Unitary representations of some infinite dimensional groups

We construct projective unitary representations of (a) Map(S ¹;G), the group of smooth maps from the circle into a compact Lie groupG, and (b) the group of diffeomorphisms of the circle. We show that a class of representations of Map(S ¹;T), whereT is a maximal torus ofG, can be extended to representations of Map(S ¹;G),     

Diff (S 1) and the Teichmüller spaces

Precisely two of the homogeneous spaces that appear as coadjoint orbits of the group of string reparametrizations, , carry in a natural way the structure of infinite dimensional, holomorphically homogeneous complex analytic Kähler manifolds. These areN=Diff(S ¹)/Rot(S ¹) andM=Diff(S ¹)/Möb(S ¹). Note thatN is a holomorphic disc fiber space overM. Now,M can be naturally considered as embedded in the classical universal Teichmüller spaceT(1), simply by noting that a diffeomorphism ofS ¹ is a quasisymmetric homeomorphism.T(1) is itself a homomorphically homogeneous complex Banach manifold. We prove in the first part of the paper that the inclusion ofM inT(1) iscomplex analytic.In the latter portion of this paper it is shown that theunique homogeneous Kähler metric carried byM = Diff (S ¹/SL(2, ) induces preciselythe Weil-Petersson metric on the Teichmüller space. This is via our identification ofM as a holomorphic submanifold of universal Teichmüller space. Now recall that every Teichmüller spaceT(G) of finite or infinite dimension is contained canonically and holomorphically withinT(1). Our computations allow us also to prove that everyT(G), G any infinite Fuchsian group, projects out ofM transversely. This last assertion is related to the fractal nature ofG-invariant quasicircles, and to Mostow rigidity on the line.Our results thus connect the loop space approach to bosonic string theory with the sum-over-moduli (Polyakov path integral) approach.     

All unitary ray representations of the conformal group SU(2,2) with positive energy

We find all those unitary irreducible representations of the -sheeted covering group of the conformal group SU(2,2)/₄ which have positive energyP ⁰0. They are all finite component field representations and are labelled by dimensiond and a finite dimensional irreducible representation (j ₁,j ₂) of the Lorentz group SL(2). They all decompose into a finite number of unitary irreducible representations of the Poincaré subgroup with dilations.     

Finite dimensional representations of the quantum analog of the enveloping algebra of a complex simple Lie algebra

Let be a complex simple Lie algebra. We show that whent is not a root of 1 all finite dimensional representations of the quantum analogU _t are completely reducible, and we classify the irreducible ones in terms of highest weights. In particular, they can be seen as deformations of the representations of the (classical)U .     

New Infinite Series of Einstein Metrics on Sphere Bundles from AdS Black Holes

A new infinite series of Einstein metrics is constructed explicitly on S²×S³, and the non-trivial S³-bundle over S², containing infinite numbers of inhomogeneous ones. They appear as a certain limit of 5-dimensional AdS Kerr black holes. In the special case, the metrics reduce to the homogeneous Einstein metrics studied by Wang and Ziller. We also construct an inhomogeneous Einstein metric on the non-trivial S^d–2-bundle over S² from a d-dimensional AdS Kerr black hole. Our construction is a higher dimensional version of the method of Page, which gave an inhomogeneous Einstein metric on      

Global conformal invariance in quantum field theory

Suppose that there is given a Wightman quantum field theory (QFT) whose Euclidean Green functions are invariant under the Euclidean conformal groupSO _e (5,1). We show that its Hilbert space of physical states carries then a unitary representation of the universal (-sheeted) covering group* of the Minkowskian conformal group SO _e (4, 2)₂. The Wightman functions can be analytically continued to a domain of holomorphy which has as a real boundary an -sheeted covering of Minkowski-spaceM ⁴. It is known that* can act on this space and that admits a globally*-invariant causal ordering; is thus the natural space on which a globally*-invariant local QFT could live. We discuss some of the properties of such a theory, in particular the spectrum of the conformal HamiltonianH=1/2(P ⁰+K ⁰).As a tool we use a generalized Hille-Yosida theorem for Lie semigroups. Such a theorem is stated and proven in Appendix C. It enables us to analytically continue contractive representations of a certain maximal subsemigroup of to unitary representations of*.     

Area-preserving diffeomorphisms and higher-spin algebras

We show that there exists a one-parameter family of infinite-dimensional algebras that includes the bosonicd=3 Fradkin-Vasiliev higher-spin algebra and the non-Euclidean version of the algebra of area-preserving diffeomorphisms of the two-sphereS ² as two distinct members. The non-Euclidean version of the area preserving algebra corresponds to the algebra of area-preserving diffeomorphisms of the hyperbolic spaceS ^1,1, and can be rewritten as . As an application of our results, we formulate a newd=2+1 massless higher-spin field theory as the gauge theory of the area-preserving diffeomorphisms ofS ^1,1.     

Hecke algebras at roots of unity and crystal bases of quantum affine algebras

We present a fast algorithm for computing the global crystal basis of the basic -module. This algorithm is based on combinatorial techniques which have been developed for dealing with modular representations of symmetric groups, and more generally with representations of Hecke algebras of typeA at roots of unity. We conjecture that, upon specializationq1, our algorithm computes the decomposition matrices of all Hecke algebras at an ^th root of 1.Partially supported by PRC Math-Info and EEC grant n⁰ ERBCHRXCT930400.     

The spectral problem for theq-Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equation and continuousq-Jacobi polynomials

The spectral problem for theq-Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations for at arbitrary non-negative levelk is considered. The case of two-point functions in the fundamental representation is studied in detail. The scattering states are given explicitly in terms of continuousq-Jacobi polynomials, and theS-matrix is derived from their asymptotic behavior. The level zeroS-matrix is closely connected with the kink-antikinkS-matrix for the spin- XXZ antiferromagnet. An interpretation of the latter in terms of scattering on (quantum) symmetric spaces is discussed. In the limit of infinite level we observe connections with harmonic analysis onp-adic groups with the primep given byp=q ^–2.Work supported in part by the NSF: PHY-91-23780     

Superderivations ofC *-algebras implemented by symmetric operators

The paper studies unbounded symmetric and dissipative implementations (S,G) of^*-superderivations ofC ^*-algebras . It associates with them representations _S of the domainsD() of on the deficiency spacesN(S) of the symmetric operatorsS. A link is obtained between the deficiency indicesn _±(S) ofS and the dimensions of irreducible representations of . For the case when (S,G) is a maximal implementation and max(n _±(S))<, some conditions are given for the representation _S to be semisimple and to extend to a bounded representation of .     

Vertex operators for the central extension of the quantum affine algebra 1203-11203-11203-1

In this paper we study the vertex (intertwining) operators for certain infinite dimensional representations of , which is a central extension of . We present bosonized expressions for intertwining operators at level 1.Presented at the 5th International Colloquium on Quantum Groups: Quantum Groups and Integrable Systems, Prague, 20–22 June 1996.The first author acknowledges partial support by the Czech Republic Grant Agency (No. 202/96/0218).     

A Kinetic Model of Quantum Jumps

A new class of models describing the dissipative dynamics of an open quantum system S by means of random time evolutions of pure states in its Hilbert space is considered. The random evolutions are linear and defined by Poisson processes. At the random Poissonian times, the wavefunction experiences discontinuous changes (quantum jumps). These changes are implemented by some non-unitary linear operators satisfying a locality condition. If the Hilbert space of S is infinite dimensional, the models involve an infinite number of independent Poisson processes and the total frequency of jumps may be infinite. We show that the random evolutions in are then given by some almost-surely defined unbounded random evolution operators obtained by a limit procedure. The average evolution of the observables of S is given by a quantum dynamical semigroup, its generator having the Lindblad form.⁽¹⁾ The relevance of the models in the field of electronic transport in Anderson insulators is emphasised.     

Additional symmetries for integrable equations and conformal algebra representation

We present a regular procedure for constructing an infinite set of additional (spacetime variables explicitly dependent) symmetries of integrable nonlinear evolution equations (INEEs). In our method, additional symmetry equations arise together with their L-A pairs, so that they are integrable themselves. This procedure is based on a modified dressing method. For INEEs in 1+1 dimensions, some appropriate symmetry equations are shown to form the vector fields on a circle S ¹ algebra representation. In contrast to the so-called isospectral deformations, these symmetries result from conformal transformations of the associated linear problem spectrum. For INEEs in 2+1 dimensions, the commutation relations for symmetry equations are shown to coincide with operators , with integer m, p. Some additional results about Kac-Moody algebra applications are presented.     

Inequivalent quantizations for non-linear σ model

We compute the homotopy groups ₀ and ₁ of the classical configuration space of anO(3) invariant field theory on ×, where is a compact two dimensional manifold for arbitrary genusg and- denotes the time coordinate. We also present the finite dimensional, unitary, irreducible, inequivalent representations of the appropriate fundamental groups and comment on some of their implications.     

Topology of the Symmetry Group of the Standard Model

We study the topological structure of thesymmetry group of the standard model, G_SM =U(1) × SU(2) × SU(3). Locally,G_SM S¹ ×(S3)² × S⁵. For SU(3), whichis an S³-bundle over S⁵ (and therefore a local product of thesespheres) we give a canonical gauge i.e., a canonical setof local trivializations. These formulas give explicitlythe matrices of SU(3) without using the Lie algebra (Gell-Mann matrices). Globally, we prove thatthe characteristic function of SU(3) is the suspensionof the Hopf map . We also study the case of SU(n) forarbitrary n, in particular the cases of SU(4), a flavor group, and of SU(5),a candidate group for grand unification. We show thatthe 2-sphere is also related to the fundamentalsymmetries of nature due to its relation to SO⁰(3, 1), the identity component of the Lorentz group, asubgroup of the symmetry group of several gauge theoriesof gravity.     

The Infinite Curvature Limit of AdS/CFT

Some kinematical speculations on the infinite curvature limit of the conjectured duality of Maldacena between 10-dimensional strings living in AdS ₅ × S ₅ and an ordinary 4-dimensional quantum field theory, namely super Yang–Mills with gauge group SU (N), are given.     

Unitarity of highest weight modules for quantum groups

We determine the highest weights that give rise to unitarity when q is real. We further show that when q is on the unit circle and q ± 1, then unitary highest-weight representations must be finite-dimensional and q must be a root of unity. We analyze the special case of the 'Ladder' representations for su . Finally we show how the quantized Ladder representations and their analogues for other Lie algebras play an important role.     

A poisson—lie structure on the diffeomorphism group of a circle

Starting from the Gelfand-Fuks-Virasoro cocycle on the Lie algebraX(S ¹) of the vector fields on the circleS ¹ and applying the standard procedure described by Drinfel'd in a finite dimension, we obtain a classicalr-matrix (i.e. an elementr X(S ¹) X(S ¹) satisfying the classical Yang-Baxter equation), a Lie bialgebra structure onX(S ¹), and a sort of Poisson-Lie structure on the group of diffeomorphisms. Quantizations of such Lie bialgebra structures may lead to quantum diffeomorphism groups.Research supported by the Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematical Physics.     

Feynman path integrals and the trace formula for the Schrödinger operators

We study Schrödinger operators of the form on ^d , whereA ² is a strictly positive symmetricd×d matrix andV(x) is a continuous real function which is the Fourier transform of a bounded measure. If _n are the eigenvalues ofH we show that the theta function is explicitly expressible in terms of infinite dimensional oscillatory integrals (Feynman path integrals) over the Hilbert space of closed trajectories. We use these explicit expressions to give the asymptotic behaviour of (t) for smallh in terms of classical periodic orbits, thus obtaining a trace formula for the Schrödinger operators. This then yields an asymptotic expansion of the spectrum ofH in terms of the periodic orbits of the corresponding classical mechanical system. These results extend to the physical case the recent work on Poisson and trace formulae for compact manifolds.Partially supported by the USP-Mathematisierung, University of Bielefeld (Forschungsprojekt Unendlich dimensionale Analysis)     

The energy levels for simplified anharmonic oscillators

The energy levels for quantum mechanical oscillators with interaction imitatingx (for integer >2) are found by perturbative methods in finite number of dimensions. It is argued that in the limit of infinite dimensional space the coefficients in the expansion for the energy of theith level are growing with the perturbation ordern like . For the ground state (i=1) this reproduces estimates established for anharmonic oscillators.