明, 系统相位噪声主要包括强度噪声转化而来的相位噪声、非线性效应引起激光 线宽展宽导致的相位噪声以及自相位调制和交叉相位调制引入的相位噪声. 受激布里渊散射和四波混频可引入强度噪声并转化为相位噪声, 对于探测带宽较窄的光纤传感系统, 四波混频引入的该部分噪声往往可以忽略. 受激布里渊散射、四波混频和调制不稳定性都可引起激光线宽展宽从而造成相位噪声的增大. 当系统信道数目较多时, 交叉相位调制对相位噪声的贡献不可忽略. 所得结论对远程干涉型光纤传感系统的实际应用具有重要的指导意义.     

Spectral models of additive and modulation noise in speech and phonatory excitation signals

The article presents spectral models of additive and modulation noise in speech. The purpose is to learn about the causes of noise in the spectra of normal and disordered voices and to gauge whether the spectral properties of the perturbations of the phonatory excitation signal can be inferred from the spectral properties of the speech signal. The approach to modeling consists of deducing the Fourier series of the perturbed speech, assuming that the Fourier series of the noise and of the clean monocycle-periodic excitation are known. The models explain published data, take into account the effects of supraglottal tremor, demonstrate the modulation distortion owing to vocal tract filtering, establish conditions under which noise cues of different speech signals may be compared, and predict the impossibility of inferring the spectral properties of the frequency modulating noise from the spectral properties of the frequency modulation noise (e.g., phonatory jitter and frequency tremor). The general conclusion is that only phonatory frequency modulation noise is spectrally relevant. Other types of noise in speech are either epiphenomenal, or their spectral effects are masked by the spectral effects of frequency modulation noise.     

Estimation and cancellation of multi-user interference in synchronous fiber-optic PPM-CDMA system using Manchester coding

A multi-user interference estimation and cancellation technique is proposed for direct-detection fiber-optic code division multiple-access communication systems employing pulse-position modulation. In addition, Manchester codes are used in signaling the transmitted data to further improve the bit-error rate (BER). The multi-user interference of any user is estimated with the help of properties of modified prime code sequences. The estimated interference is canceled out from the received signal after the photo-detection process. We have used PIN photo-detector in our proposed system. An upper bound on the BER for the proposed system is derived and compared with a lower bound on the BER for the system without cancellation. In the presence of multiple users interference (MUI) and the Poisson shot noise model, our results clearly indicate that the performance, in terms of the BER, of the proposed system is significantly improved compared with that of the system without cancellation. The effect of thermal, dark current and surface leakage noise is insignificant compared to MUI and thus will not be considered in our calculation of BER.     

A Family of Degenerate Codes for Depolarizing Channels

Quantum degenerate code may improve the hashing bound of quantum capacity. We propose a family of quantum degenerate codes derived from two-colorable graphs. The coherent information of the codes is analytically obtained as a function of the channel noise for the depolarizing channel. We find a new code which has a higher noise threshold than that of the repetition code.     

Comparison and analysis of codes for remodulation WDM-PON with adaptive code selection

In a remodulation PON, the upstream signal quality can be improved when the downstream signal is coded. But low code efficiency may result in network congestion in downlink. Based on the downlink traffic, a self-adapting PON can select the proper downstream modulation codes to achieve the optimal network performance. With adaptive code selection, network congestion can be avoided and the remodulated upstream signal suffers minimal performance degradation. Some codes of various coding efficiency are required to be selected in this self-adapting PON. These codes should induce as little crosstalk to the upstream signal as possible. Several candidate codes with coding efficiencies from 50% to 80%, such as Manchester code, 3b5b code, 4b5b code, 4b6b code and 6b8b code are tested through simulation and experiment in this paper, and their performances are compared. The results show that the optimum code for downstream modulation depends on the downlink traffic and the upstream bit rate. The results will help the self-adapting remodulation WDM-PON to select the proper downstream modulation codes in different traffic situations.     

Performance analysis of LDPC codes on OOK terahertz wireless channels

Atmospheric absorption, scattering, and scintillation are the major causes to deteriorate the transmission quality of terahertz(THz) wireless communications. An error control coding scheme based on low density parity check(LDPC) codes with soft decision decoding algorithm is proposed to improve the bit-error-rate(BER) performance of an on-off keying(OOK) modulated THz signal through atmospheric channel. The THz wave propagation characteristics and channel model in atmosphere is set up. Numerical simulations validate the great performance of LDPC codes against the atmospheric fading and demonstrate the huge potential in future ultra-high speed beyond Gbps THz communications.     

舰船噪声听觉节奏特征

舰船噪声调制包络能反映舰船噪声听觉节奏特征,但在对其进行谱分析和特征提取过程中会损失部分信息。直接将舰船噪声包络可视化,并采用简单的人机交互提取特征量,对噪声分析和识别是有利的。包络分析采用多子带融合方法,将"最优"调制包络看作一种随机过程,并将舰船噪声的多子带检波信号看作是对"最优"调制包络的一次观测,对其作循环相关,用有限次观测的集种平均作为"最优"包络的估计,从而得到多子带融合包络,舰船噪声实测数据验证了该方法的有效性。