Strongly self-absorbing -algebras

Say that a separable, unital -algebra is strongly self-absorbing if there exists an isomorphism such that and are approximately unitarily equivalent -homomorphisms. We study this class of algebras, which includes the Cuntz algebras , , the UHF algebras of infinite type, the Jiang-Su algebra and tensor products of with UHF algebras of infinite type. Given a strongly self-absorbing -algebra we characterise when a separable -algebra absorbs tensorially (i.e., is -stable), and prove closure properties for the class of separable -stable -algebras. Finally, we compute the possible -groups and prove a number of classification results which suggest that the examples listed above are the only strongly self-absorbing -algebras.

     

Generating continuous mappings with Lipschitz mappings

If is a metric space, then and denote the semigroups of continuous and Lipschitz mappings, respectively, from to itself. The relative rank of modulo is the least cardinality of any set where generates . For a large class of separable metric spaces we prove that the relative rank of modulo is uncountable. When is the Baire space , this rank is . A large part of the paper emerged from discussions about the necessity of the assumptions imposed on the class of spaces from the aforementioned results.

     

Analytic contractions, nontangential limits, and the index of invariant subspaces

Let be a Hilbert space of analytic functions on the open unit disc such that the operator of multiplication with the identity function defines a contraction operator. In terms of the reproducing kernel for we will characterize the largest set such that for each , the meromorphic function has nontangential limits a.e. on . We will see that the question of whether or not has linear Lebesgue measure 0 is related to questions concerning the invariant subspace structure of .

We further associate with a second set , which is defined in terms of the norm on . For example, has the property that for all if and only if has linear Lebesgue measure 0.

It turns out that a.e., by which we mean that has linear Lebesgue measure 0. We will study conditions that imply that a.e.. As one corollary to our results we will show that if dim and if there is a such that for all and all we have , then a.e. and the following four conditions are equivalent:

(1) for some ,

(2) for all , ,

(3) has nonzero Lebesgue measure,

(4) every nonzero invariant subspace of has index 1, i.e., satisfies dim .

     

An analogue of the Descartes-Euler formula for infinite graphs and Higuchi's conjecture

Let be a connected 2-manifold without boundary obtained from a (possibly infinite) collection of polygons by identifying them along edges of equal length. Let be the set of vertices, and for every , let denote the (Gaussian) curvature of : minus the sum of incident polygon angles. Descartes showed that whenever may be realized as the surface of a convex polytope in . More generally, if is made of finitely many polygons, Euler's formula is equivalent to the equation where is the Euler characteristic of . Our main theorem shows that whenever converges and there is a positive lower bound on the distance between any pair of vertices in , there exists a compact closed 2-manifold and an integer so that is homeomorphic to minus points, and further .

In the special case when every polygon is regular of side length one and for every vertex , we apply our main theorem to deduce that is made of finitely many polygons and is homeomorphic to either the 2-sphere or to the projective plane. Further, we show that unless is a prism, antiprism, or the projective planar analogue of one of these that . This resolves a recent conjecture of Higuchi.

     

Minimal polynomials and radii of elements in finite-dimensional power-associative algebras

In the first section of this paper we revisit the definition and some of the properties of the minimal polynomial of an element of a finite-dimensional power-associative algebra over an arbitrary field . Our main observation is that , the minimal polynomial of , may depend not only on , but also on the underlying algebra. More precisely, if is a subalgebra of , and if is the minimal polynomial of in , then may differ from , in which case we have .

In the second section we restrict attention to the case where is either the real or the complex numbers, and define , the radius of an element in , to be the largest root in absolute value of the minimal polynomial of . We show that possesses some of the familiar properties of the classical spectral radius. In particular, we prove that is a continuous function on .

In the third and last section, we deal with stability of subnorms acting on subsets of finite-dimensional power-associative algebras. Following a brief survey, we enhance our understanding of the subject with the help of our findings of the previous section. Our main new result states that if , a subset of an algebra , satisfies certain assumptions, and is a continuous subnorm on , then is stable on if and only if majorizes the radius defined above.

     

Geometric interplay between function subspaces and their rings of differential operators

We study, in the setting of algebraic varieties, finite-dimensional spaces of functions that are invariant under a ring of differential operators, and give conditions under which acts irreducibly. We show how this problem, originally formulated in physics, is related to the study of principal parts bundles and Weierstrass points, including a detailed study of Taylor expansions. Under some conditions it is possible to obtain and as global sections of a line bundle and its ring of differential operators. We show that several of the published examples of are of this type, and that there are many more--in particular, arising from toric varieties.

     

Serre duality for non-commutative -bundles

Let be a smooth scheme of finite type over a field , let be a locally free -bimodule of rank , and let be the non-commutative symmetric algebra generated by . We construct an internal functor, , on the category of graded right -modules. When has rank 2, we prove that is Gorenstein by computing the right derived functors of . When is a smooth projective variety, we prove a version of Serre Duality for using the right derived functors of .

     

The McMullen domain: Rings around the boundary

In this paper we show that there are infinitely many rings , around the McMullen domain in the parameter plane for the family of complex rational maps of the form where and . These rings converge to the boundary of the McMullen domain as . The rings contain parameter values that lie at the center of Sierpinski holes. That is, these parameters lie at the center of an open set in the parameter plane in which all of the corresponding maps have Julia sets that are Sierpinski curves. The rings also contain the same number of superstable parameter values, i.e., parameter values for which one of the critical points is periodic of period either or .

     

Spectral theory and hypercyclic subspaces

A vector in a Hilbert space is called hypercyclic for a bounded operator if the orbit is dense in . Our main result states that if satisfies the Hypercyclicity Criterion and the essential spectrum intersects the closed unit disk, then there is an infinite-dimensional closed subspace consisting, except for zero, entirely of hypercyclic vectors for . The converse is true even if is a hypercyclic operator which does not satisfy the Hypercyclicity Criterion. As a consequence, other characterizations are obtained for an operator to have an infinite-dimensional closed subspace of hypercyclic vectors. These results apply to most of the hypercyclic operators that have appeared in the literature. In particular, they apply to bilateral and backward weighted shifts, perturbations of the identity by backward weighted shifts, multiplication operators and composition operators. The main result also applies to the differentiation operator and the translation operator defined on certain Hilbert spaces consisting of entire functions. We also obtain a spectral characterization of the norm-closure of the class of hypercyclic operators which have an infinite-dimensional closed subspace of hypercyclic vectors.

     

Complex symmetric operators and applications II

A bounded linear operator on a complex Hilbert space is called complex symmetric if , where is a conjugation (an isometric, antilinear involution of ). We prove that , where is an auxiliary conjugation commuting with . We consider numerous examples, including the Poincaré-Neumann singular integral (bounded) operator and the Jordan model operator (compressed shift). The decomposition also extends to the class of unbounded -selfadjoint operators, originally introduced by Glazman. In this context, it provides a method for estimating the norms of the resolvents of certain unbounded operators.

     

Generalized Ahlfors functions

Let be a bordered Riemann surface with genus and boundary components. Let be a smooth family of smooth Jordan curves in which all contain the point 0 in their interior. Let and let be the family of all bounded holomorphic functions on such that and for almost every . Then there exists a smooth up to the boundary holomorphic function with at most zeros on so that for every and such that for every . If, in addition, all the curves are strictly convex, then is unique among all the functions from the family .

     

Differentiability of spectral functions for symmetric -stable processes

Let be a signed Radon measure in the Kato class and define a Schrödinger type operator on . We show that its spectral bound is differentiable if and is Green-tight.

     

A homotopy principle for maps with prescribed Thom-Boardman singularities

Let and be smooth manifolds of dimensions and ( ) respectively. Let denote an open subspace of which consists of all Boardman submanifolds of symbols with . An -regular map refers to a smooth map such that . We will prove what is called the homotopy principle for -regular maps on the existence level. Namely, a continuous section of over has an -regular map such that and are homotopic as sections.

     

Stratified transversality by isotopy

For an abstract stratified set or a -regular stratification, hence for any -, - or -regular stratification, we prove that after stratified isotopy of , a stratified subspace of , or a stratified map , can be made transverse to a fixed stratified map .

     

The complex Frobenius theorem for rough involutive structures

We establish a version of the complex Frobenius theorem in the context of a complex subbundle of the complexified tangent bundle of a manifold having minimal regularity. If the subbundle defines the structure of a Levi-flat CR-manifold, it suffices that be Lipschitz for our results to apply. A principal tool in the analysis is a precise version of the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem with parameters, for integrable almost complex structures with minimal regularity, which builds on recent work of the authors.

     

Boundary relations and their Weyl families

The concepts of boundary relations and the corresponding Weyl families are introduced. Let be a closed symmetric linear operator or, more generally, a closed symmetric relation in a Hilbert space , let be an auxiliary Hilbert space, let

and let be defined analogously. A unitary relation from the Krein space to the Krein space is called a boundary relation for the adjoint if . The corresponding Weyl family is defined as the family of images of the defect subspaces , , under . Here need not be surjective and is even allowed to be multi-valued. While this leads to fruitful connections between certain classes of holomorphic families of linear relations on the complex Hilbert space and the class of unitary relations , it also generalizes the notion of so-called boundary value space and essentially extends the applicability of abstract boundary mappings in the connection of boundary value problems. Moreover, these new notions yield, for instance, the following realization theorem: every -valued maximal dissipative (for ) holomorphic family of linear relations is the Weyl family of a boundary relation, which is unique up to unitary equivalence if certain minimality conditions are satisfied. Further connections between analytic and spectral theoretical properties of Weyl families and geometric properties of boundary relations are investigated, and some applications are given.

     

Analytic models for commuting operator tuples on bounded symmetric domains

For a domain in and a Hilbert space of analytic functions on which satisfies certain conditions, we characterize the commuting -tuples of operators on a separable Hilbert space  such that is unitarily equivalent to the restriction of to an invariant subspace, where is the operator -tuple on the Hilbert space tensor product  . For the unit disc and the Hardy space , this reduces to a well-known theorem of Sz.-Nagy and Foias; for a reproducing kernel Hilbert space on such that the reciprocal of its reproducing kernel is a polynomial in and  , this is a recent result of Ambrozie, Müller and the second author. In this paper, we extend the latter result by treating spaces for which ceases to be a polynomial, or even has a pole: namely, the standard weighted Bergman spaces (or, rather, their analytic continuation) on a Cartan domain corresponding to the parameter in the continuous Wallach set, and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces for which is a rational function. Further, we treat also the more general problem when the operator is replaced by ,  being a certain generalization of a unitary operator tuple. For the case of the spaces on Cartan domains, our results are based on an analysis of the homogeneous multiplication operators on , which seems to be of an independent interest.