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单萜吲哚生物碱的仿生合成 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
单萜吲哚生物碱因其骨架和官能团的丰富变化,加上它们的生物活性,多年来 一直哟引着一代又一代的化学家对其进行结构和合成研究,它们的共同生物合成前 体strictosidine是由色胺和单萜苷secologanin缩合形成的。自从secologanin可 以大量得到以后,以它为原料沿着可能的生物合成路线合成天然生物碱即仿生合成 就成为一个重要的研究领域。它对于理解和阐释生物碱的生物合成过程,为提供天 然来源极少的生物碱供药理试验及对促进有机合成化学的发展等都是有重要意义。 这方面的研究也取得了许多重要进展,成功合成了一些重要的单萜吲哚生物碱,如 育亨宾类、钩藤碱、异钩藤碱、卡得宾、利血平类似物、喜树碱等。 相似文献
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植物天然化合物及其衍生物是药物、保健品和食品添加剂等产品开发的源泉.新兴的合成生物学技术通过在微生物底盘细胞中重构与优化天然化合物的生物合成途径,实现目标化合物的从头合成,为结构复杂的珍稀植物天然化合物的规模化制备提供了新策略.介绍了青蒿素、人参皂苷、吗啡类生物碱、紫杉醇和长春花碱等重要植物天然化合物人工合成的研究进展.这些研究实例,不仅彰显了合成生物学及其与合成化学的结合在植物天然化合物人工合成方面的巨大应用潜力,也指明了未来植物天然化合物从头合成技术研发的导向.合成生物学与合成化学领域的新技术研发将进一步推动复杂天然化合物的生物合成途径解析、生物元件的挖掘与表征、新型底盘细胞的设计和开发以及生物合成与化学合成的强-强联合等方面的研究,助力天然化合物的人工合成技术从实验室走向市场. 相似文献
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作为临床药物的重要来源,放线菌天然产物及其衍生物已被大规模开发并应用于临床.为了实现放线菌来源活性天然产物的高效合成、新型天然产物的结构衍生以及未知天然产物的定向挖掘,往往需要聚焦于生物合成基因簇,运用生物学技术开展理性的遗传改造.规律性成簇间隔的短回文重复序列及相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas)是部分细菌和古细菌在长期自然进化过程中发展而来的一种对抗外源遗传物质入侵的适应性免疫防御系统.以CRISPR/Cas9为代表的基因编辑系统已被广泛应用于脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)片段的靶向特异性切割,为生物技术领域的发展提供了无限可能.综述了CRISPR/Cas9系统在放线菌遗传改造中的应用情况,包括在基因簇抓取、编辑与重构、原位同源重组以及代谢调控方面的研究进展,涉及全新的CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因编辑方法以及代表性的成功案例,为高效利用CRISPR/Cas9系统获取放线菌天然产物提供了借鉴. 相似文献
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单萜吲哚生物碱是一类具有重要药用价值的天然产物,但是在其宿主的生物含量很低;虽然通过有机化学的方法可以实现该类复杂结构化合物的全合成,但是难以大量快速获得,而且围绕核心骨架的进一步衍生化修饰也有一定的瓶颈.随着单萜吲哚生物碱生物合成途径的解析和合成生物学使能技术的发展,利用合成生物学策略结合化学半合成将是实现该类化合物的合成制造和通量结构衍生化的重要发展趋势.单萜吲哚生物碱基因元件的挖掘鉴定和生物合成途径的解析是进行合成生物学研究的前提条件.异胡豆苷是单萜吲哚生物碱合成的关键骨架化合物,由色胺和开环马钱子苷汇聚合成,这一过程被称为上游合成途径;以异胡豆苷为骨架形成各种单萜吲哚生物碱的过程称为下游合成途径.从这两个方面对近30年来单萜吲哚生物碱合成元件的发现和合成生物学研究进展进行了综述,为后续合成生物学的应用研究奠定基础. 相似文献
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双四氢异喹啉天然产物是一大类具有较强生物活性的家族,目前已有近百个该类天然产物被陆续报道出来.自1974年Kluepfel等发现了第一个具有抗肿瘤活性的四氢异喹啉天然产物以来,已经有近百个该类四氢异喹啉天然产物被陆续报道出来,目前这类天然产物家族中的双四氢异喹啉生物碱因其优良的生物活性和复杂的化学结构成为了生物学和有机化学研究领域的热点,并进一步推动了该类天然产物家族成员Ecteinasicdin 743 (ET-743)在欧盟成功上市,用于治疗晚期软组织瘤和卵巢癌.由于包括ET-743在内的这类双四氢异喹啉天然产物在自然界中含量极低以及化学结构复杂,使得对其化学结构的改造也引起了越来越多的关注.本文基于此,综述了近十年来这类双四氢异喹啉天然产物类似物的研究进展. 相似文献
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双吲哚类生物碱是近年来分离到的一类很重要的海洋天然产物。由于这类化合物具有新颖的化学结构和多种生理活性,因此它们引起了科学家极大的兴趣。本文综述了近年来新型海洋双吲哚类生物碱的研究进展。 相似文献
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用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%. 相似文献
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Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction
Laurent Gavara Thomas Boisse Jean-Pierre Hénichart Adam Daïch Philippe Gautret 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(38):7544-5571
In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments. 相似文献
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The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula. 相似文献
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Rebecca J. Burton Mandy L. CrowtherNeal J. Fazakerley Shaun M. FilleryBarry M. Hayter Jason G. KettleCaroline A. McMillan Paula PerkinsPeter Robins Peter M. SmithEmma J. Williams Gail L. Wrigley 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines. 相似文献
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KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields. 相似文献
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N. A. Nedolya 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2008,44(10):1165-1219
The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff
at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry
of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee.
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008. 相似文献
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Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp3)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products. 相似文献
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《Tetrahedron》2014,70(21):3377-3384
The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative. 相似文献
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Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields. 相似文献