N-硫脲基套索杯[4]冠醚与四硫脲基杯[4]芳烃的合成

控制反应物的物质的量比, 杯式对叔丁基杯[4]-1,3-二乙酸乙酯衍生物1与5或50倍二乙烯三胺反应, 分别得到杯[4]氮杂冠醚2和开链的氮杂杯[4]芳烃衍生物3. 化合物2和3进一步与异硫氰酸苯酯反应得到首例侧链含硫脲基的套索杯[4]氮杂冠醚4和含4个硫脲基的杯[4]芳烃衍生物5, 产率为92%和87%. 新化合物的结构与构象经元素分析、红外、质谱、核磁共振谱等表征证实.     

四烷基间苯二酚杯芳烃八[N-(2-吡啶甲基)乙酰胺]的合成和分子结构

为深入开展杯芳烃为骨架的超分子拓扑结构的组装和性能,开展了间苯二酚杯芳烃八取代吡啶酰胺的合成和分子结构的研究。 以四丙基、四己基和四庚基间苯二酚杯芳烃为原料,使用α-氯乙酸甲酯实现O-烃基化,后者在无溶剂条件下与2-氨甲基吡啶反应实现酰胺化,制备了烷基间苯二酚杯芳烃八[N-(2-吡啶甲基)乙酰胺]衍生物。 用X衍射方法测定了四丙基间苯二酚杯芳烃八乙酸甲酯、四丙基以及四己基间苯二酚杯芳烃八[N-(2-吡啶甲基)乙酰胺]的单晶分子结构。 在晶体中,间苯二酚杯芳烃都以全顺式构型存在,在成环的四个间苯二酚单元中,1,3-位的两个间苯二酚单元处于近直立构象,2,4-位的另两个间苯二酚单元处于近平伏构象,而4个烷基皆处于分子的下缘,8个乙酰胺支链伸向分子的外围。     

含硫脲基的多重氮杂杯[4]芳烃衍生物的合成与有机染料配合性能

以杯[4]芳烃为平台,构筑结构与识别性能独特的杯[4]芳烃衍生物是有机超分子化学的重要研究领域.本文中,杯[4]二芳胺基衍生物3与异硫氰酸苯酯反应得到开链的二硫脲基杯[4]衍生物4,产率为95%.化合物3与等物质的量对二异硫氰酸苯酯反应得到二硫脲基桥连杯[4]衍生物5,产率为80%.与过量的对二异硫氰酸苯酯反应则以产率为82%得到化合物6.化合物6进一步与水杨酰肼反应得到含硫脲基的多重氮杂杯[4]衍生物7,产率为75%.紫外光谱配合实验表明新主体分子4~7对测试的4种有机染料分子(橙黄Ⅰ、茜绿素、维多利亚蓝和亚甲基蓝)均显示出较强的配合能力,配合常数的数量级达10~5,配合比为1∶1.开链结构与多重胺基和芳基结构更有利于配位包合能力的提高.     

原癌基因c-myc G-四链体配体甲基蓝衍生物的设计、合成及其活性研究

采用计算机辅助药物设计方法,将以甲基蓝为先导化合物设计的配体分子与端粒DNA、原癌基因cmyc、c-kit2等形成的G-四链体三维结构进行分子对接模拟,发现目标化合物选择性靶向c-myc G-四链体,其对接分值为7.74。以吩噻嗪为起始原料合成出目标化合物,其结构经~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR和HRMS等确证。采用圆二色光谱实验测试了化合物与端粒、原癌基因c-myc和c-kit2等DNA的相互作用,结果表明目标化合物选择性诱导c-myc DNA形成G-四链体。     

异核苷G-四链DNA结构与活性的研究

富含鸟嘌呤的核酸序列能形成各种G-四链结构,G-四链结构具有重要的生物功能,在许多细胞内的事件如端粒DNA的保护和延长、复制、重组和转录等事件中有重要作用.一些以G-四链结构为靶点的小分子可抑制端粒酶的活性,使G-四链结构成为抗肿瘤药物设计的重要靶点.同时,某些特定序列的G-四链DNA具有抗肿瘤抗病毒等活性,如其中一个G-四链DNA T30923已经进入抗HIV-1 Ⅱ期临床研究.T30923的改进体T40214,即15聚体5′-(GGGC)4-3′,形成了一个对称而紧凑的分子内G-四链(图1),它的loop区因同时结合了两个K+而大大的增加了结构的稳定性[1].这种分子内的G-四链结构是体外抑制HIV整合酶以及抑制被感染细胞中HIV-1病毒的复制所必需的[2].为了增加T40214在体内的化学及酶稳定性,我们将异核苷分别掺入15聚体中[3],通过CD光谱、电泳等方法研究掺入异核苷的G-四链在结构和活性上的变化.     

硫杂杯[4]芳烃酰胺型氮杂冠醚的合成

硫杂杯[4]芳烃与N,N'-亚乙基双(2-氯乙酰胺)发生分子内"1+1"缩合反应,合成了新型硫杂杯[4]芳烃酰胺型氮杂冠醚--25,27-二羟基-26,28-(1',10'-二氧杂-4',7'-二氮杂-3',8'-二氧代亚癸基)-硫杯[4]芳烃(叔丁基硫杯[4]-1,3-酰胺冠醚)(3),产率68%.1H NMR,ESI-MS和元素分析确证3为1,3-桥联模式且为杯式构象.     

连接环、末端碱基及一价阳离子对G-四链体结构的影响

研究了G-四链体中的连接环(Loop)、末端碱基和一价阳离子对其结构的影响,发现在K+溶液中Loop短的序列易形成平行结构,无末端碱基时容易形成多聚体,而反平行或混合平行/反平行的G-四链体则难以形成多聚体;一价阳离子K+,NH+4和Na+促进形成平行结构及多聚体的能力依次减弱.在平行G-四链体的3’或5’端增加非G碱基,或改变阳离子使其形成非平行结构,均可抑制多聚体的形成.Loop长度影响G-四链体的热稳定性,Loop短的序列可形成很稳定的分子内结构;无末端碱基的G-四链体多聚体的稳定性低于单个G-四链体,且多聚体随着温度升高而变小.结果表明,在K+溶液中,无末端碱基的平行G-四链体序列首先形成分子内结构,然后通过π-π堆积形成多聚体;末端碱基及反平行或混合平行/反平行G-四链体中的Loop可阻碍末端堆积作用,抑制多聚体的形成.本研究为G-四链体的结构与功能研究提供了有用信息.     

历经不同高价芳基铜中间体的芳香碳氢键三氟甲基化反应

在温和的铜盐促进反应条件下,四氮杂杯[1]芳烃[3]吡啶化合物发生高效、高选择性芳香碳氢键三氟甲基化反应,高产率地生成了一系列三氟甲基官能化的大环分子.基于结构明确的芳基二价铜和芳基三价铜的三氟甲基化反应的结果,铜促进的芳香碳氢键三氟甲基化反应依据三氟甲基化试剂的性质经历了两条完全不同的途径.当使用亲核性的Ruppert-Prakash试剂时,芳基三价铜与三氟甲基阴离子生成[ArCu(Ⅲ)CF₃]⁺配合物及发生还原消除是反应的关键步,而当使用亲电性的Umemoto试剂时,反应经历了芳基二价铜与三氟甲基自由基的直接偶联过程.     

具氮杂大环空腔的杯[4]衍生物的合成与染料分子配合性能

以杯[4]-1,3-二酯衍生物3为起始原料,通过肼解得到杯[4]酰肼衍生物4.化合物4分别与己二异氰酸酯发生"1+1"环加成反应和长链二醛衍生物2发生"1+1"席夫碱缩合反应,分别以85%和80%的产率得到二例新型含氮杂大环空腔的杯[4]衍生物5和6.两相萃取实验表明它们对染料分子橙黄I和亚甲基蓝的萃取率均在80%以上.紫外滴定光谱表明它们对这两种染料分子显示出较强的配合能力,配合比为1∶1,配合常数的数量级为104.     

三联吡啶-萘酰亚胺二元化合物的合成及其与DNA的相互作用

本文合成了两种三联吡啶修饰的萘酰亚胺化合物NPI1和NPI2,并利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、圆二色光谱(CD)、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)等方法研究了它们与双链CT DNA和Htelo G-四链体DNA的相互作用。实验结果表明,化合物NPI1和NPI2对G-四链体DNA具有很好的结合能力和选择性,溶液中的碱金属离子种类和萘酰亚胺基团上的取代基对NPI1和NPI2与DNA的作用有很大的影响。在含K+的缓冲液中,NPI2与G-四链体的结合常数达到1.06×108 L/mol,是与双链CT DNA结合常数的268倍。圆二色谱结果表明在不含碱金属离子的溶液中,NPI1和NPI2可诱导Htelo DNA形成反平行结构G-四链体。Autodock分子对接模拟表明NPI1和NPI2可以通过堆积作用、静电作用、氢键等作用方式与G-四链体结合,使得它们对G-四链体具有很高亲和性(Ka>107 L/mol)。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.