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复合分子筛催化微晶纤维素水解 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用水热晶化法制备了HY/ZSM-5复合分子筛。通过XRD、SEM、N2-吸附脱附、NH3-TPD及吡啶吸附红外光谱等手段表征催化剂的结构和性质。结果表明,HY与HZSM-5复合后HY型分子筛完全被HZSM-5紧密包裹,形成致密的核壳结构。与机械混合物相比,复合分子筛微孔比表面积及孔体积均有所减少,总酸量略高,弱酸量小,而强酸量大,Br9nsted酸量与之相似,而Lewis酸量有所减少。将所制备的HY/ZSM-5复合分子筛催化剂应用于以离子液体氯化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓([Emim]Cl)为溶剂的纤维素水解反应中,与HY催化的纤维素水解相比,HY/ZSM-5催化纤维素水解反应获得的最佳葡萄糖收率由28.04%提高到38.78%,葡萄糖选择性由28.91%提高至48.29%。 相似文献
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1问题的指出 高中教材中有关纤维素水解的演示实验,需要较长时间的加热,按照课本说明约需15min之外。在课堂教学中用近20 min做一个操作较简单的实验是不合适的。如何缩短实验时间,就成了提高教学效率的重要问题。 相似文献
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纤维素水解实验比较难做的主要因素有 2个 ;一是水解时间过长 ,二是水解液的碱化终点不好判断。笔者经过反复研究 ,发现了一种仅用 4min就足以完成这一包括水解—中和—检测 3个环节的实验方法。现提供给大家 ,供同行们参考。1 实验方法(1)水解液的制备①取少许药棉 (即脱脂棉 )用水润湿 ,挤出水分并捻成一团后松开约黄豆粒大小 ,装入试管。②向试管中注入 2mL浓H2 SO4 并用力振荡试管使液体呈无色粘稠状。把试管放进沸水中浴热(预先备好沸水浴装置 )。③大约 1min ,液体表层微显亮棕色 (表层以下的液体仍呈无色粘稠状 )。此时… 相似文献
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磁性碳基磺酸化固体酸催化剂的制备及其催化水解纤维素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以纤维素和硝酸铁为原料,发烟硫酸为磺酸化试剂,采用热解法合成了磁性碳基磺酸化固体酸催化剂(Fe/C-SO3H).利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,评价了催化剂在纤维素水解反应中的催化活性.结果表明,Fe是以γ-Fe2O3的形式存在于碳本体中,催化剂呈现超顺磁性.对于纤维素的水解反应,在优化条件下,纤维素的转化率可达40.6%.此外,催化剂可稳定分散于反应体系中,并在外加磁场作用下可快速与反应体系分离.但催化剂重复使用时催化活性有所下降,其失活原因经初步认定是由于表面部分磺酸基团在反应过程中脱落. 相似文献
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合成了8种基于Mo8O26的钼多金属氧酸盐,采用红外(FT-IR)和核磁共振(NMR)对其结构进行表征,并将其应用于催化纤维素水解。以离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([Amim]Cl)为溶剂进行微晶纤维素(MCC)水解反应,考察催化剂及其用量、反应温度、反应时间等条件对水解反应的影响。研究结果表明,本文所制备的钼多金属氧酸盐对微晶纤维素水解反应均具有较好的催化活性。在微波辅助加热条件下,当催化剂[(CH3)4N]4Mo8O26用量为10 wt%,在170 ℃反应20 min时,纤维素可完全转化,微晶纤维素TRS和葡萄糖收率最高分别为84.5% 和41.5 %。 相似文献
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合成了一种含有谷氨酸残基的长链烷基表面活性剂Nα-十二烷基-L-谷氨酸. 研究了表面活性剂所形成的胶束体系在较温和条件下催化纤维素模型物甲基-β-D-纤维二糖苷(MCB)水解的反应. 研究表明此功能胶束对MCB水解为葡萄糖的反应在较低的温度(90℃)下就表现出明显的催化作用, 在pH 5.0附近具有最佳的催化水解效果.根据胶束催化的相分离模型获得MCB水解的一级反应速率常数(km).研究了胶束与组氨酸(His)或谷氨酸(Glu)所组成的复配体系对MCB的催化水解作用. 结果表明: 氨基酸小分子的加入极大地促进了水解反应的进行, 而胶束与氨基酸在1:1的摩尔浓度配比时催化效果最好. 温度对水解反应速率以及副产物的产生有明显的影响. 在130℃, pH 5.0的水溶液中, 胶束与谷氨酸的复配体系催化MCB水解反应1.5 h后的葡萄糖收率可达到36.6%. 本文也对此催化体系催化MCB水解反应动力学进行了研究, 获得了催化反应的表观一级速率常数(kobsd), 计算得到催化水解反应生成葡萄糖的活化能(Ea)为97.18 kJ·mol-1. 相似文献
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Ph. D. Nikolay Tarabanko Prof. Valery E. Tarabanko Ph. D. Sergey V. Kukhtetskiy Prof. Oxana P. Taran 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(5):706-718
Solid acid catalysts of cellulose hydrolysis in aqueous media attract considerable research interest because of the ease of their separation from the reaction products. The nature of interaction between the two solids is a relevant topic of ongoing research. One aspect of behavior of solid acids in water was not previously discussed in literature with regard to hydrolysis of cellulose: electrolytic dissociation and formation of electric double layers. In this work, on theoretical level, we consider the role of the double layer created by the solid acid when cellulose hydrolysis takes place. The diffuse layer of protons is regarded as the medium where the hydrolysis reaction occurs. Protonation of cellulose by these protons imparts positive charge onto its surface, and cellulose is electrostatically attracted to the polyanion of the catalyst. Thus, the two solid surfaces stay close to each other despite Brownian motion; this allows explaining the high activity of solid catalysts even when chemisorption of carbohydrates on a catalyst is not favorable. 相似文献
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Lipase from Rhizomucor miehei was entrap-immobilized on cellulose acetate-TiO2 gel fiber by the sol-gel method. This fiber-immobilized lipase was stable in a phosphate buffer solution and easy to handle. The enantioselective hydrolysis of 1,2-diacetoxypropane catalyzed by this immobilized lipase could be performed in buffer solution unlike the lipase immobilized on an alginate matrices. The enantioselectivity was improved in presence of this fiber-immobilized lipase compared with the hydrolysis catalyzed by the native lipase. This finding indicates that the active site structure of lipase immobilized on fiber was retained to some extent, though the enzyme conformation may become flexible in presence of water. We also compared the properties of this fiber-immobilized lipase with native lipase and commercially available immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei, viz., Lipozyme. 相似文献
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纤维素催化转化为高附加值化学品的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Currently,under huge pressure from energy demands and environmental problems,much attention is being paid to biomass conversion,which will play an important role in meeting the requirements for a sustainable society.As the most abundant biomass on earth, cellulose is usually used as the first research target for biomass conversion.In this review,the recalcitrant structure of cellulose is discussed and non-catalytic hydrolysis by hot-compressed water and catalytic hydrolysis using solid acids are then considered.We also review the catalytic conversion of cellulose into valuable chemicals including hexitols(sorbitol and mannitol),ethylene glycol,and related compounds using various heterogeneous catalysts. 相似文献
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以纳米微晶纤维素(NCC)为模板剂,采用酸催化水解法制备了球形介孔TiO2(SP-TiO2).并采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和低温N2吸附-脱附等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,所制SP-TiO2为直径100~200nm的规整球形颗粒,单个球形颗粒由粒径为10~20nm的TiO2小晶粒组成.其介孔孔径为8.2~13.5nm,且随焙烧温度的升高而增大.NCC长链结构之间羟基键合所形成的狭小空间构成的微反应器,可有效限制TiO2前驱体的生长和团聚,诱导其晶粒自组装成球形结构,并抑制由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变.600oC焙烧的SP-TiO2表现出最高的光催化活性,对苯酚降解率达89%. 相似文献
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离子液体[BMIM]Cl预处理对微晶纤维素酶解的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以微晶纤维素为研究对象, 设计了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [BMIM]Cl)预处理微晶纤维素Avicel的实验方法以实现纤维素的高效酶解糖化. 在[BMIM]Cl中Avicel完全溶解, 经水洗沉淀得到再生纤维素, 回收后的离子液体可重复利用. 预处理后底物酶解的可溶性糖转化率在24 h时高达94.65%, 较之同样条件下未经预处理底物的酶解糖转化率(48.57%)有飞跃性提升. 进一步考察了离子液体预处理对纤维素结构及形态的影响, 结果表明: [BMIM]Cl预处理后Avicel氢键减弱; 结晶度明显下降, 结晶型态由纤维素I型转变为纤维素II型; 由规整的平行排布转变为疏松有孔的无序形貌. 正是离子液体预处理引起的纤维素微观与宏观结构性质的显著改变使得再生后纤维素酶解的可溶性糖转化率大幅提高. 相似文献
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Weak‐Acid Sites Catalyze the Hydrolysis of Crystalline Cellulose to Glucose in Water: Importance of Post‐Synthetic Functionalization of the Carbon Surface
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Dr. Anh The To Dr. Po‐Wen Chung Prof. Dr. Alexander Katz 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(38):11050-11053
The direct hydrolysis of crystalline cellulose to glucose in water without prior pretreatment enables the transformation of biomass into fuels and chemicals. To understand which features of a solid catalyst are most important for this transformation, the nanoporous carbon material MSC‐30 was post‐synthetically functionalized by oxidation. The most active catalyst depolymerized crystalline cellulose without prior pretreatment in water, providing glucose in an unprecedented 70 % yield. In comparison, virtually no reaction was observed with MSC‐30, even when the reaction was conducted in aqueous solution at pH 2. As no direct correlations between the activity of this solid–solid reaction and internal‐site characteristics, such as the β‐glu adsorption capacity and the rate of catalytic hydrolysis of adsorbed β‐glu strands, were observed, contacts of the external surface with the cellulose crystal are thought to be key for the overall efficiency. 相似文献