氧杂环丁烷的合成

氧杂环丁烷作为一类饱和四元环醚类化合物,不仅是重要的有机合成中间体,也是天然和合成的具有抗癌、抗HIV、抑制谷氨酰胺合成酶等多种生物或药物活性化合物分子结构中的重要活性单元.因此,发展氧杂环丁烷骨架的有效合成方法非常重要.本文以分子内形成C—C键的环化反应、分子内形成C—O键的Williamson醚化反应、烯烃和醛酮[...     

富氮唑环类化合物的环加成合成研究进展

富氮唑环类化合物作为一种重要的氮杂环化合物,在药物化学、生物耦合、材料化学等领域有广阔的应用前景,其环加成合成的研究也越来越受人们的关注.从催化体系类型、合成不同取代类型产物等方面对近年来富氮唑环类化合物环加成合成方法的研究进展进行综述.     

芳杂环亚胺类化合物的研究进展

芳杂环亚胺类化合物因其特有的C=N键,具有很强的生物活性,在医药、材料、农业和染料等领域应用十分广泛。芳杂环亚胺类化合物也是一类重要有机中间体,可以发生还原、加成、环氧化等众多有机反应,更是杂环合成中的重要前体之一。本文围绕着芳杂环亚胺类化合物的种类、应用和国内外研究进展进行综述,为日后合成芳杂环亚胺类化合物提供一定参考。     

硅杂四元环化合物的合成和反应

硅杂四元环化合物在有机硅化学中是一类非常重要的小分子环系化合物, 广泛应用于有机化学、金属有机化学以及材料化学. 环上只含有一个硅原子的硅杂环丁烷可以通过γ-卤代丙基硅烷的Grignard反应、Si＝C键与烯烃的 [2＋2]环加成反应以及硅杂环丙烷的扩环反应合成, 环上只含有一个硅原子的硅杂环丁烯可以通过格氏试剂或锂试剂参与的Si—C键的关环反应、硅杂环丁烷的转化反应、硅卡宾对C—H键的插入反应、Si＝C键与炔烃的[2＋2]环加成反应以及二炔基硅烷的分子内成环反应等途径合成. 硅杂环丁烷和硅杂环丁烯由于存在环张力和具有一定的Lewis酸性, 能够通过扩环反应生成五元和六元含硅杂环化合物, 也能够通过开环反应生成不同结构的有机硅分子和聚合物, 抑或实现有机反应在温和条件下的转化.     

杂环光化学——Ⅱ.核酸碱基衍生物与碳-碳叁键光环合加成反应的初步研究

碳-碳双键间的[2 2]光环合加成反应已有大量报道。但是,有关叁键参加的光环合加成反应报道则很少。近年来,核酸碱基及其衍生物的光化学引起了很多学者的兴趣。Itoh等研究了1,3-二甲基脲嘧啶和1,3-二甲基胸腺嘧啶与丁炔二酸二甲酯的光反应,得到了[2 2 2]的环加成产物。樊美公等报道了1,3-二甲基6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶与烯烃的光环合加成反应,确证了该反应发生在激发三线态,并合成了一些含有氮杂环丁烷结构的化合物。本文报道1,3-二甲基脲嘧啶和1,3-二甲基-6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶与丁炔二酸二甲酯和丙炔醇的反应。其中首次实现了碳-碳叁键和碳-氮双键间的光环合加成反应。合成了含有环丁烷、环丁烯、氮杂环丁烯和氮杂环丁烷结构的六个双环化合物和一个四环化合物。     

九元氮杂环化合物合成最新研究进展

九元氮杂环骨架广泛存在于天然产物和生物活性分子中,其环系的刚性结构对这类分子的生物活性及药理活性的调控具有重要的作用,是被广泛关注的中环化合物之一.由于九元环的熵和环张力的增加,其合成往往是有机合成中的难点,特别是环上取代基立体化学的有效控制更是极大挑战之一.综述了近年来九元氮杂环化合物合成的新策略和新方法,以及这些策略和方法在合成含九元氮杂环骨架天然产物和药物分子中的应用.     

供体-受体氮杂环丙烷碳-碳键断裂的环加成反应研究进展

氮杂环丙烷有两种不同的开环方式:一种是碳-氮键断裂开环,另一种是碳-碳键断裂开环.其中,氮杂环丙烷以碳-氮键断裂的反应已经有很多综述报道.主要概述了近二十年来供体-受体(Donor-Acceptor,D-A)氮杂环丙烷以碳-碳键断裂的环加成反应研究进展.在合适催化剂作用下,D-A氮杂环丙烷经碳-碳键断裂开环形成亚胺叶立德,该叶立德可以和醛、亚胺、烯烃、炔烃和吲哚等发生[3+n]环加成反应.     

氧杂环丁烷的扩环反应

氧杂环丁烷是一类重要的小杂环化合物,也是重要有机合成中间体,在有机化学、药物化学和高分子化学中都有广泛的应用.作为具有较大环张力的小杂环化合物,氧杂环丁烷类化合物除可以发生开环反应外,也很容易发生扩环反应,构建含氧普通环到大环化合物.主要总结了氧杂环丁烷的扩环反应,包括重氮化合物作为卡宾前体与氧杂环丁烷的扩环反应、金属...     

环丙烷氨基酸合成研究进展

本文综述了合成环丙烷氨基酸类化合物的近期研究进展。制备方法包括对简单氨基酸衍生物的亲核环烷基化、类卡宾加成以及简单环丙烷化合物的衍生化合成等。在手性合成中利用了天然或合成的光学活性化合物。     

1,3-氨基醇的合成研究进展

具有光学活性的1,3-氨基醇既是有机化学中重要的合成砌块,也是众多生物活性分子的核心结构,因此不对称合成1,3-氨基醇一直是合成领域的一个热点.从aldol缩合或azo-aldol缩合合成,过渡金属催化C—H键活化、氨化合成,氮杂环的开环-加成合成,[3+2]偶极环加成反应等方面综述了近年来所发展的1,3-氨基醇的合成方法及进展.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.