微胶囊化石蜡的制备和热性能

微胶囊化石蜡的制备和热性能;微胶囊;原位聚合法;相变材料;差示扫描量热法     

具有薄荷香味的相变微胶囊的制备与表征

利用界面聚合法,以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与己二胺为单体聚合形成的聚脲为外壳,以正十八烷、薄荷素油的混合物为芯材,制备了具有薄荷香味的相变微胶囊。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪等对微胶囊的形貌、化学结构和热性能进行了表征。结果表明:制备的微胶囊为球形,平均粒径约7.0μm,有较高的储热能力和较好的热稳定性;芯材中添加8.3%的正十四醇或高熔点石蜡,可很好地抑制相变微胶囊的过冷现象。     

相变调温微胶囊的制备

采用原位聚合法用三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂包覆正十八烷,制备出相变微胶囊．利用扫描电镜和差示扫描量热仪对微胶囊试样的表面形貌和热物理性能进行了研究．实验结果表明：制备的相变微胶囊表面光滑,平均粒径2．84μm,平均壁厚0．41μm．     

纳米二氧化硅改性石蜡微胶囊相变储能材料的研究

以石蜡为芯材,甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸共聚物为壁材,纳米SiO2为改性剂,采用原位聚合法制备了石蜡微胶囊相变储能材料,系统研究了添加纳米SiO2对石蜡微胶囊相变材料性能的影响;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、示差扫描量热法(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)等对石蜡微胶囊相变材料的化学结构、表面形貌和热性能进行了表征.研究表明,纳米SiO2能够有效提高微胶囊壁材的热稳定性,当丙烯酸酯壁材中添加3％改性纳米SiO2时,微胶囊呈球形且表面光滑,尺寸250 ～ 300 nm,具有良好的储热能力,相变潜热高达134.79 J/g,分解温度比未添加改性纳米SiO2的石蜡微胶囊提高了40 K,经过1000次热循环测试,石蜡渗漏率仅2.96％.     

细粒径石蜡微胶囊相变材料的制备与性能

采用阳离子和非离子复配乳化剂,通过原位聚合制备以丙烯酸酯为壁材,石蜡为芯材的细粒径微胶囊相变材料.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重(TG)及激光粒度仪分析表征了微胶囊相变材料的化学结构、表面形貌和热性能.结果表明,乳化剂的种类和壁材单体的配比对微胶囊性能有重要的影响.当采用阳离子和非离子复配乳化剂,壁材中单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)与丙烯酸(AA)的质量比为9∶1时,微胶囊相变材料呈球形且表面光滑紧凑,尺寸仅为0.2~0.35μm,具有良好的储热能力,相变潜热高达169 J/g;微胶囊中壁材对石蜡芯材的分解具有明显热阻滞作用,分解温度比纯石蜡提高了150℃.     

石蜡微胶囊的制备

针对太阳能利用以及一些蓄热场合,通过示差扫描量热法（DSC）选取了合适的石蜡,以脲醛树脂为囊壁,采用原位聚合法制备了石蜡一脲醛树脂微胶囊,拟将此微胶囊添加到上述应用场合的传热流体中,提高传热流体的热容。实验结果表明,乳化剂OP更适合于熔点60℃石蜡微胶囊的制备。     

乳化工艺对微胶囊型硬脂酸相变材料热性质的影响

以硬脂酸为芯材, 碳酸钙为壁材, 采用原位聚合法制备了微胶囊型相变材料; 通过扫描电子显微镜、 红外光谱及差热-热重分析对其表面形貌和热性质进行了表征; 通过改变乳化剂的种类及用量, 研究了乳化工艺对微胶囊型相变材料表面形貌、 相变温度和包覆率的影响. 实验结果表明, 在选用的3种乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠、 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和曲拉通X-100中, 十二烷基苯磺酸钠相对效果最好, 乳化剂与芯材最佳质量比为0.5%, 相变温度为112.24 ℃时, 封装率达到92.1%.     

正十六烷聚脲微胶囊化相变材料

用界面聚合法，合成了直径大约2.5 μm可用于热能储存含相变材料的聚脲包覆微胶囊.在含乳化剂的水溶液中，将溶有芯材正十六烷的有机相乳化成微米级油性液滴，随后加入的水溶性单体二胺与甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯在胶束界面相互反应形成囊壁.分别用乙烯二胺，1,6-己二胺和它们的混合物作为水溶性单体进行了研究.并用红外光谱和热分析分别考察了不同胺类对微胶囊化学结构和热性质的影响.红外谱图显示合成了聚脲微胶囊，热重曲线表明含正十六烷的聚脲微胶囊能够耐受大约300 ℃高温，差示扫描量热测试表明所有样品均具有合适的相转变热，冷热循环实验揭示微胶囊能够维持储热容量不衰减.研究表明微胶囊化的正十六烷作为相变储热材料具有良好的应用前景.     

一种致密的相变储能微胶囊的制备与表征

制备了以聚脲为第一壁材、苯乙烯-二乙烯苯为第二壁材,以相变点在16℃左右的石蜡为芯材的相变储能微胶囊。采用红外光谱、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析测试技术表征了制备的相变储能微胶囊的结构组成以及热性能;采用溶剂淋洗法研究了影响包覆率的因素。结果表明,相变储热微胶囊是复合相变材料,微胶囊的热稳定性好,致密性优良;通过对水油比、乳化剂及苯乙烯-二乙烯苯用量等各因素对微胶囊包覆率影响的讨论,得出在水与油质量比3.2,乳化剂相对于水的质量分数为2%时,加入苯乙烯与二乙烯苯质量比为10∶1混合液的质量分数为6.0%时,其包覆率达81.14%;制备的微胶囊能耐较高温度,在150℃以下无质量损失,且微胶囊储热能力高达80J/g。同时发现,储热能力与芯壁比有关,比值越大储热潜能越高。     

石墨烯/正十八烷微胶囊的制备与及其热性能研究

以石墨烯/正十八烷为芯材,三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛树脂(MUF)为壁材,苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)为乳化剂,采用乳液聚合法制备相变微胶囊.系统研究了石墨烯对于正十八烷微胶囊性能的影响.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)、拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、Hot Disk热常数分析仪、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)对相变微胶囊的外貌形态、晶型结构和热性能进行表征和分析.结果表明,微胶囊呈圆球形且光滑,粒径约为1~30μm.当石墨烯添加量为0.1 g时,微胶囊的形貌无明显变化.当加入过量石墨烯时,微胶囊出现了明显的团聚现象.XRD测试表明,包覆于微胶囊中的石墨烯没有使微胶囊的结晶峰位置发生明显的偏移,这对于微胶囊的实际应用是有利的.微胶囊的相变热焓和包覆率随着石墨烯的加入而不断减小,但芯材的过冷现象得到了明显的改善.石墨烯对于微胶囊传热性能的提升有着显著的效果.当石墨烯的添加量为0.2 g时,微胶囊的导热系数为0.092 W·m-1·K-1,与纯微胶囊相比提高了约51%,这说明石墨烯改善了传统相变微胶囊的传热性能,提升了相变微胶囊的应用性能.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.