Ab initio calculations of silicon-halogen-silicon double bridges

Summary Structure and stability of molecular clusters modelling halogen (F, Cl) double bridges between silicon atoms, H₃SiF₂SiH₃ (1), H₃SiF₂SiF₃ (2), H₃SiCl₂SiH₃ (3), and H₃SiCl₂ SiCl₃ (4), have been investigated by an ab initio pseudopotential method. Asymmetrical bridges Si-X...Si with one strong Si-X bond and one weak Si...X bonding interaction (X=F, Cl) result from the geometry optimization using the LP-31 G basis set. Dissociation energy calculations using the MP2/LP-31G*//LP-31G procedure and considering the basis set superposition error provide a decrease of stability of the structures in the order2>4>3>1. The results are discussed with respect to formation and decomposition of halogenated reaction overlayers formed during the etching of silicon by halogen atoms.

---

Ab-Initio-Berechnungen von Silizium-Halogen-Silizium-Doppelbrücken

Zusammenfassung Struktur und Stabilität von molekularen Clustern, die Halogen(F, Cl)-Doppelbrücken zwischen Siliziumatomen modellieren, H₃SiF₂SiH₃ (1), H₃SiF₂SiF₃ (2), H₃SiCl₂SiH₃ (3) und H₃SiCl₂SiCl₃ (4), werden mittels eines Ab-Initio-Pseudopotentialverfahrens untersucht. Bei der Geometrieoptimierung unter Verwendung des LP-31 G-Basissatzes ergeben sich asymmetrische Brücken Si-X...Si mit einer starken Si-X-Bindung und einer schwachen bindenden Si...X-Wechselwirkung (X=F, Cl). Dissoziationsenergieberechnungen durch das MP2/LP-31 G*//LP-31 G-Verfahren unter Berücksichtigung des Basissatzüberlagerungsfehlers liefert eine abnehmende Stabilität der Cluster in der Reihenfolge2>4>3>1. Die Resultate werden im Zusammenhang mit der Bildung und dem Zerfall von halogenierten Reaktionsschichen, welche während des reaktiven Ätzens von Silizium mit Halogenatomen gebildet werden, diskutiert.

     

Benzooxirene. Ab initio calculations

Ab initio calculations have been performed on benzooxirene, the corresponding oxo carbene (“ketocarbene”), and the transition state linking the two. At the highest level used, QCISD(T)/6-31G^*//MP2(FULL)/6-1G^* with MP2(FULL)/ 6-31G^* zero point energy corrections, the relative energies of the oxirene, the transition state and the carbene are 0, 24.6, and −17.8 kJ mol⁻¹. Correlation energy effects are very important in this system: at the QCISD(T) level the oxirene lies above the carbene, as at the MP4 and HF levels, but at the MP2 level the ordering is reversed. Benzooxirene is probably slightly nonplanar: the HF/6-31G^* geometry is C_2v but the MP2(Fermi contact)/6-31G^* geometry is C_s with a 6-/3-ring coplanarity deviation of about 6.9 °, although in the MP2(FULL)/6-31G^* geometry this is reduced to about 3.1 °.     

Ab initio studies of methylenecarbene and isoelectronic species

Optimum equilibrium geometries, energetics, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infared intensities within the double harmonic approximation are computed for methylenecarbene, CCH₂, and isoelectronic species involving silicon and germanium at both the SCF level of theory and the level of second-order perturbation theory using a 6-311G(2df, 2p) basis set or its equivalent. Optimum equilibrium geometries and energetics are also computed at both levels of theory using a smaller 6-311G(d, p) basis set or its equivalent. This investigation of these species is the first to include all of the systems with germanium. In addition, this present work is the first study to includef-type polarization functions in a systematic investigation of the molecular structure and properties of all the molecules in the series. Acetylenic structures are also computed for energy comparisons. Of all the linear isomers, only acetylene is found to be a minimum on the potential energy surface. However, all of the C_2v structures are found to be local minima. Both the C_2v and linear structures will serve as a basis for future work involving mapping the entire hyperenergy surfaces of all of the molecular systems in the series.     

Cu+和Ag+叠氮盐晶体的周期性ab initio计算

过渡金属叠氮盐为化学结构简单的爆燃爆炸性物质．可作为起爆剂或快速反应研究的模型体系。在炸药化学、固体化学和固体物理等领域受到广泛关注．其晶体结构、物理、化学和爆炸性质已有许多报道．但迄今对该类化合物的理论研究方法仅局限于半经验的DV-Xa方法和EH-CO法．     

Ab initio studies of properties of small potassium clusters

We have studied the properties of various isomers of potassium clusters containing even number of atoms ranging from 2 to 20 at the ab initio level. The geometry optimization calculations of the isomers of each cluster are performed by using all-electron density functional theory with gradient corrected exchange-correlation functional. Using the optimized geometries of different isomers we investigate the evolution of binding energy, ionization potential, and static polarizability with the increasing size of the clusters. The polarizabilities are calculated by employing M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The polarizabilities of dimer and tetramer are also calculated by employing large basis set coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations and perturbative triple excitations. The time-dependent density functional theory calculations of polarizabilities are carried out with two different exchange-correlation potentials: (i) an asymptotically correct model potential and (ii) within the local density approximation. A systematic comparison with the other available theoretical and experimental data for various properties of small potassium clusters mentioned above has been performed. These comparisons reveal that both the binding energy and the ionization potential obtained with gradient-corrected potential match quite well with the already published data. Similarly, the polarizabilities obtained with M?ller-Plesset perturbation theory and with model potential are quite close to each other and also close to experimental data.     

Ab initio and DFT theory studies of interaction of thymine with formaldehyde

In this article, the interaction of formaldehyde (FA) with thymine is theoretically investigated by computational chemistry methods. The optimization geometries and vibrational frequencies of FA, thymine and three complexes between thymine and FA have been calculated by using the density functional theory and ab initio methods at the B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) and MP2/6-311G(d, p) levels. The NBO and AIM methods are used to analyse interaction as well. Conformers (A), (B) and (C) are cyclic structures with C–H***O and N–H***O hydrogen bonds on a common plane. The corrected complex interaction energies of cyclic structures (A), (B) and (C) at MP2/6-311G(d, p) levels are −38.41, −26.94 and −26.01 kJ/mol, respectively. The order of stability is (A) > (B) > (C).     

Ab initio prediction of vibrational spectra: A database approach

Efforts to develop a database of quadratic force fields for organic molecules are described. The database is based on systematic ab initio calculations, scaled to reproduce the experimentally observed frequencies. The choice of the theoretical method, the basis sets, geometries, internal coordinates and the scaling procedure are discussed. A key point in the procedure is the automatic generation of the internal valence coordinates. This is also very advantageous for geometry optimization. The database should permit the prediction of vibrational frequencies for most organic molecules to 10–20 cm⁻¹, together with semiquantitative intensities. The accuracy is sufficient to identify unknown compounds from a list of reasonable candidates.     

CnAl-(n=1~11)结构的量子化学从头计算

在RHF／ROHF6－311G*水平上，优化了直链构型CnAl－（n＝1～11）的几何参数，计算了体系的能量以及它们失去C，C2，C3，Al，CA1，C2Al等六种解离方式的解离能，并与CnP－的计算结果加以对比．计算结果证实了我们以往的实验观察，即CnAl的结构稳定性具有奇偶交替的变化规律，其中n为偶数的族离子相对比较稳定．还根据对计算结果的分析，探讨了CnAl－的其它结构特性．     

Ab initio Investigation of Decomposition of HCF_2OH

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＤｉｆｌｕｏｒｏｍｅｔｈａｎｏｌｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒｅｄｔｏｂｅｏｆａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｉｔｉｓｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＯ（１Ｄ）ｗｉｔｈＣＨ２Ｆ２［１,...     

Ab initio studies of the intramolecular amide hydrolysis in N-methylmaleamic acids

The intramolecular amide hydrolysis reactions of N-methylmaleamic acids (NMMA) are studied at the MP2/6-31G**//RHF/4-31G level of theory as model reactions of peptide bond cleavage by a proteolytic enzyme. In contrast to the previously reported results for a bimolecular reaction model of peptide hydrolysis, the unimolecular reactions studied here proceed via the concerted pathway in which the C–O bond formation and the release of methylamine occur simultaneously in preference to the stepwise one. The determination of an intrinsic reaction coordinate shows that the reaction is facilitated by the intramolecular proton transfer from the undissociated carboxyl group to the nitrogen of the leaving amine group. Mainly because of the increase in activation energy, methyl substitution at the 2-position retards the hydrolysis reaction rate by a factor of 14 compared to the reaction of the unsubstituted molecule. In contrast, additional methyl substitution at 3-position leads to 35-fold increase in the reaction rate. These variations of reactivity are caused by the charge redistributions in the amide group induced by methyl substitutions and the resulting changes in electrophilicity of the aminocarbonyl carbon.     

Ab initio analysis of the interaction of CO2 with acetylated d-glucopyranose derivatives

Peracetylated d-glucopyranose has a high solubility in CO₂ and can be a promising phase-change physical solvent or absorbent for CO₂, as reported recently. However, peracetylated d-glucopyranose is unstable under acidic atmospheres, especially in sulfur-containing waste gases, and the possibly major decomposition products are 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-d-glucopyranose, 1-thiol-d-glucopyranose tetraacetate, and 1-mercaptoethyl-d-glucopyranose tetraacetate. Therefore, it is highly interesting to investigate the interaction between CO₂ and these three compounds using ab initio calculations, including geometry optimizations with HF/3-21G, B3LYP/6-31+G** and single-point energy calibration with MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ. The results indicate that the electrostatic interactions between the substrates and CO₂ are mainly influenced by the interaction distance and the numbers of negative charge donors or the interacting pairs involved in the complex. It is furthermore found that ΔE increases significantly if S and O atoms could interact with CO₂ simultaneously. The binding energy is irrelevant if one considers the chemical environment of the O atom (i.e. O_Ac, O_E or O_S) or the S atom (i.e. SEt or SH), and the electronegativity difference between the S and O atoms. The three substrates studied are still excellent CO₂-philes, although their average ΔE (–20 kJ/mol) is slightly lower than that of peracetylated d-glucose (–22 kJ/mol), which has one more O atom that can interact with CO₂. Therefore, the applications of carbohydrates can be expanded to include adsorbents for CO₂, SO₂ or both, and the functional groups attached to the carbohydrate can vary from those to the acetyl groups.     

Ab initio Study on the Tautomerization Mechanism and the Kinetics of Formamide

The tautomerism of formamide has been investigated by ab initio calculation using RHF/4-31G basis set. The change in some physical properties along the reaction path is presented. In the study of molecular reaction kinetics, we have calculated all the kinetic parameters according to statistical thermodynamics and transition state theory. The combination of kinetics analysis with IRC analysis has indicated that the tautomerism is concerted but the geometric changes are nonsynchronous; the lifetime of the transition state is short and the transition state is tight type; the formamide is more stable than formimidic acid; the kinetic rate constant of backward reaction is larger than that of the forward reaction in the range of temperature studied.     

Ab initio studies on the polarizability of lithium clusters: Some unusual results

The polarizability of lithium clusters was studied using ab initio as well as Density Functional Theory (DFT)‐based methods. The electron correlation was found not to play any major role in the evaluation of polarizability of the lithium clusters, contrary to the case of sodium and other types of clusters. The theoretical methods used in the present study are not able to reproduce the unusual features in the size evolution of the polarizability observed experimentally. An interesting feature is that the polarizability of lithium clusters calculated by various methods at 0K temperature is found to be higher than the experimental results measured at higher temperature, which is quite unusual. The significance of these issues is highlighted and the need of highly accurate DFT exchange‐correlation functionals and ab initio methods in the study of the electronic properties of lithium clusters is emphasized. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005     

Ab initio calculations on the molecular structure of fluorocyanopolyynes

The molecular structure of the first three members of the fluorocyanopolyynes was studied by ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations with a polarized double zeta basis set and at MP2 level with the same basis set. Alternating triple and single bonds were found; a theoretical estimate of rotational constants and dipole moments was performed and a comparison with the available experimental data was made. An analysis of the theoretical vibrational frequencies of the title compounds was carried out.     

铍硼四原子簇合物的量子化学从头算

铍和硼簇合物的实验和理论研究表明,它们有特殊的成键方式,BBe2,B2Be2,B6Be和B4Be等簇合物结构已由晶体粉末法测得^[1]。这类化合物可用于带电粒子的活化分析和低能电子的遏止实验,有一定应用前景^[2],对BnBem簇电子结构和成键性质进行研究,不仅对理解大簇和凝聚相的形成机制及微观结构等有重要意义,而且有一定的应用价值^[3-6],B2Be/B2Be^ 的结构^[7]已有论证。本文选用高精度大基组二次组态相互作用QCISD（T）／6－311G^**方法对BBe3,B2Be2和B3Be的电子结构进行了计算,并在HF／6－31G^*水平上作了频率计算。     

Ab initio studies of peroxynitrite anion-water complexes

Quantum mechanical methods have been applied to thecis-ONOO^–-H₂O,cis-ONOO^–-(H₂O)₂ andtrans- ONOO^–-H₂O complexes. Equilibrium geometries, binding energies, net atomic charges and vibrational frequencies are presented for several different arrangements. The MØller-Plessett second-order perturbation (MP2) method predicted shorter hydrogen bonds than the SCF method, but the computed Hartree-Fock (HF) binding energies are similar to counterpoise corrected MP2 values. The geometry changes of ONOO^– and water after solvation are examined. The ONOO^– and H₂O bond length changes follow typical hydrogen bond structural trends, whereas bond angles in ONOO^– are unaffected when the hydrogen bond is formed, similar to the conclusions from NO ₂ ^– -(H₂O) _n HF/6-31G studies and Monte Carlo simulations. Thecis-ONOO^–-(H₂O) _n frequencies are compared with the solution Raman spectrum and with calculations on isolated ONOO^–.     

富勒烯结构Si60的从头算研究

采用量子化学从头算方法, 系统地研究了Si60-Ih及其各种降低对称性后的扭曲构型的稳定性. 找到了5个低能量低对称性(对称性分别为T, Ci, C1, CS和C2) Si60的稳定结构. 分析计算结果表明, 典型的低能量Si60结构对应着一些硅原子凸出球外和一些硅原子凹进球内, 部分Si原子间的成键呈sp3杂化方式.     

Interatomic Potentials for NiZr Alloys from Experimental and Ab initio Calculations

Interatomic Potentials for NiZr Alloys from Experimental and Ab initio Calculations~~Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2 9892 16 6 ,2 980 30 0 6 ,2 99830 0 1)     

Ab initio Molecular Orbital Study of Dithiopyrrolopyrrole and Its Structural Isomers

Abstract

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations at HF/6-31G*, HF/6-311+G**, and B3LYP/6-311+G** levels of theory for geometry optimization are reported for 1,4-dithiopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DtPP, 1) and its twelve structural isomers (2–13). Compounds 1–3 include 2 C─CH and 2 NH─CS structural units. Structural isomers 4–7 include 2 C–CH units, together with 2 NH and 2 C–S groups. Isomers 8–13 possess 2 CH, 2 C, 2 NH, and 2 C─S fragments. According to these calculations, isomers 2, 4, and 8, are more stable than 1.     

1,2-二硒-3，4-二硫方酸的从头计算

在RHF／STO－3G、STO－3G和3－21G（仅对ZE型）水平上，用abinitioSCF方法优化得到1，2－二硒－3，4－二硫方酸（3，4－二巯基－3－环丁烯－1，2－二硒酮）三种平面异构体的平衡构型，进一步用3－21G／／STO－3G（对ZZ和EE型）方法计算总能量，发现三种平面导构体中ZZ型是最稳定构象，ZE型次之，并与1，2－二硒方酸和3，4－二硫方酸从头算结果作了比较，用abinitio数值方法在STO－3G水平上计算了三种异构体的谐振动频率．