基于叠氮基-氰基点击化学的苯硼酸亲和硅胶的制备及其在糖蛋白/糖肽选择性富集中的应用

硼亲和色谱法在糖肽/糖蛋白选择性富集中的应用趋于成熟。硼酸亲和材料的选择性，生物相容性，制备过程是否简便均是开发新型苯硼酸功能化材料需要考虑的问题。该研究立足硼酸亲和材料开发的关键问题，设计并开发了一种新型苯硼酸亲和硅胶（TCNBA）。该材料采用基于叠氮基-氰基的无铜催化点击化学方法进行合成，生物相容性好，制备方法简便。红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱图表征结果证明材料合成成功。TCNBA的糖肽富集选择性利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）进行评价，结果表明，TCNBA能够分别从辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）和免疫球蛋白G（IgG）酶解液中鉴定出13个和11个糖肽；以HRP和牛血清白蛋白（BSA）酶解液混合物（物质的量比1：10）作为研究对象，富集后能够鉴定出5个糖肽。TCNBA的糖蛋白富集选择性利用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（SDS-PAGE）进行评价，以HRP、IgG、核糖核酸酶B（RNaseB）作为考察对象，结果表明，TCNBA对糖蛋白具有较好的富集选择性。以实际样品人血清为测试对象验证TCNBA在实际生物样品中的应用价值。结果显示，富集后非糖蛋白得到较大程度去除，糖蛋白得以富集。所制备的材料和方法具有大规模实际蛋白质样品分离处理的应用前景。     

磷酸化肽富集新方法研究进展

对组成复杂的生物样品中的低丰度磷酸化肽进行预富集,能够消除高丰度非磷酸化肽等干扰组分,从而提高磷酸化肽在质谱分析中的灵敏度,获得更好的检出和鉴定结果.在磷酸化肽富集过程中,对磷酸化肽具有选择性亲和作用的富集材料是实现对磷酸化肽特异高效富集的关键,多种具有不同类型亲和作用的富集材料已在磷酸化肽富集研究中得到了应用;而在材料形貌、富集操作形式、磷酸化肽富集特异性等方面,研究者们也不断在现有磷酸化肽富集材料的基础上进行多样化的改进.本文分别从不同类型亲和作用的磷酸化肽富集材料以及磷酸化肽富集方法改进两方面,对近年来磷酸化肽富集方法的研究进展进行了评述.     

利用高度结构对称的共聚试剂制备高比表面积的硼亲和整体柱

硼亲和整体柱是一种能对顺式二羟基化合物进行选择性分离的重要色谱介质。然而,整体柱微结构在制备过程中难以控制。本文以分子结构高度对称的三聚氰胺和三(2,3-环氧基丙基)异氰酸酯(TEPIC)作为共聚试剂,利用“团队硼亲和”原理,采用原位聚合的方法制备了一种新型硼亲和整体柱。“团队硼亲和”的作用使该硼亲和整体柱对顺式二羟基化合物的结合pH降低至中性范围。结构高度对称的共聚试剂有效地提高了整体柱材料的比表面积,使其达80.3 m²/g,显著高于文献中报道的其它硼亲和整体柱。     

利用高度结构对称的共聚试剂制备高比表面积的硼亲和整体柱

硼亲和整体柱是一种能对顺式二羟基化合物进行选择性分离的重要色谱介质。然而,整体柱微结构在制备过程中难以控制。本文以分子结构高度对称的三聚氰胺和三(2,3-环氧基丙基)异氰酸酯(TEPIC)作为共聚试剂,利用“团队硼亲和”原理,采用原位聚合的方法制备了一种新型硼亲和整体柱。“团队硼亲和”的作用使该硼亲和整体柱对顺式二羟基化合物的结合pH降低至中性范围。结构高度对称的共聚试剂有效地提高了整体柱材料的比表面积,使其达80.3 m²/g,显著高于文献中报道的其它硼亲和整体柱。     

亲和膜色谱技术研究进展

对一种崭新的生物大分子分离技术－－亲和膜色谱技术做了全面的评述,介绍了亲和膜色谱分离的过程,评价了亲和膜基质材料活化、改性方法、给出了配基间隔臂的选择原则,概括了亲和膜色谱理论研究的进展,并对亲和膜色谱技术进行了展望。     

用于N-糖肽/糖蛋白分离富集的新型材料

蛋白质糖基化在调节各种复杂的生物过程中,如分子识别、免疫应答和蛋白质折叠等起着至关重要的作用。由于糖肽/糖蛋白在复杂生物样品或临床样品中丰度较低,进行糖蛋白组学分析前往往需要进行目标蛋白的分离富集。研究开发具有高效糖蛋白分离富集能力的新型材料对糖蛋白/糖肽的研究具有重要意义。近年来报道了许多新型糖蛋白分离富集材料,如有机高分子材料、生物基材料、新型有机骨架材料和新型功能复合材料等。这些材料因其结构、生物相容性和理化性质等特点,从不同层面推动了糖蛋白分离富集技术的发展。本文就目前国内外有关糖肽/糖蛋白分离富集的新型材料进行了总结和讨论,并对其未来发展提出展望。     

多孔有机骨架材料对顺式二醇化合物富集分离的研究进展

基于在碱性环境下硼酸能与顺式二醇化合物可逆共价结合形成稳定的五元或六元环酯,而在酸性环境下环酯开环释放顺式二醇化合物这一特性,设计合成高效、高选择性、高富集性能的硼亲和材料的研究备受关注。近年来,许多研究工作者合成了各种类型的硼亲和材料,应用于高选择性富集顺式二醇化合物。金属有机骨架(MOFs)和共价有机骨架(COFs)由于具有孔径可调、高孔隙率、高比表面积、骨架结构可调和化学及热稳定性良好等特点,被广泛应用于色谱分离和样品前处理领域。为赋予MOFs和COFs材料对顺式二醇化合物的富集选择性,各种不同结构和不同种类的硼酸修饰的MOFs和COFs被合成出来。该综述主要是对近几年来80余篇源于科学引文索引关于硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的种类、合成方法及其应用文章的总结,包括“金属配体-片段共组装”“合成后修饰”和“自下而上”的硼酸功能化多孔材料的修饰策略,以及硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的种类,介绍了其在化学分析和生物分析领域的发展概况和应用前景,客观评价了硼酸功能化MOFs和COFs的区别和优缺点。该文旨在让研究人员能够充分了解近几年硼酸功能化多孔有机骨架材料的研究现状、掌握合成思路和方法,为其应用提供一定的理论指导和技术支撑,为加快硼酸功能化多孔有机骨架材料的商业化脚步贡献绵薄之力。     

埃洛石纳米管在分离富集中的应用

埃洛石纳米管(Halloysite Nanotubes,HNTs)是一种天然的纳米管状材料,具有对环境友好、生物相容性好、细胞毒性小等特点,近年来该材料得到了广泛的应用。HNTs是生物相容性较好的"绿色"材料,成本低、来源广等优点使其成为制备生物复合材料中的添加剂,而且HNTs具有的空腔结构、表面电荷性质及表面吸附性为重金属离子、染料分子、有机分子等的分离富集提供有利条件。另外,HNTs及其衍生的生物复合材料在循环肿瘤细胞的富集上得到应用。为了更好地了解和利用埃洛石纳米管,本文介绍了埃洛石纳米管的物理化学性能,以及HNTs在分离富集、活性分子的载运与控制释放等方面的应用进展,并对埃洛石纳米管的发展及应用前景进行展望。     

水溶性硼酸亲和富集材料的制备及基于酶联免疫吸附法检测人肝微粒体糖蛋白的应用

生物样品中的糖蛋白丰度低,且在检测中易受到其它非糖蛋白的抑制和干扰,需在分析检测前对糖蛋白进行富集,但常规的基于固相材料的糖蛋白富集方法不易与生物技术中最经典的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)兼容.本研究以树枝状聚合物PAMAM 4.0为载体, 结合硼酸亲和技术,制备了新型水溶性硼酸亲和富集材料(DBC),并将其应用于基于ELISA的人肝微粒体中糖蛋白的检测.采用标准糖蛋白对DBC富集条件进行优化,然后考察其灵敏度和抗干扰能力,将优化后的方法应用于复杂样品人肝微粒体糖蛋白富集.结果表明,DBC对糖蛋白的富集选择性可高达100000倍,可将糖蛋白的富集信号提高100倍.以DBC为富集材料,与ELISA分析技术相结合,只需一步简单的孵育,即可实现生物样品中糖蛋白的高灵敏度、高选择性检测,为疾病相关的糖蛋白组学研究提供了一种有效的检测手段.     

高容量硼酸亲和磁性纳米粒子的制备及其在邻羟基生物分子富集中的应用

硼亲和吸附法是分离富集邻羟基物质的重要方法。为提高吸附剂的吸附容量,本研究采用聚乙烯亚胺修饰磁性纳米粒子,增加粒子表面引发剂的密度,再通过表面引发原子转移自由基聚合法(SI-ATRP)将3-丙烯酰基苯硼酸原位聚合在纳米粒子表面,制备了一种高密度聚合物分子刷型的硼酸亲和磁性纳米粒子吸附剂。采用磁性分散固相萃取法对非邻羟基和邻羟基物质的混合液进行富集,发现此吸附剂对邻羟基小分子和生物大分子具有良好的吸附特异性;采用吸附等温线法测定了吸附剂的吸附容量,发现此吸附剂对邻苯二酚、腺苷和卵清蛋白的吸附容量分别为(151±32)μmol/g、(123±18)μmol/g和1.5μmol/g,远高于传统吸附剂的吸附容量。采用所制备的硼酸亲和磁性纳米粒子对尿液中4种核苷和蛋清中的糖蛋白进行萃取,结果表明,此吸附剂能够有效去除生物样品中的干扰物,且对核苷具有较高的萃取回收率(83.8%~108.7%,RSD15%),对糖蛋白有特异性富集作用,说明此吸附剂在生物样品的选择性富集中具有良好应用潜能。     

Off-line hyphenation of boronate affinity monolith-based extraction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for efficient analysis of glycoproteins/glycopeptides

Boronate affinity materials have attracted increasing attentions as sample enrichment platforms for glycoproteomic analysis in recent years. However, most of the boronate affinity materials that have already employed for proteomic analysis are suffering from apparent disadvantages, such as alkaline pH for binding, weak affinity, and relatively poor selectivity. Benzoboroxoles are a unique class of boronic acids which have showed excellent binding properties for the recognition of cis-diol-containing compounds. Recently, a 3-carboxy-benzoboroxole-functionalized monolithic column had been reported and it had exhibited the best selectivity and affinity as well as the lowest binding pH among all reported boronate affinity monolithic columns. In this study, an off-line hyphenation of this boronate affinity monolithic column-based extraction with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was developed and the powerfulness of this hyphenated approach in the analysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides in complex samples was investigated. The approach was first applied to the analysis of glycopeptides in the tryptic digest of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Totally 22 glycopeptides were identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best performance among all the boronic acid-functionalized materials. We further employed this approach to the analysis of intact proteins in human saliva. Totally 6 intact glycoproteins were successfully identified. As comparison, when the samples were analyzed without extraction, only a few glycopeptides were identified from the tryptic digest of HRP while no glycoproteins were found from the saliva samples.     

The preparation of high-capacity boronate affinity adsorbents by surface initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization for the enrichment of ribonucleosides in serum

Boronate affinity adsorption is uniquely selective for cis-diol-containing molecules. The preparation and application of boronate affinity materials has attracted much attention in recent years. In this work, a high-capacity boronate affinity adsorbent was prepared by surface-initiated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-RAFT). Commercial aminated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres were modified with the chain transfer agent (CTA) S-1-dodecyl-S-(α,α-dimethyl-α-acetic acid)trithiocarbonate (DDATC). Boronate-affinity adsorbents were then prepared via SI-RAFT polymerization employing 3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA) as the monomer. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nitrogen adsorption and desorption measurements have proven the successful grafting of AAPBA on PGMA microspheres surface. The boronate affinity adsorbents thus prepared possess much higher adsorption capacity (99.2 µmol/g of adenosine) and both faster adsorption and desorption speed towards ribonucleosides, the adsorption and desorption could be completed in 2 min. The high selectivity of the adsorbents to ribonucleosides was verified in the presence of a large excess of deoxynucleosides. The boronate affinity adsorbents were then employed for sample pretreatment before HPLC analysis of ribonucleosides in serum. The ribonucleosides were effectively enriched by boronate affinity dispersive solid-phase extraction (BA-DSPE), with high mass recoveries and good precision. The simultaneous determination of uridine and guanosine in calf serum was achieved by utilizing the standard addition method, their contents were determined to be 170 ± 11.6 ng/mL and 39.6 ± 4.4 ng/mL respectively. The results proved that the prepared boronate affinity materials could be applied for sample pretreatment of cis-diol containing molecules in biological samples.     

Boronate functionalised polymer monoliths for microscale affinity chromatography

Novel macroporous monolithic stationary phase materials suitable for microscale boronate affinity chromatography were developed.     

BORONIC ACIDS AS LIGANDS FOR AFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY

 A review on the principles and applications of boronic acids as affinity ligands for the chromatographic separation of carbohydrates, nucleic acid components, glycoproteins, and other small biomolecules. The mechanisms of interactions between boronate ligands and analytes are described. Various boronate ligands and supports are discussed. Examples of the use of boronate affinity chromatography for separation of each class of analytes are presented.     

Preparation of a boronate-functionalized affinity hybrid monolith for specific capture of glycoproteins

A novel strategy for preparation of a boronate affinity hybrid monolith was developed using a Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction of an alkyne–boronate ligand with an azide-functionalized monolithic intermediate. An azide-functionalized hybrid monolith was first synthesized via a single-step procedure to provide reactive sites for click chemistry; then the alkyne–boronate ligands were covalently immobilized on the azide-functionalized hybrid monolith via an in-column CuAAC reaction to form a boronate affinity hybrid monolith under mild conditions. The boronate affinity monolith was characterized and evaluated by means of elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The boronate affinity hybrid monolith exhibited excellent specificity toward nucleosides and glycoproteins, which were chosen as test cis-diol-containing compounds under neutral conditions. The binding capacity of the monolith for the glycoprotein ovalbumin was 2.36 mg?·?g^-1 at pH 7.0. The practicability of the boronate affinity hybrid monolithic material was demonstrated by specific capture of the glycoproteins ovalbumin and ovotransferrin from an egg sample.

Boronate Affinity Monolith with a Gold Nanoparticle‐Modified Hydrophilic Polymer as a Matrix for the Highly Specific Capture of Glycoproteins

As low abundance is the great obstacle for glycoprotein analysis, the development of materials with high efficiency and selectivity for glycoprotein enrichment is a prerequisite in glycoproteome research. Herein, we report a new kind of hydrophilic boronate affinity monolith by attaching 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA) with 2‐mercaptoethylamine (MPA) on the gold nanoparticle‐modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐co‐poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate)) monolith for glycoprotein enrichment. With poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as the cross‐linker and the further modification of gold nanoparticles, the matrix has advantages of good hydrophilicity and enhanced surface area, which are beneficial to improve the enrichment selectivity and efficiency for glycoproteins. The attachment of MPBA and MPA provide intramolecular B?N coordination, which could further enhance the specificity of glycoprotein capture. Such a boronate affinity monolith was applied to enrich horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from the mixture of HRP and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and high selectivity was obtained even at a mass ratio of 1:1000. In addition, the binding capacity of ovalbumin on such monolith reached 390 μg g^?1. Furthermore, the average recovery of HRP on the prepared affinity monoliths was (84.8±1.9) %, obtained in three times enrichment with the same column. Finally, the boronate affinity monolith was successfully applied for the human‐plasma glycoproteome analysis. As a result, 160 glycoproteins were credibly identified from 9 μg of human plasma, demonstrating the great potential of such a monolith for large‐scale glycoproteome research.     

基于巯基-烯点击反应制备有机-无机杂化硼酸亲和整体柱用于糖蛋白的选择性富集

发展了以巯基-烯点击反应制备有机-无机杂化硼酸亲和整体柱的新方法。首先以四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)和巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTMS)作为反应单体,采用溶胶-凝胶反应制备表面含巯基的硅胶整体柱。然后利用巯基-烯(thiol-ene)的点击反应在整体柱上修饰硼酸配基3-丙烯酰胺基苯硼酸(AAPBA),制成AAPBA-硅胶杂化亲和整体柱。对影响硼酸亲和整体柱性能的条件如TMOS与MPTMS的比例、聚乙二醇和甲醇的用量等进行了优化。并采用扫描电镜、红外光谱等分析仪器对整体柱形貌和机械稳定性能进行了表征。研究了AAPBA-硅胶杂化亲和整体柱的分离性能,结果表明,其在中性条件下对含有顺式二醇的生物小分子核苷具有良好的特异亲和能力,并已成功地应用于卵清蛋白、辣根过氧化物酶等糖蛋白的分离。基于巯基-烯反应的制备方法新颖、可靠,可用于制备多种不同类型的硼酸亲和整体柱,具有较大的应用前景。