纳米二氧化钛的水热法制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

分别在盐酸和冰醋酸溶液中水解钛酸四正丁酯,得到前驱体,通过水热法制备锐钛矿型二氧化钛纳米晶体.以纳米二氧化钛为电子传输体组装染料敏化电池,通过XRDI、CP、DRS、TEM、SEM和电池的光电性能测试,研究制备的二氧化钛对电池光电性能的影响.结果表明,水热反应温度对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能有较大影响,在有机酸介质中制备的二氧化钛具有较高的光电转换效率.     

双面进光太阳能电池透明对电极研究进展

近年来,太阳能电池（包括染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池）因其成本低、质量轻、效率高受到研究人员的广泛关注.双面进光太阳能电池是太阳光能通过光阳极以及透明对电极同时入射的器件,是近年来扩宽太阳能电池光利用率及能效以达到提高器件光电性能的主要手段,其中透明对电极的性能直接影响器件的背面进光效率,因此研究对电极对提高双面进光太阳能电池光电转化效率十分必要.本文针对传统对电极透光性低,成本高,光利用率低等问题,与双面进光的高光电转换效率以及低成本等特点对比,综合分析了透明对电极材料的选择及界面修饰改性等对双面进光染料敏化、量子点敏化及钙钛矿太阳能电池光电性能的影响及其应用前景.     

不同结构的氧化钛纳米金复合薄膜的光伏特性

具有表面等离子体共振效应的金属和氧化物复合纳米结构被应用在染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）中以提高电池的光电转换效率,金属纳米粒子和氧化物薄膜的复合结构对于等离子体共振器件在电池上的效果有巨大的影响. 我们研究了不同氧化钛薄膜和纳米金复合体系（纳米金分别修饰在氧化钛薄膜的表面和下表面）的光电转换效果,其中当纳米金修饰在氧化钛薄膜表面时薄膜的紫外可见吸收增加最大. 然而,经过染料敏化之后,该体系的光电转换效率比未修饰的薄膜有所降低,而纳米金修饰在氧化钛薄膜下表面时,光电转换效率比未修饰时提高了37%,同时入射单色光子-电子转化效率（IPCE）也有相应提高. 为了进一步研究纳米金在复合薄膜中的作用,我们引入了TiO₂-Au-TiO₂的三明治体系,该体系的光电转换效率比未修饰的参比氧化钛薄膜仍有所提高. 上述研究结果表明等离子体共振器件的结构设计对于染料敏化太阳能电池的改善具有重要意义. 同时,我们对于纳米金的等离子体共振效应做了离散偶极子近似（Dipole Discrete Approximation）模拟计算,其结果支持了实验数据. 该研究对于未来太阳能电池中表面等离子体共振器件的设计具有一定指导意义.     

温度对多硫电解质及量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

采用电化学的方法研究了温度对多硫电解质导电性能及量子点敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高,电解质的电导率逐步升高,多硫离子在电解质中的扩散阻力变小;另外,随着温度的升高,量子点敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率逐渐降低,这主要是由于在较高的温度下,电池的暗反应逐渐增大和量子点的脱附引起的.     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO₂光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率（30%）,引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池（p型和p-n型叠层器件）的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。     

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池研究进展

基于p型光电极的染料敏化太阳能电池是一种受到广泛关注的新型太阳能电池。根据电池的结构不同可以将其分为p型和p-n叠层型染料敏化太阳能电池。其中p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的理论光电效率可以达到43%,高于传统的基于n型TiO_2光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池理论效率(30%),引起了科学界的高度关注。本文将总结基于p型光电极染料敏化太阳能电池(p型和p-n型叠层器件)的研究成果,重点介绍用于p型和p-n型叠层染料敏化太阳能电池的电极材料,染料及电解质的研究进展;同时总结目前该类电池发展中亟需解决的问题以及进一步提高器件效率的途径。     

基于二级结构TiO_2纳米晶光阳极的高效染料敏化太阳能电池

本文报道了一种新型的二级结构TiO2纳米晶(nano-TiO2)光阳极的简单制备方法及其在高效染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用.通过添加适量TiCl4异丙醇溶液到传统nano-TiO2浆料中,可生成微米级nano-TiO2聚集体.该二级结构能有效提高光阳极光谱吸收和散射性能及电子传输和收集效率.基于这种结构光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能有显著提高.在光阳极中将6μm厚传统nano-TiO2膜用相同厚度nano-TiO2聚集体替换,电池光电转换效率由5.03%提高到7.30%.进一步增加nano-TiO2聚集体的厚度能制备出更高光电转换效率的电池.     

钙钛矿太阳能电池中吸收层的研究进展

钙钛矿太阳能电池因具有成本低、制备容易和光电性能优异等突出特点受到了广泛关注.钙钛矿太阳能电池能量转化效率已从2009年的3.8%提升到2019年的25.2%.我们在文中重点总结了钙钛矿电池吸收层的制备工艺,掺杂和晶体组成、结构调控方面取得的重要进展,以及这些突破对电池效率提高的贡献,同时也提出了钙钛矿太阳能电池发展仍需要解决的问题.     

卟啉化合物在有机染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用研究

卟啉化合物具有共轭的平面结构、良好的电子缓冲性和光电磁性,特别在可见光区和近红外区域具有优越的光捕获特性。近年来,卟啉类化合物以其优异的特性在有机太阳能电池领域,尤其是染料敏化太阳能电池中得到了广泛的应用研究。人们通过对卟啉分子进行改性来提高相应的太阳能电池效率,比如增加分子的共轭度、在分子上引入长烷基链、引入功能化小...     

有序宏孔-介孔TiO_2薄膜的制备及其在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

我们使用表面活性剂P123和聚苯乙烯球双模板技术,合成了多级有序的宏孔/介孔TiO2薄膜,并将其与P25多孔薄膜复合形成双层结构的染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极.实验结果表明,宏孔/介孔TiO2薄膜层的引入,有效地提高了光阳极对太阳光的散射以及捕获能力,从而提高了染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率.与使用单一P25光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池相比,双层TiO2结构的染料敏化太阳能电池所产生的短路光电流密度从7.49上升到了10.65mA/cm2,开路电压也从0.65提高到了0.70V.在太阳光强度为AM1.5时所测得的光电转化效率表明,双层TiO2结构的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率为5.55%,比单层P25结构的染料敏化太阳能电池的光电转化效率提升了83%.     

Recent Progress on Semi-transparent Perovskite Solar Cell for Building-integrated Photovoltaics

The electricity consumption of buildings is tremendous; moreover, a huge amount of electricity is lost during distribution. Taking away this consumption can significantly reduce energy demand and greenhouse effect gas emission. One of the low-cost and renewable solutions to this issue is to install photovoltaic panels on the buildings themselves, namely, building-integrated photovoltaics(BIPVs). Using this technology, power generation roofs, windows, and facades can harvest solar radiation and convert to electricity for building power consumption. Semi-transparent perovskite solar cells(ST-PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention for the power generation windows, due to the excellent photoelectric properties, versatile fabrication methods, bandgap tunability, and flexibility. Here, an overview is provided on the recent progress of ST-PSCs for BIPV, which mainly focuses on the control of perovskite morphology, optical engineering for an efficient and semi-transparent ST-PSC. We also summarize recent development on various transparent electrodes and present prospects and challenges for the commercialization of ST-PSCs.     

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Based on a Blend of Hyperbranched Poly(aryl-ether-urethane) Electrolyte with TiO2 Nanoparticles

Hyperbranched poly(aryl-ether-urethane) is reported in this work as an efficient polymer electrolyte for photovoltaic application. Along with KI and I₂ as redox carriers in nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC), this polymer yielded an overall conversion efficiency of 4.1%, upon illumination with visible light. The fabricated cell results in stable device performing under thermal stress maintaining about 70% of its initial value for 2 days in the direct atmosphere without sealing.     

有机太阳能电池材料研究新进展

介绍了有机太阳能电池研究的背景、基本原理、分类,并对有机太阳能电池材料进行了全面综述,包括小分子太阳能电池材料、大分子太阳能电池材料、D-A体系材料和有机无机杂化体系材料.     

Recent Progress and Emerging Applications of Rare Earth Doped Phosphor Materials for Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Although the efficiency of Dye‐sensitized and Perovskite solar cell is still below the performance level of market dominance silicon solar cells, in last few years they have grabbed significant attention because of their fabrication ease using low‐cost materials, and henceforth these cells are considered as a promising alternative to commercial photovoltaic devices. However, third generation solar cells have significant absorption in the visible region of solar spectrum, which confines their power conversion efficiency. Subsequently, the performance of current photovoltaics is significantly hampered by the transmission loss of sub‐band‐gap photons. To overcome these issues, rare earth doped luminescent materials is the favorable route followed to convert these transmitted sub‐band‐gap photons into above‐band‐gap light, where solar cells typically have significant light‐scattering effects. Moreover, the rare earth based down/up conversion material facilitates the improvement in sensitization, light‐scattering and device stability of these devices. This review provides insight into the application of various down/up conversion materials for Dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cell applications. Additionally, the paper discusses the techniques to improve the photovoltaic performance in terms of current density and photo voltage in detail.     

Linkage position influences of anthracene and tricyanovinyl groups on the opto-electrical and photovoltaic properties of anthracene-based organic small molecules

Anthracene-based small molecules incorporating an electron accepting tricyanovinyl (TCV) group was prepared to investigate the linkage position influences of the anthracene and TCV groups on the opto-electrical and photovoltaic properties of the molecules. The maximum absorptions of the anthracene-based molecules incorporating the TCV group at the phenyl group of the triphenylamine unit (TCV-TpaA_9,10T, TCV-TpaTA_9,10T, and TCV-TpaA_2,6T) or at the thiophene unit (TpaA_9,10T-TCV, TpaTA_9,10T-TCV, and TpaA_2,6T-TCV) were found to be dependent on the linkage position of the anthracene unit. The HOMO energy levels of the molecules containing TCV group at the phenyl group of the triphenylamine unit were deeper than those of the molecules containing TCV group at the thiophene unit. The solution processed small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) prepared with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TCV-TpaA_9,10T or TCV-TpaA_2,6T or TpaA_2,6T-TCV:PC₇₁BM (2:1 wt %)/LiF/Al exhibited a maximum energy conversion efficiency of 1.04%, 1.67%, and 1.95%, respectively, under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm⁻²).     

Design a thieno[3,2-b]thiophene bridged nonfullerene acceptor to increase open-circuit voltage,short-circuit current-density and fill factor via the ternary strategy

In this study, we report a new small molecule acceptor (named TT-4F) which uses 3,6-dimethoxylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene (TT) as the π-bridge. Addition of 0.05 weight ratio amount of TT-4F into the host binary blend of PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F, resulting in a ternary blend in a weight ratio of 1:1:0.05, enables increased open-circuit voltage (V_oc), short-circuit current-density (J_sc), and fill-factor (FF) at the same time. Finally, 12.1% efficiency is obtained. Compared to the 3-(2-ethylhexyloxylthiophene) bridge on IEICO-4F, the additional methoxyl group on the TT-6 position is involved in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the larger π-system on TT increases the electron-donating nature, both of which help to raise the LUMO level, one reason of the increased V_oc. Upon addition of 0.05 TT-4F, the hole mobility is increased, the monomolecular recombination is reduced, and the charge dissociation and collection is enhanced. All of these contribute to the increased J_sc and FF.     

吸电子基团修饰的三联噻吩及其对纳晶TiO2电极的敏化

设计合成了吸电子基团(2氰-基-2-羧基乙烯基)修饰的三联噻吩3T-CCV,研究了它的光物理和光电化学性质.密度泛函计算证明,3T-CCV受光激发可有效地发生分子内电荷分离.研究表明,在模拟太阳光AM1.5(70 mW/cm²)照射下,以3T-CCV作为光敏剂的纳晶TiO₂太阳电池的光电转换效率达到3.25%.     

Electrochemical impedance characterization and photovoltaic performance of N719 dye‐sensitized solar cells using quaternized ammonium iodide containing polyfluorene electrolyte solutions

This study develops a series of titanium oxide electrode‐based N719 dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using quaternized ammonium iodide containing main‐chain and star‐shaped polyfluorene (MPF‐E and SPF‐E) electrolyte solutions. The electrochemical impedance and photovoltaic properties of the polyfluorene electrolyte‐based DSSCs were studied and compared to those of the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte‐based DSSCs. As with the PEO electrolyte‐based DSSCs, the recombination impedance increased with increase in the polymer content for the MPF‐E electrolyte‐based DSSCs, whereas the photovoltaic performance did otherwise. Nevertheless, the reduction in the photovoltaic properties was not significant for the SPF‐E electrolyte‐based DSSCs. The electrochemical impedance and photovoltaic properties of the different polymer‐based DSSCs are also discussed as a function of the polymer concentration. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.