层次分析法在水文计划管理信息系统中的应用

在介绍层次分析法基础上,以广东省水文发展“十五”规划为例分析了层次分析法在水文规划 中的应用,探讨了应用过程中应注意的几个问题。     

改进BCR法在活性污泥样品重金属形态分析中的应用

利用改进的BCR三步顺序提取法研究了活性污泥中重金属的形态分布。所研究的可提取态包括可交换态,还原态-铁锰氧化物结合态和氧化态-有机物和硫化物结合态。这三态的含量之和加上残渣态的含量与各重金属的总量进行了比较。利用ICP-MS测定了活性污泥提取液以及残渣态中Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb的含量。实验表明,采用改进的BCR法可以用来分析活性污泥样品中的金属形态。     

改进的水热法在无机非金属材料制备中的应用

综述了改进的水热法在无机非金属材料制备中的应用,主要包括有机溶剂-水热法、微波-水热法及有机溶剂-微波-水热法在合成纳米晶、金属氢氧化物、氧化物、晶须、水滑石及其他一些重要的无机功能材料制备中的应用。仲维卓等提出的晶体生长新理论的核心是"负离子配位多面体生长基元",模型把晶体内部结构所决定的生长规律和晶体具体的生长条件联系起来,弥补了以往晶体生长理论脱离生长具体条件的不足,开辟了水热法晶体生长理论研究的新途径。改进水热法实质上就是交叉学科技术在水热法中的应用,改进水热法虽已取得有良好的应用成果但仍存在有待解决的问题。     

响应面法在污水处理工艺优化中的应用

大多数污水处理工艺其本质是以污染物去除率为目标函数的多变量问题,因此工艺参数的优化在污水处理中起着至关重要的作用。传统分析方法存在着不灵活、耗时及不可靠等缺陷。响应面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)是基于实用数学和分析学原理,用于分析不同独立变量对处理工艺的影响,从而获得工艺的最高效率,它作为一种有效且广泛使用的试验设计和优化技术,可适应不同废水处理过程的参数优化。本文阐述了响应面法的试验设计原理和优化分析过程并全面综述了RSM分析法在不同废水处理工艺中的应用,旨在提供一种灵活实用且高效的废水处理工艺参数建模和优化方法。     

阿法替尼的合成工艺改进

以2-氨基-4-氯苯甲酸为原料,经环合、硝化、氯代和胺化后,采用一锅两步法制得关键中间体4-［(3-氯-4-氟苯基)氨基］-6-硝基-7-［(S)-四氢呋喃-3-基氧基]-喹唑啉(4); 4依次经还原、酰胺化、HWE反应合成阿法替尼,总收率55.7%,含量98%,其结构经¹H NMR和LC-MS确证。     

改进的人工神经网络在传感器阵列信号处理中的应用

本文提出传感器阵列信号处理的人工神经网络模型，以Cu^ 2/Ca^ 2系统为研究对象．尝试了神经网络方法的效果。其最大相对误差不超过5．％，最大相对预测误差不超过2．4％，结果表明，该方法性能良好，在各种传感器阵列的信号处理方面有广泛的应用前景。     

环己醇氧化制备己二酸实验工艺改进探究

为了找到己二酸制备实验效果不佳的原因，从4个方面进行了探讨：环己醇最佳滴加速度的确定、反应温度随时间的变化规律、凝聚时间对产品品质的影响及浓缩液的适宜体积。通过实验探究，找到了学生实验失败的主要原因，改进了实验装置，并确定了实验最佳工艺条件：环己醇的滴速20 s/滴左右，凝聚时间8 min，浓缩液的体积约20 mL。改进后的实验成功率达到90%以上，产品品质良好。     

输液皮条在电解实验改进装置中的应用

利用输液皮条等废弃物品对电解实验装置进行综合改进,设计出适合学生探究电解原理的新装置,为实现课堂教学过程的探究化提供方便.     

维生素A衍生物合成工艺的改进

维生素A衍生物合成工艺的改进;多双键烷基膦衍生物;Wittig-Horner反应     

因次分析法在电化学噪声分析中的应用

采用电化学噪声技术,研究了铝合金2024-T3在NaCl溶液中孔蚀过程的电化学噪声特 征.结果表明:电化学噪声的时域数据通过传统的FFT变换后得到的频域曲线SPD的特征参数(W 、、k和fc)均不能单独正确地刻画材料表面孔蚀的强度和趋势.基于因次分析法的基本原理 和对材料腐蚀过程影响因素的分析,从电化学噪声频域曲线SPD的特征参数出发,导出了能正 确表征材料表面孔蚀强度和趋势的两个参数SE和SG.其中,SE正比于孔蚀的强度IS,而SG的意 义仍在进一步的研究之中.     

聚四氟乙烯膜分离技术在含油废水处理中的应用进展

世界生态环境逐渐恶化,为保护生态环境,含油废水的无害化处理排放成为保护生态环境的必要做法。膜处理技术作为20世纪最具发展前景的污水处理技术之一,具备低能耗,分离效率高等特点。聚四氟乙烯薄膜（PTFE）膜由于其具有的极高化学稳定性、良好的力学性能、过滤速度高、使用寿命长等特点,被广泛应用于水处理领域。为此本文概述膜分离原理,结合膜本身特点和改性方法,重点对PTFE膜及其改性膜在含油废水中的应用进行综述,并探讨了PTFE膜在应用过程中亟待解决的问题,为PTFE膜及其改性膜在水处理中的应用提供技术和理论支持。     

Enhanced operation of a wastewater treatment process by periodic forcing input

This paper considers investigating the performance of a wastewater treatment plant consisting of a bioreactor with recycle followed by a clarifier under forced feed circulation. A previously developed dynamic model for the process is used to conduct the performance analysis. The static version of the model was utilized first to determine the optimal productivity conditions for the process. Numerical optimization is used to design the feed periodic function. The parameters of the feed cyclic functions are determined which resulted in improved productivity and substrate consumption. The improvement in productivity is marginal and is satisfactory for substrate conversion compared to that of the optimal condition and to the steady state condition, which corresponds to the average value of the periodic function.     

Anti-solvent assisted treatment for improved morphology and efficiency of lead acetate derived perovskite solar cells

An efficient solution-processable route employing Pb(Ac)₂ as lead source and anti-solvent treatment to achieve fully covered and homogenous perovskite films is reported.     

高职院校企业化课堂管理的效果评价——以有机化学课为例

随着职业教育的快速发展,高职院校转型发展势在必行。将企业化管理模式应用到高职院校的课堂管理中,通过观念转变、角色转变、制度转变对此管理模式进行了分析;并以有机化学课为例,运用模糊层次分析法对其管理效果进行客观、科学地评价。结果表明企业化课堂管理模式能较好地适应高职院校转型发展的需要,对其教学改革具有一定的参考价值。     

Parametric study for the treatment of tannery dye wastewater by electro-oxidation

Degradation of tannery effluents is a difficult operation because of their intricate chemical structures. Most of the conventional approaches are becoming ineffective because of the wide variation in the composition of tannery effluent. Dyes from the wastewater is also dangerous, as the wastewater has negative impact on the health of human being, plants and aquatic animals. For the first time once through continuous approach was employed for the removal of Acid yellow 110 tannery dye in electro-oxidation process on Mix Metal Oxide of ruthenium and iridium on titanium sheet electrode. The effects of pH, time (t) and current (i) on % color removal and energy consumed were investigated in a batch setup and found the optimum condition with the help of RSM design. The values of the responses Y₁ and Y₂ were found to be 93.08% and 1.07 kWh/m³ respectively at the optimum condition. Toxicity Bioassay analysis, GC-MS analysis and the kinetic study were performed at optimum condition. At the flow rates of 10–40 ml/min once through continuous experiments was conducted to found the feasibility of the process at pilot scale or industrial scale application.     

离子液体处理含油污水实验研究

合成出了适合于含油污水处理的憎水性离子液体,研究了离子液体对含油污水的处理条件。当离子液体与含油污水体积比为1∶5,pH值为5,处理15min后,水中油的去除率为95.6%,COD_Cr的去除率为93.5%,表明应用离子液体可以有效地去除油田采出水中的有机物。同时考察了再生离子液体对除油效果的影响,其五次平行实验的除油率达95.4%,COD_Cr去除率为93.2%,表明离子液体可以回收利用。在此基础上,分析了离子液体对含油污水处理的作用机理。     

Enrichment of flavonoid-rich extract from Bidens bipinnata L. by macroporous resin using response surface methodology,UHPLC–Q-TOF MS/MS-assisted characterization and comprehensive evaluation of its bioactivities by analytical hierarchy process

The extract of Bidens bipinnata L. exhibited wide spectrum of bioactivities owing to the presence of flavonoids. In this study, a purification process was developed to enrich the flavonoid-rich extract from B. bipinnata L. (BBTF). AB-8 resin was selected for the purification of total flavonoids. Response surface methodology coupled with Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the purification condition; it was optimized as pH 5.1, volume of ethanol 80 ml, flow rate of ethanol 1.8 bed volume per hour (BV/h) and concentration of ethanol 76.0%. The total flavonoid content of BBTF was 56.48% under the optimal conditions. The identification of flavonoids in BBTF was conducted using UHPLC–ESI-Q-TOF MS. A total of 14 compounds, including 12 flavonoids, were identified in BBTF. Finally, the in vitro antioxidant activities, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of BBTF were comprehensively analyzed by an analytical hierarchy process. The results indicated that it exhibited higher bioactivities than the crude extract. These findings suggested that the optimized process could significantly enhance the purity of flavonoids and their bioactivities. This study showed a comprehensive analysis of a total flavonoid extract of B. bipinnata L. for the first time, which could provide a useful approach for its purification process and quality control as well as bioactivities.     

The anaerobic treatment of soft drink wastewater in UASB and hybrid reactors

The anaerobic treatment of soft drink wastewater (SDW) was studied in two laboratory reactors—a 1.8-L UASB reactor and a 3-L hybrid reactor-sludge bed containing a layer of polyurethane in the upper part, at 35°C. The highest organic loading rates (OLR) achieved were 13 and 16.5 g COD/L · D for hybrid and UASB reactors, respectively, with the treatment efficiency of about 80% for both reactors. Despite the higher treatment productivity achieved for the UASB reactor, its lower ability to generate a sufficient level of alkalinity led to difficulties in maintaining a stable operation performance. Therefore, the hybrid reactor seems to be indicated for OLR higher than 10 g COD/L · d and HRT lower than 1 D, from the point of view of reliability of these two systems. Both reactors can treat the SDW with pH influent up to 11.0. The feeding of reactors with higher pH influent values led to their quick failure because of alkali shock. The duration of the recovery period after alkali shock was about 1.5-2 mo.     

Aromatic free Fenton process for rapid removal of phenol from refinery wastewater in an oscillatory baffled reactor

The need for clean, safe, and unpolluted water has recently become an important issue. Industrial processes such as petrochemical, pharmaceutical, pulp, and paper industries emit organic products in water, such as phenols, which are extremely toxic to aquatic life. The severe operating conditions, such as high pressure and temperature, of the conventional chemical oxidation processes of phenols cost a lot and limited the extensive application of the process. The present work depicts the development of a highly efficient and rapid oxidation process in an oscillating baffled reactor (OBR) to allow continuous and safe phenol removal under moderate operating conditions. Phenol conversion was studied as a function of initial concentration (300–500 ppm), pH (3–5), residence time (1–5 min), at constant amplitude (A = 4 mm), and frequency (f = 4 Hz) of oscillation and room temperature to achieve up to 94.6%. At 70 °C, 300 ppm starting concentration, pH = 3, 4 Hz frequency, and 4 mm amplitude, an exceptional removal of 99.858% phenol was achieved without additional extraction in just 3 min by optimizing the working parameters. This is a significant improvement over comparable processes at this temperature, and it was done in a reactor that scales up reliably, so this performance can likely be replicated on a large scale. Also, the present process was safe as it produced a nil concentration of the hazardous Fenton intermediate compounds.